ASBR处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液中试研究

通过ASBR中试反应器处理某垃圾填埋场内垃圾渗滤液,在不调节pH的条件下,探讨了水力停留时间、搅拌方式和进水氨氮浓度对ASBR反应器处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的影响。结果表明：当HRT=4 d时,间歇搅拌和氨氮浓度低于800 mg/L时,ASBR反应器达到最佳,ASBR反应器对COD、TN和SS的平均去除率为32.04%、10.5%和32.63%,渗滤液可生化性由0.39提高到0.46;进水氨氮浓度大于800 mg/L,即FA〉62.59 mg/L时会抑制有机物的降解。     

改性粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法对粉煤灰进行改性,并在500℃条件下煅烧以去除残留的有机物质。研究改性粉煤灰处理淮南市垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效果,从而为垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除提供一个有效途径。通过垃圾渗滤液吸附实验,研究表明:在p H接近中性,粉煤灰投加量为3.0 g/L,垃圾渗滤液在低浓度下氨氮去除率接近100%;垃圾渗滤液初始氨氮浓度为16 mg/L时,垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除率为80.24%。改性后的粉煤灰的吸附性能更好。     

长春市石碑岭填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究

以长春市石碑岭垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,采用混凝-生物接触氧化-电絮凝组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,PFS混凝预处理渗滤液最佳运行条件时投药量为0.375g/L;搅拌方式为250r/min;pH值为6;沉降时间为120min,COD去除率可达35.02%。生物接触氧化-电絮凝工艺适于处理COD<5000 mg/L的渗滤液,COD去除去除率可达89.91%,平均BOD5去除率可达91.25%,NH4+-N去除率最高可达86.13%,出水水质可达到国家污水二级排放标准。     

电化学氧化法预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

通过电化学氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,用正交实验方法确定最佳的反应条件,对处理前后的有机组成进行GCMS分析。结果表明,较佳电氧化条件为:处理时间120 min,电流密度7.5 A/dm2,极板间距5 mm,阳极板材为SnO2/Ti,阴极为不锈钢,NaCl投加量为2 g/100 mL。在此条件下,当进水COD浓度为44 100 mg/L时,出水浓度为1 369 mg/L,去除率达到68.94%,氨氮进水浓度为4 085 mg/L时,出水浓度为1 209 mg/L,去除率达到了70.4%。有机物的去除明显,挥发性有机物增多,能够达到对高浓度垃圾渗滤液进行预处理并有利于后续的生化处理的目的。     

DTRO工艺在某垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理中的应用与建议

老龄垃圾渗滤液具有高盐、低碳氮比、难生化的特点，传统经典渗滤液处理工艺难以有效处理老龄渗滤液，会导致填埋场渗滤液大量积存。采用两级DTRO工艺快速消减积存的老龄渗滤液，工程运行结果表明，进水COD浓度为2300～3500 mg/L，产水COD浓度为3～10 mg/L,COD的去除率为99.56%～99.91%，进水氨氮浓度为2200～3000 mg/L，产水氨氮浓度为0.26～4.5 mg/L，氨氮的去除率为99.79%～99.99%，各项指标均能满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》中的表3限制要求。200m³/d的系统建设投资为320万元，产水运行成本为36.03元/吨。对系统设计优化后，在不改变原进水水质的情况下，可改善DTRO系统内部水质，从而提高系统整体产水回收率和最终水质。     

MBR+双膜法技术在水泥窑协同处理生活垃圾项目中的应用

介绍了广西宾阳垃圾协同处置项目中渗滤液工程的主要设计内容,着重阐述UASB+MBR+NF/RO工艺在渗滤液处理实际工程中的应用情况,工程处理能力为100t/d,在连续进水(进水COD浓度9 000mg/L~24 000mg/L,氨氮浓度1 900mg/L~2 500mg/L)条件下生化、纳滤及反渗透对渗滤液处理效果分析。稳定运行105d的工程运行结果表明,UASB+MBR+NF/RO工艺抗冲击负荷能力强,生化、纳滤及反渗透系统对COD、氨氮的平均去除率分别为90.72%、99.43%、78.49%和99.53%、20.05%、85.85%。     

