纳米Cu-SiO_2复合粒子改性聚醚砜超滤膜的制备及分离性能研究

将纳米Cu负载至介孔二氧化硅(mSiO_2)表面制得mSiO_2-Cu抗菌材料,利用相转化法制备出聚醚砜(PES)/mSiO_2-Cu抗污染复合膜,研究了mSiO_2-Cu含量对PES超滤膜结构、抗污染及分离性能的影响。结果表明,当mSiO_2-Cu质量分数为2%时,PES/mSiO_2-Cu复合膜的纯水通量可达185L/(m2·h),是PES基膜的1.9倍,该复合膜对蛋白具有良好的抗污染性能。将PES/mSiO_2-Cu复合膜应用于河水处理,结果表明PES/mSiO_2-Cu复合膜具有良好的总有机碳去除率和稳定性。     

再生纤维素/有机蒙脱土复合膜的制备及性能研究

将有机蒙脱土(OMMT)混入纤维素溶液中，采用溶胶-凝胶法制得再生纤维素/有机蒙脱土(RC/OMMT)复合膜。利用扫描电镜、红外光谱和X射线衍射对RC/OMMT复合膜的形貌、结构进行表征，研究OMMT含量对RC/OMMT复合膜力学性能、疏水性、气体阻隔性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明，OMMT以剥离或插层的状态均匀分散在RC基体间，提高了复合膜的综合性能。当OMMT含量为3%时，RC/OMMT复合膜的拉伸强度、疏水性、气体阻隔性和热稳定性均得到显著提高；当OMMT含量达到4%时，复合膜的透氧系数低至1.391×10^-17cm³·cm(/cm²·s·Pa),具有优异的氧气阻隔性能。RC/OMMT复合膜在高性能绿色包装领域有较好的应用潜力。     

TPU/OMMT纳米复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用溶液共混法将有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)引入热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)中制备了TPU/OMMT纳米复合膜,采用全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪对TPU/OMMT纳米复合膜的结构、微观形貌及耐热性能进行了表征,研究了OMMT含量对纳米复合膜力学性能、吸水率和紫外透光率的影响。结果表明：当OMMT含量低于5%(质量分数)时,OMMT均匀地分散在TPU中,呈完全剥离状态;OMMT可以有效提高TPU/OMMT纳米复合膜的拉伸强度、韧性和耐热性,降低吸水率且保持良好的透明度。     

磺化聚醚醚酮/蒙脱土复合型质子交换膜制备与性能

以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为基体,以有机改性的蒙脱土(OMMT)为无机相,采用溶液插层法成功制备出了可望应用于直接甲醇燃料电池的SPEEK/OMMT复合型质子交换膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征了复合膜的微观结构,并采用交流阻抗和隔膜扩散方法分别考察了复合膜的质子传导性能和阻醇性能.结果表明,蒙脱土的片层间距超过4.4 nm,SPEEK高分子链已插层到蒙脱土片层之间.与纯SPEEK膜相比,SPEEK/OMMT复合膜的质子传导率有所降低,但在90℃也达到了1.2×10-2S/cm的水平,而且蒙脱土的加入明显地降低了SPEEK膜的甲醇渗透率.     

高疏水氟化SiO2/聚醚砜复合膜的制备与表征

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）和全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（PFDTES）为混合Si源,以聚醚砜（PES）为基膜材料,通过真空过滤和热处理工艺制备单侧高疏水氟化SiO₂/PES（fSiO₂/PES）复合膜。通过ATR-FTIR、XPS、TEM和FESEM等对单侧高疏水fSiO₂/PES复合膜进行表征,考察PFDTES修饰量和热处理条件对膜疏水性能的影响,并评价fSiO₂/PES复合膜的疏水稳定性能。结果表明,当PFDTES:TEOS的质量比为3时,高疏水fSiO₂/PES复合膜的疏水性能较好（接触角为131.5°）;当热处理温度为100℃,热处理时间为4 h时,高疏水fSiO₂/PES复合膜表面的接触角为138.9°,且其对不同pH值的溶液都有良好的疏水性能。      

