C5石油树脂改性及其在路标漆中的应用

C5石油树脂是以裂解乙烯副产品的C5馏分为原料,经阳离子催化聚合得到的功能树脂。它的分子结构上缺少极性基团,这使其与一些极性树脂如EVA,EAA等份难以充分互容,从而限制了它的有效利用。实验根据接枝反应原理,采用马来酸酐为改性剂对C5石油树脂进行化学改性。提高其软化点。实验考察了马来酸酐用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间四个因素对产品软化点的影响。实验结果表明：马来酸酐用量为0．5％（质量分数）,引发剂用量为1％,反应温度为200℃,反应时间为2．5h时,为最佳改性条件。根据最佳反应条件制备出的路标漆性能优良。     

苯乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡的研究

用溶液法制备了马来酸酐和马来酸酐/苯乙烯双单体接枝的聚乙烯蜡,考察了反应时间、温度、引发荆、单体用量对产物接枝率的影响.结果表明二叔丁基过氧化物是一种优良的接枝反应引发剂,在ω(引发剂)=0.4%、ω(马来酸酐)=6.0%、ω(苯乙烯)=4.0%、反应温度143℃、反应时间2.5 h的条件下,聚乙烯蜡接枝率为3.4%.并对产品进行了红外光谱分析、热分析表征.     

PEW-g-MAH的制备及其对PP/Talc的改性

由线型低密度聚乙烯裂解反应制备了低相对分子质量聚乙烯蜡，考察了工艺条件的影响因素。得出了反应温度、反应时间与相对分子质量、熔点、软化点之间的关系。在锅中用熔融接枝法制备马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡，研究了反应时间、温度、引发剂和马来酸酐用量对产物接枝率、接枝效率的影响。结果表明在引发剂质量分数0．1％、马来酸酐质量分数4％、反应温度150℃、反应时间3h的条件下，聚乙烯蜡的接枝率达到1.49％。接枝的聚乙烯蜡可作为一种新型偶联剂用于改性聚丙烯与填料复合材料的力学性能，使改性后的聚丙烯复合材料的悬臂粱缺口冲击强度提高了50％。     

含膦水解聚马来酸酐的绿色合成研究

探讨了以水为溶剂,以体积分数30%的过氧化氢为引发剂,在催化剂作用下,一步合成含膦水解聚马来酸酐(PHPMA)的最佳条件.实验结果表明,合成含膦水解聚马来酸酐的最佳条件为:m(MA):m(NaH2PO2·H2O)=9:3,V(H2O):V(H2O2)=11:9,反应温度95℃,反应时间3.0 h.在此条件下所得含膦水解聚马来酸酐比水解聚马来酸酐稳定.含膦量低于3%,不会对水体造成污染,所得的产品在加药质量浓度为0.5 mg/L时,阻垢率达97.96%,缓蚀率达83.47%.     

氯化改性马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯研究

采用氯化改性的方法改性马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯。研究了反应温度、反应时间和引发剂浓度对马来酸酐化的聚丙烯氯化度的影响,得出了较佳的工艺条件是:反应温度110℃,反应时间5 h,引发剂与马来酸酐化的聚丙烯质量配比为0.5:100。     

低磷膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05的合成研究

以水为溶剂,丙烯酸(AA)、马来酸酐(MAn)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)和次磷酸钠为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了一种集膦酰基、羧基和磺酸基于一体,低磷含量,综合性能良好的膦磺酸阻垢分散剂ZHCD-05.考察了产品综合性能与单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间的关系,得出了合成此共聚物的最佳工艺条件:m(MAn)∶m(AA)∶m(SAS)=1∶0.2∶0.5,NaH2PO2质量分数为8%,过硫酸铵质量分数为5.5%,反应温度为80～85℃,反应时间4 h.     

聚丙烯固相接枝马来酸酐的研究

采用先降解后固相接枝技术,以马来酸酐（MAH）为单体,在自制的搅拌反应器中制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯接枝物（PP-g-MAH）,并对其结构进行了表征与分析,研究了接枝反应时间、接枝反应温度、引发剂质量分数和单体质量分数对接枝率的影响。结果表明,接枝反应温度为120℃、引发剂质量分数为4%、单体质量分数为14%、接枝反应时间为2.5h时,可得到接枝率为2.85%的PP-g-MAH。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺阻垢剂的制备及性能评价

采用水溶液聚合,以马来酸酐、丙烯酰胺为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂制备了马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺阻垢剂。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:丙烯酰胺和马来酸酐的质量比为1∶1.5,单体加量15%,引发剂加量7%,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6 h。在此条件下合成的阻垢剂,当其用量为10 mg/L时,阻垢率达95%。     

可聚合超大分子光引发剂MDTM-1173的合成表征

合成了可聚合超支化大分子光引发剂MDTM-1173。以MA和DEA为原料,反应合成一种AB2型单体MA-DEA,最佳合成试验条件为:在DMF溶剂中,反应温度为25℃,n(马来酸酐):n(二乙醇胺)=1:1,反应时间为2 h。以三羟甲基丙烷作核,与MA-DEA进行酯化反应,采用一步法合成MDT。MDT的最佳合成条件为:对甲苯磺酸用量为总体系质量的0.2 g,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为5 h。用马来酸酐对MDT进行改性,对甲苯磺酸为总体系质量的0.2 g,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为5 h。用1173对MDT进行封端改性,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为8 h。通过FT-IR对MDTM-1173结构和性能进行了表征,结果表明成功的合成了目标产物。     

聚合物型降凝剂OMSV的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸十八酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯和醋酸乙烯酯为原料,采用溶液聚合法合成了四元共聚物OMSV作为含蜡原油降凝剂,以凝点为评价指标,对合成工艺条件进行优化,实验结果表明:n(甲基丙烯酸十八酯)∶n(马来酸酐)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(醋酸乙烯酯)=9∶1∶1∶1,引发剂加量1%(质量分数),反应时间8 h,反应温度90℃,单体浓度30%为最佳条件;并确定了其对具体含蜡原油的最佳使用条件:OMSV加量0.6%,热处理温度70℃,热处理时间2 h,冷却速度0.5℃/min。在此条件下,原油样品凝点最高降低了10℃。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。