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《精细与专用化学品》2017,(10)
氢气是一种绿色能源。氢气的来源较为广泛,有传统的化石能源,有近几年来的新技术电解水、硼氢化钠、生物质、太阳能等,也有回收氢气等。另外,介绍了氢气的应用情况。 相似文献
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<正>氢是宇宙中最丰富的元素之一,主要以水、碳氢化合物和各类有机化合物等化合态的形式存在。氢能来源广泛、清洁无碳,应用场景丰富,是推动传统化石能源清洁高效利用和支撑可再生能源大规模发展的理想互联媒介。氯碱行业联产氢是工业副产氢来源之一,氯碱企业应抓住机遇,推进氢气在新能源领域的应用。将氯碱行业副产氢气融入国家氢能发展大战略之中,不断提高行业氢气的利用率和附加值,发挥副产氢气的重要作用。 相似文献
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目前,国内氢气制备的主要途径为化石燃料制氢、电解水制氢及工业副产氢,因工业副产氢资源广泛且价格较低,是生产燃料电池用氢、高纯氢气、超纯氢气等工业用氢的主要途径。本文介绍了天津新氢能源发展有限公司以临港园区内丙烷脱氢尾气为制氢原料,采用较为先进的快周期变压吸附(rPSA)技术生产车用燃料电池氢、高纯氢、超纯氢及电子工业用氢的应用情况。通过介绍天津新氢能源加氢母站工艺流程,分析氢气生产、压缩及充装操作过程中潜在的风险,并提出相应的解决方案。 相似文献
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美国伯克利国家实验室的研究人员开发出一种新型聚合物纳米复合材料,他们相信这一成果代表了储氢技术的重大突破。氢气清洁,唯一的燃烧副产品是水,因此长期以来被视为理想的化石燃料替代能源。但是,氢气很难 相似文献
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美国伯克利国家实验室的研究人员开发出一种新型聚合物纳米复合材料,他们相信这一成果代表了储氢技术的重大突破。氢气清洁,唯一的燃烧副产品是水,因此长期以来被视为理想的化石燃料替代能源。但是,氢气很难安全储存以及高密度压缩。 相似文献
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随着化石能源的消耗,新型清洁能源的开发迫在眉睫.氢能源因其燃烧性能好,且产物为水、无污染而备受关注.目前,氨硼烷(AB,NH3BH3)作为一种固体储氢材料已经引起了广泛的研究兴趣.氨硼烷分子量较轻,理论储氢密度高达19.6 wt%,其水解产氢反应条件温和、速率可控,且气体产物仅为氢气,因此氨硼烷作为一种质轻、无毒、环保... 相似文献
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Beatriz Gutiérrez‐Rivera Krzysztof Waliszewski‐Kubiak Octavio Carvajal‐Zarrabal Maria Guadalupe Aguilar‐Uscanga 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2012,87(2):263-270
BACKGROUND: Efficient conversion of glucose/xylose mixtures from lignocellulose is necessary for commercially viable ethanol production. Oxygen and carbon sources are of paramount importance for ethanol yield. The aim of this work was to evaluate different glucose/xylose mixtures for ethanol production using S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 (wild type yeast) and P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 and the effect of supplying oxygen in separate and co‐culture processes. RESULTS: The complete conversion of a glucose/xylose mixture (75/30 g L?1) was obtained using P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 under aerobic conditions (0.6 vvm), the highest yield production being Yp/s = 0.46 g g?1, volumetric ethanol productivity Qpmax = 0.24 g L?1 h?1 and maximum ethanol concentration Pmax = 34.5 g L?1. In the co‐culture process and under aerobic conditions, incomplete conversion of glucose/xylose mixture was observed (20.4% residual xylose), with a maximum ethanol production of 30.3 g L?1, ethanol yield of 0.4 g g?1 and Qpmax = 1.26 g L?1 h?1. CONCLUSIONS: The oxygen present in the glucose/xylose mixture promotes complete sugar consumption by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124 resulting in ethanol production. However, in co‐culture with S. cerevisiae ITV‐01 under aerobic conditions, incomplete fermentation occurs that could be caused by oxygen limitation and ethanol inhibition by P. stipitis NRRL Y‐7124; nevertheless the volumetric ethanol productivity increases fivefold compared with separate culture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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以活性炭作载体固定嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌,构建固定床生物反应器,模拟溶浸采铀矿山吸附尾液全Fe浓度和溶液pH条件,对生物反应器氧化Fe2+工艺参数进行了试验研究。结果表明:活性炭作载体比无载体时生物反应器氧化Fe2+速率增加了1.4倍,由0.5 g·L-1·h-1增大至1.2 g·L-1·h-1;生物反应器运行过程中溶液中全Fe因生成铁钒而不断消耗,需要定期清理反应器中的铁矾和补充FeSO4以保持溶液中全Fe浓度;生物反应器最优的操作条件是:底部通气,Fe2+浓度为5 g·L-1时,溶液流量为1.2~1.4 L·h-1;Fe2+浓度为1 g·L-1时,溶液流量为5.4 L·h-1。 相似文献