Mg/Fe-LDHO/PES复合膜吸附材料的制备与除氟性能

以层状氢氧化镁铁的焙烧产物(Mg/Fe-LDHO)和聚醚砜(PES)为原料,采用共混法制备了Mg/Fe-LDHO/PES复合膜吸附材料,并研究了其对水中氟离子的吸附性能,考察了初始pH值、初始F-浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间以及共存阴离子等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:在25℃条件下,该复合膜饱和吸附容量为12.34mg/g,能在pH=4~10范围内保持稳定的吸附性能,吸附速率较高,前5min内即可达到平衡吸附容量的75%;低温有利于提高复合膜的吸附性能,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合膜的形貌及结构进行了表征,采用电位滴定法测得复合膜的零电位点pH值(pHpzc)为9.4。     

生物纳米银/聚醚砜复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用生物还原法制备生物纳米银(Bio-Ag~0),通过相转化法制备Bio-Ag~0/聚醚砜(PES)复合膜。扫描电镜分析表明,Bio-Ag~0可以均匀稳定地分散在PES基膜中。纳米银共混可以改善膜断面孔结构,在不影响蛋白质截留率的前提下提高复合膜的纯水通量。采用抑菌环、菌落计数及孔板生物膜培养法研究了Bio-Ag~0/PES复合膜的抗污染性能。结果显示,Bio-Ag~0不仅使纳米复合膜具备良好的抗菌性,而且能有效地抑制细菌在膜表面的粘附及生物膜的形成,显著提高膜材料的抗生物污染性能。     

PVDF/PES/CA平板式共混超滤膜的研究

研究了致孔剂种类和用量对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/聚醚砜(PES)/二醋酸纤维素(CA)共混平板膜结构和性能的影响,表征了共混超滤膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、收缩率和膜的断面形态等。结果表明,添加PES可以提高PVDF膜的尺寸稳定性,而添加1%CA可以提高PVDF/PES共混膜的亲水性,水通量显著增加。当PVDF/PES配比为9.5/0.5,致孔剂采用PEG20000、用量为60%时,其综合性能最优。     

氯化锂对聚乙烯醇／聚醚砜膜透湿性能的影响

把LiCl当作添加剂加入到聚乙烯醇(PVA)铸膜液中,以聚醚砜膜(PES)作为支撑层,制备PVA/PES复合膜.测试了复合膜的透湿性能.结果表明:由X射线衍射图得LiCl的加入降低了PVA膜的结晶度.PVA/PES复合膜与水的接触角随着LiCl含量的增加而逐渐减少,即随着LiCl含量的增加,复合膜的亲水性增强,这是由于LiCl具有强吸湿性.在保持铸膜液中PVA含量为8%,交联剂(苹果酸)、催化剂(乙酸)浓度不变的情况下,改变LiCl的含量,膜的水蒸气总传质系数、渗透速率和湿交换效率随着LiCl含量的增加呈上升趋势,数据趋势与X射线衍射图、接触角等现象相符合.添加LiCl所制的复合膜不仅不能透过CO2,而且还具有良好的水蒸气渗透性能.     

高交联温度下聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚醚砜渗透汽化复合膜的制备及性能研究

以聚醚砜(PES)平板多孔膜为支撑层,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜为分离层,在高温交联条件下制备了PDMS/PES渗透汽化复合膜。用扫描电镜对复合膜形貌进行了表征,复合膜表面平整、致密,分离层与支撑层外表面结合紧密。研究了PDMS质量分数对膜产生最高衍射峰时对应的2θ值、水与乙醇的接触角以及以10%(质量分数)乙醇水溶液为料液,30℃下复合膜渗透汽化分离性能的影响。结果表明:随着PDMS含量的增加,产生最高衍射峰时对应的2θ值先增大后减小。当PDMS含量为15%(wt,质量分数,下同)时,PDMS/PES复合膜有良好的疏水性和亲醇性,PDMS/PES复合膜的分离因子最大,最大值为4.60,对应的渗透通量为10325.54g/(m~2·h),分离指数出现最大值为47483.02。因此,15%PDMS条件下制备的PDMS/PES复合膜综合性能最好。     

OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料的制备及耐热性能研究

为了提高碳纤维复合材料的热学性能及高温力学性能,通过有机化蒙脱土改性环氧树脂(EP)制备了有机化蒙脱土/环氧树脂/碳纤维(OMMT/EP/CF)三元复合材料,研究了有机化蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层效果,有机化蒙脱土的类型与加入份数对OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料力学性能及热学性能的影响,同时研究了温度对OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料的力学性能的影响.研究表明,加入了有机化蒙脱土后,复合材料的力学性能及热学性能均有较大幅度的提高,同时还表明随着温度的升高,复合材料的性能逐渐降低.     

聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺/有机蒙脱土泡沫的制备与性能

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和丙烯腈(AN)为单体,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,以有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)为填料,通过单体原位插层聚合的方法,制备了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺/有机蒙脱土(PMI/OMMT)泡沫。通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对OMMT的结构进行表征,通过热重分析(TGA)、动态力学热分析(DMA)、垂直燃烧、极限氧指数(LOI)和扫描电镜(SEM)对PMI/4OMMT泡沫热性能、燃烧性能和形貌进行表征,同时对PMI/4OMMT泡沫的力学强度进行分析。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTMAB)插层进入钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)层间,使层间距由1.25nm增加到2.20nm。制备的PMI/4OMMT泡沫具有良好的成炭性能和较高的玻璃化转变温度,OMMT的加入提高了PMI/4OMMT泡沫的LOI,泡沫呈蜂窝状结构,孔径在0.1~0.4mm之间。力学性能分析表明,PMI/4OMMT泡沫具有较高的力学强度,PMI60/4OMMT泡沫的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和压缩强度分别为1.45MPa、2.11MPa和3.15MPa。     

活性橡胶与蒙脱土复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的结构与性能

制备了丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯(ATPU)和改性蒙脱土(OMMT)复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了ATPU和OMMT的复合对不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能、热变形温度和结构的影响。结果表明,丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合具有协同效应,可以大大提高不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度,并使复合材料的弯曲强度、巴氏硬度和热变形温度略有提高;丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合还提高了聚合物基体与玻璃纤维的界面粘合强度。     

Biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by direct melt intercalation

Intercalation-exfoliated nanocomposites derived from poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by direct melt blending in an internal mixer. The nano-scale dispersion of the OMMT layers within the PPC matrix was verified using wide angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy technologies. Static mechanical properties were determined by using a tensile tester. The PPC/OMMT nanocomposites with lower OMMT content showed an increase in thermal decomposition temperature when compared with both pure PPC and the composites prepared from un-modified MMT. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that nano-scale OMMT dispersed well within PPC matrix and therefore enhanced the storage modulus of the composites.     

Morphological,thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of Cathay poplar/organoclay composites prepared by in situ process

In order to improve the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of Cathay poplar (Populus cathayana Rehd.) wood, a kind of organoclay, that is, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT), was introduced into its structure via an in situ process by sequentially impregnating poplar wood with sodium-montmorillonite (Na-MMT, in concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC, in a concentration of 2.0%). Consequently, the wood/organoclay composites were prepared. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersed X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the morphological and chemical alterations of the composites. Also the effects of clay type and concentrations on the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that didecyldimethylammonium ions were intercalated into the galleries of Na-MMT through cation exchange, partially separating the silicate layers. Thereafter, the inorganic Na-MMT transformed to OMMT during the in situ synthesis process, and the latter was successfully intercalated into the wood cell wall. The thermal degradation was alleviated in the wood/clay composites, among which the wood/OMMT composites exhibited the best thermal stability. According to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results, the wood/OMMT composites showed an enhancement in energy storage and a diminution in energy dissipation compared to other groups. The improvements in the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites became more significant with the increasing clay content.     

