润滑管道内油气两相流压力脉动特性分析

润滑油在工作过程中经常会由于自身溶解或外部进入空气而产生气泡,影响其润滑特性。因此,研究润滑系统中的气液两相流动特性具有重要意义。为了解含气润滑油在流动过程中的压力脉动特性,本文采用 ANSYS_CFX对一润滑管道实验装置内油气两相流动进行数值模拟,将不同工况下的压力计算结果与实验数据作对比,验证了数值计算方法的合理性,然后分析了管道不同位置的压力脉动以及流量对压力脉动的影响。计算结果表明,流动开始,油与空气的分界面受到扰动使得空气逐渐进入油中,形成油气两相流;沿着流动方向,管道截面上的平均压力的脉动振幅先增大后减小,最大值位于紧邻泵出口的监测面;两相流动中气泡受泵的搅拌作用破碎形成连续且均匀的小气泡,使出口管道内流动所受冲击更小,压力脉动相对较小;随着流量增加,压力脉动的周期减小,振幅增大。     

湍流泡状流混合层流动的PIV测量

在单相实验的基础上,使用PIV对不同位置注入气泡的泡状流湍流混合层流动进行实验研究。混合层高低侧流速比为4∶1,基于两股流体速度差和管道水力直径的Reynolds数范围为4400～158400。与单相相比,气液两相混合层流动脉动速度的测量结果表明,在低Reynolds数时气泡的加入会增强混合层的速度脉动,但随着Reynolds数的增大气泡的加入反而会减弱速度脉动。雷诺应力集中在隔板下游一个较窄的区域内,并随Reynolds数的增大而增大。从流动横截面上雷诺应力的分布可以看出,气泡的加入减小了混合层内的平均雷诺应力,并且与单相相比泡状混合层流动在同一横截面上的雷诺应力分布曲线会产生波动。     

鼓泡床内气泡-液体两相湍流代数应力模型的数值模拟

现有的气泡 -液体两相流动的数值模拟中 ,或者不考虑湍流 ,或者仅仅考虑液体湍流 ,但是直接模拟和PIV测量结果都表明气泡由于尾迹的作用有强烈的湍流脉动 .本文首次推导和封闭了同时模拟气泡湍流脉动和液体湍流脉动的二阶矩输运方程两相湍流模型 ,并在此基础上建立了代数应力气泡 -液体两相湍流模型 .用代数应力模型模拟了二维矩形断面鼓泡床内气泡 -液体两相流动 .预报结果给出了气泡和液体两相速度场、两相Reynolds应力及湍动能分布和气泡体积分数分布 .模拟结果与PIV测量结果符合很好 ,表明了模型的合理性 .研究结果表明 ,原先静止的液体在气泡因浮力而产生的上升运动的作用下产生回流流动 ,而气泡则只有上升运动 .气泡速度始终大于液体速度 .在床内气泡湍流脉动确实始终很强烈 .液体则由于气泡的作用以及自身速度梯度产生的双重作用而发生湍流脉动 .气泡的脉动显著地大于液体的脉动 .两相湍流脉动都是各向异性的 ,而且气泡湍流脉动的各向异性比液体的更强烈     

脉动条件下旋流场内气液两相流流型及其转变机理

运用高速摄像技术对流量脉动条件下旋流分离器内气泡动力学行为及气液两相流流型展开研究。研究发现,在完整脉动周期内,流量在3.62~4.18 m³/h范围内波动,流量增大段的气核整体向溢流口方向运移,流量减小段的气核整体向底流口方向运移,气核大小及形态变化呈现周期往复性。通过脉动周期内特殊帧的分析,得出流量脉动条件下旋流场内气液两相流流型主要包括：气泡流、塞状流、弹状流、丝状流及波状流等五种形式。根据实验得出的气液两相折算速度,确定了脉动条件下气液两相流流型转换界限图,而气泡间的聚并破碎行为是产生气液两相流型的主要原因,最终构建了表征截面含气量和分离效率之间关系的评价模型。     