改性凹凸棒土处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

采用NaCl和煅烧对凹凸棒土进行改性,研究改性凹凸棒土对洛阳市预处理后的垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除效果.对100 mL氨氮含量为97 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液的最佳吸附条件为:NaCl溶液浓度为10％,将预处理凹凸棒土在NaCl溶液中浸泡改性1h,干燥,煅烧500℃,调节水样的pH值为6,取改性凹凸棒土3.0g,吸附处理时间为40min,氨氮去除率可达94.8％.     

电催化氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的研究

采用电解槽对垃圾渗滤液进行电解催化处理研究,考察不同的极板间距、电流密度、氯离子的质量浓度等对电解效果的影响。结果表明,极板间距为1.0 cm,电流密度为10 A/dm2,氯离子质量浓度为5 000 mg/L时,该法对中等浓度的垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮有较好的处理效果,对氨氮的去除率能达到97.3%。     

MAP法预处理高氨氮垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法(MAP法)去除老龄垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮。试验结果表明,在pH值为8.25,Mg、N、P的量比为1.3∶1∶0.8,反应时间为2h,搅拌速度为200r/min,沉淀时间为30min的条件下,对氨氮、COD的质量浓度分别为1515、3295mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,氨氮的去除率达到91.2%,COD的去除率为26%,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

磷酸铵镁法综合处理磷酸盐工业废水和垃圾渗滤液研究

探讨了磷酸铵镁法综合处理磷酸盐工业废水和垃圾渗滤液的可行性.探讨了pH、物质摩尔配比、搅拌速度、反应时间、陈化时间等因素对氨氮和磷酸盐去除效果的影响.实验得出只加MgSO4·7H2O)处理氨氮质量浓度为2 677.34 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液和磷酸盐质量浓度为l 804.48 mg/L的磷酸盐工业废水时的较佳实验条件为:搅拌速度200 r/min左右,反应时间20 rain,pH=9.5,n(Mg):n(P):n(N)=1.5:1.187:1.0.在陈化时间为30 min以及上述实验条件下,磷酸盐的去除率为99.53%,处理液中的残磷质量浓度为6.79 mg/L,氨氮的去除率为87.56%,残氮质量浓度为76.12 mg/L.并对所得磷酸铵镁沉淀进行了X-衍射光谱和扫描电镜分析.     

UBF-BAF处理羧甲基纤维素冷凝液特性

采用UBF-BAF组合工艺对多效蒸发食品添加剂羧甲基纤维素(CMC)产生的酸性冷凝液进行生物降解,考察了UBF-BAF组合工艺参数,构建了基于化学需氧量(COD)去除的UBF反应动力学模型,并对UBF和BAF反应器生物膜中的生物学特征进行了解析,初步揭示出UBF-BAF处理CMC冷凝液的特性. 其适宜的运行参数为：UBF的水力停留时间24 h,BAF的水力停留时间5 h,温度20~40℃,pH=6.5~7.5,BAF反冲洗周期5~7 d. 当进水COD浓度为2388~4000 mg/L时,UBF反应器对COD的去除率高于84.26%,BAF反应器对COD的去除率高于80.53%,最终出水达到《污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-2002)》一级排放要求.     