Study on mechanical and ablative properties of EPDM/OMMT thermal insulating nanocomposites

In order to enhance the elongation at break, the ablation resistant properties as well as the tensile strength of the thermal insulating materials, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into the short aramid fibers reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) based nanocomposites. The effects of OMMT content on the mechanical and ablative properties of the nanocomposites were investigated systematically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm that EPDM-matrix has been intercalated into OMMT interlayers after a mixing process on a two-roll mill. The brittle fracture of nanocomposites also indicates that OMMT can lubricate aramid fiber to weaken the interfacial adhesive strength between the fibers and the matrix. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break are both improved sharply with OMMT content increasing from 1 phr to 7 phr. However, thanks to the inevitable agglomeration of OMMT with high loading inside the nanocomposites, the tensile strength and elongation at break reduce gently once OMMT is over 7 phr. Furthermore, the ablation resistant properties are improved greatly by increasing OMMT from 1 phr to 11 phr. Therefore, the optimal content of OMMT is 7-11 phr for the thermal insulating nanocomposites with big elongation and excellent ablation resistant properties.     

聚醚砜含量对纤维素/聚醚砜中空纤维血液透析膜结构和性能的影响

以离子液体氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([AMIM]Cl)为溶剂来纺制纤维素/聚醚砜共混中空纤维膜,考察了聚醚砜含量对中空纤维膜结构与性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜内、外表面形态结构进行了观察,测试了中空纤维膜的水通量、截留率等渗透性能,最大拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量等力学性能以及透析性能。结果表明:随着聚醚砜含量的增加,中空纤维膜外表面孔洞结构变大,内表面结构变得更加疏松,膜孔隙率与水通量升高,最大拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量等力学性能则逐渐下降;对尿素的清除效率逐渐提升;对溶菌酶和牛血清白蛋白的清除效率逐渐增大,在聚醚砜含量为13%时分别达到最大值24.05%和19.91%。     

Morphology,thermal and mechanical properties of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding

Two types of montmorillonite (MMT), natural sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), in different amounts of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 phr (parts per hundred resin), were dispersed in rigid poly (vinyl chloride) by two different methods: solution blending and solution blending + melt compounding. The effects on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites were studied by varying the amount of Na-MMT and OMMT in both methods. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that possible intercalated and exfoliated structures were obtained in all of the PVC/MMT nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PVC/Na-MMT nanocomposites have better thermal stability than PVC/OMMT nanocomposites and PVC. In general, PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding revealed improved thermal properties compared to PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending. Vicat tests revealed a significant decrease in Vicat softening temperature of PVC/MMT nanocomposites prepared by solution blending + melt compounding compared to unfilled PVC.     

聚氯乙烯/聚醚砜共混小孔超滤膜的研制

聚氯乙烯与聚醚砜属部分相容体系。采用溶胶-凝胶相转化法,改变聚合物共混比例、混合溶剂、添加剂用量,制备了一系列聚氯乙烯/聚醚砜(PVC/PES)共混超滤膜。通过调配铸膜液中聚合物共混比例,可大大提高共混膜的强度和韧性。其水通量和截留率与同类日本产高分子分离膜相比,均有较大提高。     

纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料

采用熔融接枝与熔融插层相结合的方法,成功制备了纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料。通过FTIR及13C NMR测试表明,端—NCO的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体与皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)间发生接枝反应。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)观察了蒙脱土(OMMT)在基体中的分散状态,用电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪(DMA)和热重分析仪(TG)分析了复合材料的力学性能、储能模量和热性能。结果表明：OMMT主要以插层型分布在基体中;当OMMT的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的断裂强度、杨氏模量和撕裂强度分别为7.96 MPa、7.12 MPa和49.97 MPa;复合材料的储能模量随 OMMT含量的增加而升高,当OMMT的质量分数为7%时,复合材料的储能模量相对于纯EVA 提高了2 倍多;复合材料的热稳定性能也要优于纯EVA,并随OMMT含量的增加而升高。