脉动条件下旋流场内气液两相流流型及其转变机理

运用高速摄像技术对流量脉动条件下旋流分离器内气泡动力学行为及气液两相流流型展开研究。研究发现,在完整脉动周期内,流量在3.62~4.18 m³/h范围内波动,流量增大段的气核整体向溢流口方向运移,流量减小段的气核整体向底流口方向运移,气核大小及形态变化呈现周期往复性。通过脉动周期内特殊帧的分析,得出流量脉动条件下旋流场内气液两相流流型主要包括：气泡流、塞状流、弹状流、丝状流及波状流等五种形式。根据实验得出的气液两相折算速度,确定了脉动条件下气液两相流流型转换界限图,而气泡间的聚并破碎行为是产生气液两相流型的主要原因,最终构建了表征截面含气量和分离效率之间关系的评价模型。     

螺旋管内汽液两相流第二区压力降脉动瞬态及时均传热规律

在以前对闭式循环系统中螺旋管蒸发器内汽液两相流压力降脉动进行系统实验研究、根据脉动过程特征和产生原因进行分析、区分了产生压力降脉动的两类不同特征区域的基础上 ,着重对第二区压力降脉动流动过程中瞬态及时均传热的特征和规律进行了试验与分析研究 ,总结出相应的规律和计算式 .     

矩形通道内低压自然循环压降型脉动及其复合型脉动可视化研究

以去离子水为工质,对矩形通道内低压自然循环压降型脉动及其复合型脉动进行可视化实验研究,利用可视化手段拍摄脉动过程气相分布状态图像。通过流量脉动曲线与图像进行对照,分析流量脉动的物理过程及产生机理。实验过程中发现4类动态不稳定性：第Ⅰ类密度波（DWO_Ⅰ）、压降型脉动（PDO）、复合型脉动（SPO）及第Ⅱ类密度波（DWO_Ⅱ）。重点分析了压降型脉动与复合型脉动产生机理、影响因素及流动不稳定性边界。实验研究发现,受矩形通道挤压效应及稳压器内部可压缩空间影响,工质在稳压器和循环回路之间往复波动,形成压降型脉动,增大加热功率压降型脉动会叠加第Ⅱ类密度波形成复合型脉动。两类脉动的起始点会随入口过冷度增加呈现偏离趋势,并且压力增加,偏离趋势会随之增大。通过相变数、过冷度数等无量纲参数绘制了压降型脉动不稳定性边界。     

单环闭式循环脉动热管的动力学特性研究

为了提高脉动热管的传热效率,实现更加高效的传热效果,研究了单环闭式循环脉动热管的动力学特性。首先本文建立了弹簧-质量-阻尼模型,通过Matlab程序进行理论计算,得到了脉动热管内工质位移随时间变化的理论计算结果;然后建立仿真模拟的数值模型,计算得到了不同加热功率下液柱的位移等参数随时间的变化规律。结果表明:脉动热管内液柱的振荡频率随加热功率的增大而增大;当管内最大压力与最小压力的差值小于某一临界值时,管内工质做振荡运动,反之,工质做循环运动;脉动热管内工质的运动具有同步化现象。     

波壁管内的脉动流动及传质强化的数值模拟

应用Fluent软件对波壁管内脉动流场下的层流流动、质量传递强化进行了数值研究,并将得到的结果与已有的实验结果进行了比较。考虑了3个参数：净流动Reynolds数Re,脉动流的振动分率P和代表脉动频率的Strouhal数St,其中重点考察了St对质量传递强化的影响。对中等Reynolds数以下的脉动流动结构和质量传递强化的数值模拟结果表明,存在一个最佳St使得强化效果最好,并且数值结论与相应的实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