污泥负荷对UBF处理农村污水的影响

研究了在常温条件下不同污泥负荷对UBF反应器污水处理性能的影响。结果表明在进水浓度为1200 mg/L、水力停留时间（HRT）为10 h、污泥负荷为0．59 kg COD/kg MLSS·d时,UBF对COD的去除效果最佳,达80．14％;在污泥负荷达到1．01 kg COD/kg MLSS·d之前,污泥中生物量比例随着污泥负荷的增加而增加,MLVSS/MLSS值可达0．89;UBF反应器对污水可生化性有较好的改善效果,BOD5/CODCr比值增幅可达28．52％,且低污泥负荷更有利于污水可生化性的改善。     

Mixing characteristics and performance of the anaerobic upflow blanket filter (UBF) reactor

Mixing characteristics (using a radioactive tracer) and reactor performance of the upflow blanket filter (UBF) reactor operated at different loading rates (up to 32 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m^?3 day^?1) were compared. The results indicated that mixing profiles of the reactor operated with effluent recirculation and without biomass were of the perfectly mixed type. Operation without recirculation resulted in about 18% dead space. The filter made of plastic rings and located in the top third of the reactor had no negative effect on reactor mixing. Operation at loading rates of up to 25 kg COD m^?3 day^?1 permitted a soluble COD removal rate of 95% with a methane production rate of 5.9 m³ m^?3 day^?1. At higher loading rates, the efficiency of COD reduction decreased with a decrease of the specific acetoclastic activity to 0.5 kg acetate removed per kg volatile suspended solids (VSS) day^?1. At all loading rates studied it was observed that the performance was not related to the mixing characteristics, which had remained of the perfectly mixed type with an occasional small dead space (below 10%). The good mixing characteristics of the UBF reactor coupled with the high biomass content and the effective action of the filter make this reactor one of the most promising designs for the treatment of soluble wastes.     

低含量氨氮污水厌氧氨氧化影响因素研究

采用厌氧复合床,经自养型反硝化过程转化,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,共耗时165d.反应器启动成功后,TN容积负荷达到0.17 kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),NO_2~--N与NH_4~+-N去除率分别为100%和93%.在此基础上,研究了pH、温度及不同有机质对厌氧氨氧化反应过程的影响,并通过正交及对比试验确定各因素的最佳控制条件.结果表明,在氨氮的质量浓度较低(～18mg·L~(-1))条件下,厌氧氨氧化反应pH=8.0.温度30℃、有机质(TOC)的质量浓度为40 mg·L~(-1)时,反应达到最佳状态.     

UBF工艺处理维生素B_（12）生产废水的研究

维生素B12生产废水属高CODCr、高氨氮废水,但B/C值达到0.4以上,且原辅料中抑制性物质较少,可生化性较好,适宜采用生物工艺进行处理。采用厌氧技术既可节省运行费用,又可产生沼气,增加效益;UBF是新型复合式厌氧流化床反应器,能够有效处理高浓度有机废水,通过实验可以确定使用UBF工艺处理维生素B12生产过程中产生废水的可行性,为废水处理提供了技术依据。实验结果表明,UBF工艺处理维生素B12生产废水,在使用絮状污泥的情况下,CODCr去除率可达到85%,进水容积负荷达到5 kg/m3·d,是一条可行的工艺路线。     

Treatment of coking wastewater by a UBF‐BAF combined process

BACKGROUND: Coking wastewater is a major pollutant, produced in large quantities in many countries worldwide. This study investigates the performance of a combined system for treating coking wastewater. The system is based on an upflow blanket filter (UBF) with a biological aerated filter (BAF). Efficiency is assessed according to organic pollutants and nitrogen removal. RESULTS: It was found that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a greater influence on the removal efficiency of NH₃‐N than chemical oxygen demand (COD). The BAF facilitated simultaneous carbonaceous removal and nitrification, depending on the reactor height. The system removed 81.5% of COD and 96.4% of NH₃‐N when the total HRT was 46.7 h (15.4 h for UBF and 31.3 h for BAF). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components of the coking wastewater were phenols and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. Certain refractory compounds decomposed in the anaerobic section, resulting in the production of intermediates. Although most organics present in the influent were absent from the final effluent, a few residual contaminants could not be fully eliminated by the system. CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the present system is feasible for the treatment of coking wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