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采用通气的方式进行氧化还原电位(oxidation-reduction potential,ORP)调控,研究在添加抑制物条件下Kluyveromyces marxianus 1727-5利用葡萄糖、木糖以及两者混合体系的发酵性能,在此基础上考察了ORP调控策略对玉米秸秆水解液发酵的影响。研究结果表明:在调控ORP策略下,多种混合抑制物对酵母生长代谢造成的损害得以有效改善,细胞活性高,木糖、葡萄糖代谢速率加快。葡萄糖与木糖共发酵时,ORP调控至-150 mV时,葡萄糖发酵时间缩短近30%,木糖醇浓度由3 g·L-1增加到10 g·L-1。ORP调控策略也同样能有效缓解玉米秸秆水解液中较高浓度的多种抑制物对酵母细胞的胁迫,ORP为-100 mV时,相比于对照组,在保持终点乙醇不变的情况下,葡萄糖的发酵时间缩短了22%;木糖消耗由4.88 g·L-1增至10.27 g·L-1,木糖醇得率也由0.20 g·g-1提高至0.48 g·g-1。 相似文献
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Andro Mondala Rafael Hernandez William Holmes Todd French Linda McFarland Darrell Sparks Monica Haque 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2013,59(11):4036-4044
The co‐fermentation of glucose and xylose by activated sludge microorganisms for the production of microbial oils for use as biodiesel feedstock was investigated. Various carbon sources at initial concentration of 60 g/L and C:N ratio 70:1 were investigated: xylose, glucose, and 2:1 and 1:2 (by mass) glucose/xylose mixtures. Oil accumulation ranged between 12 to 22% CDW, the highest of which was obtained when xylose was the sole substrate used. Kinetic modeling of the fermentation data showed that specific growth and oil accumulation rates were similar in all substrate types and the lipid coefficient ranged from 0.02 to 0.06 g/g of sugar consumed. The fatty acid methyl ester yield and composition of the lipids showed their suitability for conversion to biodiesel. Based on the results, lignocellulose sugars could be used as fermentation substrates by activated sludge microorganisms for enhancing the oil content of sewage sludge for its use as a sustainable biofuel feedstock source. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4036–4044, 2013 相似文献
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Baker’s yeast number 6 was selected by screening. It showed good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity for asymmetric reduction of 2,5-hexanedione to produce (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the intermediate was (S)-5-hydroxyhexane-2-one. Reduction of 2,5-hexanedione proceeded in a two-step reaction. The hydroxyketone was initially formed, and this intermediate was further re-duced to the diol. Factors influencing the product yield and the enantiomeric excess of the reduction of 2,5-hexandione catalyzed by baker’s yeast number 6 were investigated. Higher concentration (≤100 mmol8226;L-1) of 2,5-hexandione did not influence 5-hydroxyhexane-2-one production, but 2,5-hexanediol production was inhibited by excess accumulation (>30 mmol8226;L-1) of intermediate. The optimal conditions were glucose as the co-substrate at an initial glucose concentration of 20 g8226;L-1, 3461616;C, pH 7.0 and cell concentration 60 g8226;L-1 (cell dry mass). Under the optimal condition and an initial substrate concentration of 30 mmol8226;L-1, the yield of 2,5-hexandiol was 78.7% and the enantiomeric excess of (2S,5S)-2,5-hexandiol was 94.4% for 24-h reduction. 相似文献
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绿色木霉菌产黄色素液态发酵条件的优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以绿色木霉菌(Trichoderm aviride)为试验菌株,在培养基碳源、氮源组成,装液量,摇床转速,接种量,培养时间及培养温度等单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法优化T.viride产天然黄色素的培养基组成和发酵工艺条件。结果表明,在试验范围内,T.viride产黄色素的优化培养条件为:马铃薯液态培养基(250g.L-1马铃薯浸汁,2g.L-1Na2HPO4),外加碳源选择21.7g.L-1木糖,摇瓶装液量为50ml.(250ml)-1,培养温度35℃,接种量6%(体积),摇床转速120r.min-1,培养时间152h。在优化培养条件下发酵液黄色素的色价为(52.8±0.8)U.ml-1。马铃薯培养基中添加尿素、硫酸铵、蛋白胨、牛肉浸粉等氮源会抑制黄色素的生成。 相似文献