微细通道中R32流动沸腾换热的数值模拟

利用VOF多相流模型对R32在1、2mm水平光管内流动沸腾换热进行了二维非稳态数值模拟。模拟的工况为:质量流速100kg·m2·s~(-1),热通量12kW·m~(-2),饱和温度15℃。模拟结果显示:2mm通道内工质的流动沸腾过程依次经历了液相单相流、泡状流、弹状流;1mm通道内工质的流动沸腾过程依次经历了液相单相流、泡状流、受限泡状流、弹状流。利用模拟所得气相体积分数分布、温度分布,分析了R32管内流动沸腾过程中的基本规律和气泡运动特点,以及管径对流动沸腾换热过程流型的影响。利用数值模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,显示较好的一致性。     

管道站场变频输油泵机组流量扬程计算模型的确立及应用

阐述了成品油管道站场输油泵机组流量扬程数学模型的建模过程,运用该模型对某输油站场进行了具体分析,优选结果与实际相符,表明采用该模型可以对输油站场泵机组的总流量、扬程、转速依赖函数进行有效的数学建模。。     

CFD软件用于玻璃纤维窑炉数值模拟的研究

介绍了玻璃纤维窑炉空气助燃火焰空间三维数学模型的建立,其中气相流动模型由标准k-ε湍流模型组成,化学反应模型使用有限速率/涡耗散模型,辐射传热模型使用离散坐标模型。以某玻纤厂年产2,万,t玻璃纤维的熔窑为研究对象,用CFD软件模拟燃烧空间内气体的流动、温度分布和压力分布状况。通过模拟结果与现场实测数据进行比较,该数学模型能够比较客观地反映单元玻璃窑炉富氧燃烧空间的温度场、速度场和压力场的分布规律。     

Dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene melts with pulsatile pressure flow in a dynamic capillary rheometer

A self‐made dynamic capillary rheometer (DCR) was designed to investigate the dynamic viscoelastic characteristic of polypropylene (PP) melt during the pulsatile pressure extrusion. A vibration force field was parallel superposed upon steady shear flow in this DCR by means of a vibration driven piston. During the pulsatile pressure extruding process in DCR, the PP melt displayed apparent viscoelasticity. The experiment results proved the pressure pulsatile extrusion could reduce the viscosity of polymer melts effectively. The phase difference between the shear stress and the shear rate decreased with the superposed vibration. But, at large amplitude conditions, the viscosity has an increasing tendency. This maybe illuminated that large amplitude could be harmful for the vibration‐assistant polymer processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1834–1838, 2006     

A novel simulation approach for particulate flows during filtration

This paper presents a novel approach for simulation of filtration process when velocity gradient within pore space cannot be neglected. The new model is useful for accurate prediction of the filtration performance and particle retention efficiency. Artificial porous media such as filters, by design, have a large surface-to-volume ratio because of an inherent homogeneity present within their structure; the homogenous structure is realized due to organized packing of grains as building blocks, which leads to a significant velocity gradient inner pore space. In this work, the inner-pore flow characteristics of two different homogeneous packing patterns (cubic and oblique hexagonal packing) were examined. The multiple constricted tubes analogy was adopted to model porous media to simplify the inner-pore geometrical structure. A new integrated simulation approach was utilized through implementing the particle trajectory model to every unit bed element of the simulation domain. The accuracy of the numerical simulations used in this study was verified by comparing the particle distribution pattern and penetration depth obtained from simulations to those monitored via a visual experiment. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to study parameters that may affect the particle distribution and penetration length, such as grain-to-particle size ratio, flow rate, and fluid viscosity. The simulation method utilized in this paper provides an in-depth understanding of the fine particle migration during filtration process through artificial porous media, and, thus, provide useful insights for improved filtration design.     

Dynamic modelling of multitubular catalytic reactors

This paper presents a study on modelling and simulation of transient operational characteristics in multitubular fixed-bed reactors. The dynamic model of the reactor is based on a “porous body” approach which regards the intertubular space as a pseudo-homogeneous environment. Such an approach permits to take into account most factors in the geometrical design of the unit and thus to study the influence of various shell-side geometrical and operational parameters on the reactor behaviour. Based on the model, the dynamic responses of the two most common industrial reactor designs, i.e. the parallel flow unit with distributing plates and the crossflow reactor with disk-and-doughnut baffles have been investigated and compared. In addition, some problems of correct space discretization and use of time-dependent regridding procedures, are discussed.     