低C/N比生活污水对脱氮除磷影响对比试验研究

利用长春市南郊污水处理城市污水为对象,分别采用填料A/A/O和SBR反应器进行低C/N比条件下的脱氮除磷的试验研究。结果表明,相同水力停留时间下,填料A/A/O反应器和SBR反应器的脱氮除磷效果较好,建议水力停留时间为6 h;污泥龄和C/N比对填料A/A/O反应器和SBR反应器的COD去除效果影响不大,各种条件下COD去除率在80%左右;推荐填料A/A/O反应器的最适SRT为15 d,而SBR反应器的最适SRT为20 d;SBR反应器更适合处理低温污水;C/N比值越大,填料A/A/O反应器和SBR反应器的TN去除率越高,最佳范围在4~6之间,其中填料A/A/O反应器的去除效果最好。     

多级接触氧化工艺脱氮效果及不同运行方式的对比研究

重点考察了中试规模的多级接触氧化工艺处理不同浓度养鸡厂污水的脱氮效果,对接触氧化槽中的固定填料进行取样测量附着污泥的反硝化速率,发现好氧环境的填料表面污泥存在一定的反硝化性能,证明本工艺中存在同步硝化反硝化现象。通过分段进水以改善碳源不足、通过2#槽间歇曝气以强化缺氧环境,结果表明,缺氧环境不足是脱氮效果的主要限制因素,碳源不足对脱氮也有较大的负面影响。通过分析确定了本工艺的最佳运行方式为2#槽间歇曝气并联运行,当进水总氮质量浓度为203～408 mg/L时,其总氮去除率在81%左右,比最初的串联连续曝气方式时的总氮去除率提高37.9个百分点。     

无机纤维棉生物膜载体反应器脱氮性能及优化

研究了一种生态多孔纤维棉(EPFC)的生物挂膜性能,并将其应用于脱氮反应器中,考察不同DO水平与装置设计(填充率、孔密度)对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,EPFC是一种良好的生物挂膜材料。DO含量对反应器脱氮效果影响显著,在ρ(DO)=10~11 mg/L、HRT=5 d时NH₄⁺-N去除率最高97.41%;TN去除率在ρ(DO)=9~10 mg/L、HRT=4 d时最高45.52%。对装置设计进行优化后,发现反应器BR5脱氮效果最好,其填料填充率为2/3、孔密度为5.2个/cm²;优化运行条件为ρ(DO)=9~10 mg/L、HRT=5 d,NH₄⁺-N与TN去除率分别可达98.59%和59.93%。可为EPFC进一步应用于生物脱氮工艺如生物接触氧化法、序批式活性污泥法工艺等提供思路。     

Simultaneous high-strength organic and nitrogen removal with combined anaerobic upflow bed filter and aerobic membrane bioreactor

Biological treatment of high-strength nitrogen wastewater by a combined anaerobic (upflow sludge bed filter, UBF)/aerobic (membrane bioreactor, MBR) system has been studied. This system exhibited high performance on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen simultaneously. Organic and nitrogen concentrations increased from 6,000 to 14,500 mg/L and 300 to 1,000 mg/L, respectively. At the internal recycle ratio of Q (Q is the influent flow rate), average removal efficiencies of organic and total nitrogen were found to be 99 and 46%, respectively with the relatively short HRT of 24 h. When operated with the insufficient alkalinity supply, the organic removal efficiency in anaerobic reactor reduced from 98 to 82%. At high influent ammonia concentration, ammonification which is the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to NH₄⁺ was observed. In case of membrane fouling, transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the combined process was about 9 times higher than that of a unit MBR under same operation conditions. The reason of severe fouling in the combined system might be caused by increased extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and hydrophobicity. EPS composition and SUVA were more sensitive parameters than surface charge and total EPS content, with respect to the change of internal recycle ratio 100–300%.