高物性变化流体密闭空间内自然对流的数值模拟

流体物性随温度变化呈现高变化特性时,密闭空间流体自然对流规律的模拟计算需要采用变物性计算方法。以液态水为研究对象,采用变物性方法研究其在密闭空间内的自然对流现象,分析温度变化时流体流动与传热过程,并采用分子间距变化规律对变温差下的密闭空间满液体理论进行解释。模拟计算结果表明:液体密度、粘度随温度改变较大时,对密闭空间内流体传热过程有较大影响,采用变物性方法可以更准确地模拟密闭空间内自然对流现象,并为热管技术的发展奠定一定的理论基础。     

氯化钠在乙二醇溶液中结晶过程模拟

采用多相流与粒数衡算方程的耦合求解,利用ANSYS15.0来模拟乙二醇脱一价盐闪蒸罐中的结晶过程,得到晶体的粒度分布和结晶过程的过饱和度分布等参数。研究结果表明,流体在闪蒸罐内能够很好的流动,模拟能够得到晶体在闪蒸罐中生长、沉降的状况,模拟得到的晶体粒度分布与实验结果具有较好的一致性。通过选择适当的参数模拟,可以更好的对结晶过程进行分析,为优化乙二醇脱一价盐闪蒸罐结构和操作参数提供指导,节约实验成本。     

Mass transfer investigation and operational sensitivity analysis of amine-based industrial CO2 capture plant

In this article, the industrial process of CO₂ capture using monoethanolamine as an aqueous solvent was probed carefully from the mass transfer viewpoint. The simulation of this process was done using Rate-Base model, based on two-film theory. The results were validated against real plant data. Compared to the operational unit, the error of calculating absorption percentage and CO₂ loading was estimated around 2%. The liquid temperature profiles calculated by the model agree well with the real temperature along the absorption tower, emphasizing the accuracy of this model. Operational sensitivity analysis of absorption tower was also done with the aim of determining sensitive parameters for the optimized design of absorption tower and optimized operational conditions. Hence, the sensitivity analysis was done for the flow rate of gas, the flow rate of solvent, flue gas temperature, inlet solvent temperature, CO₂ concentration in the flue gas, loading of inlet solvent, and MEA concentration in the solvent. CO₂ absorption percentage, the profile of loading, liquid temperature profile and finally profile of CO₂ mole fraction in gas phase along the absorption tower were studied. To elaborate mass transfer phenomena, enhancement factor, interfacial area, molar flux and liquid hold up were probed. The results show that regarding the CO₂ absorption, the most important parameter was the gas flow rate. Comparing liquid temperature profiles showed that the most important parameter affecting the temperature of the rich solvent was MEA concentration.     

Optimization of crude distillation system using aspen plus: Effect of binary feed selection on grass-root design

With an objective to supplement guidelines available as general rules of thumb for the grass-root design of crude distillation unit (CDU) using binary crude mixtures, this work presents the optimization of crude distillation unit using commercial Aspen Plus software. The crude distillation unit constituted a pre-flash tower (PF), an atmospheric distillation unit (ADU) and a vacuum distillation unit (VDU). Optimization model constituted a rigorous simulation model supplemented with suitable objective functions with and without product flow rate constraints. Three different feed stocks namely Bombay crude, Araby crude and Nigeria crude were considered in this work along with various binary combinations of these crudes. The objective function considered was profit function (subjected to maximization) for cases without product flow rate constraints and raw-materials and energy cost (subjected to minimization) for cases with product flow rate constraints. Parametric study pertaining to feed selection and composition has been conducted in this work to further benefit refinery planning and scheduling. Simulation study inferred that the product flow rate constraints sensitively affect atmospheric distillation column diameter and crude feed flow rate calculations. Based on all simulation studies, a generalized inference confirms that it is difficult to judge upon the quality of the solutions obtained as far as their global optimality is concerned.