共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hyo Kyung Sung Sang Yong Shin Byoungchul Hwang Chang Gil Lee Sunghak Lee 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(1):294-302
In this study, four low-carbon high-strength bainitic steel specimens were fabricated by varying finish cooling temperatures and cooling rates, and their tensile and Charpy impact properties were investigated. All the bainitic steel specimens consisted of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, bainitic ferrite, and martensite-austenite constituents. The specimens fabricated with higher finish cooling temperature had a lower volume fraction of martensite-austenite constituent than the specimens fabricated with lower finish cooling temperature. The fast-cooled specimens had twice the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and consequently higher yield and tensile strengths than the slow-cooled specimens. The energy transition temperature tended to increase with increasing effective grain size or with increasing volume fraction of granular bainite. The fast-cooled specimen fabricated with high finish cooling temperature and fast cooling rate showed the lowest energy transition temperature among the four specimens because of the lowest content of coarse granular bainite. These findings indicated that Charpy impact properties as well as strength could be improved by suppressing the formation of granular bainite, despite the presence of some hard microstructural constituents such as bainitic ferrite and martensite-austenite. 相似文献
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Seung Youb Han Sang Yong Shin Sunghak Lee Nack J. Kim Jin-Ho Bae Kisoo Kim 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2010,41(2):329-340
In this study, four API X80 linepipe steel specimens were fabricated by varying the cooling rate and finish cooling temperature,
and their microstructures and crystallographic orientations were analyzed to investigate the effects of the cooling conditions
on the tensile and Charpy impact properties. All the specimens consisted of acicular ferrite (AF), granular bainite (GB),
and martensite-austenite (MA) constituents. The volume fraction of MA increased with an increasing cooling rate, and the volume
fraction and size of MA tended to decrease with an increasing finish cooling temperature. According to the crystallographic
orientation analysis data, the effective grain size and unit crack path decreased as fine ACs having a large amount of high-angle
grain boundaries were homogeneously formed, thereby leading to the improvement in the Charpy impact properties. The specimen
fabricated with the higher cooling rate and lower finish cooling temperature had the highest upper-shelf energy (USE) and
the lowest energy transition temperature (ETT), because it contained a large amount of MA homogeneously distributed inside
fine AFs, while its tensile properties remained excellent. 相似文献
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The effects of start and finish cooling temperatures on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-strength and low-yield ratio bainitic steels were investigated in this study. Four kinds of low-carbon high-strength and low-yield ratio bainitic steels were fabricated by varying the start and finish cooling temperatures and cooling rates, and their microstructure and mechanical properties such as tensile and Charpy impact properties were measured. In the steels cooled down from the high start cooling temperature above Ar1 [978 K (705 °C)], the volume fraction of acicular ferrite is lower than in the steels cooled down from the low start cooling temperature below Ar1 [978 K (705 °C)]. The finish cooling temperatures and cooling rates affect the formation of bainitic ferrite, granular bainite, and martensite–austenite (MA) constituents. According to the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties, the tensile strength increases with increasing the volume fractions of bainitic ferrite and MA constituents, whereas the elongation decreases. The yield ratio decreases as the volume fraction of MA constituents increases. Charpy impact absorbed energy is proportional to the volume fraction of acicular ferrite, and is inversely proportional to the volume fraction of granular bainite. 相似文献
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Hyo Kyung Sung Sang Yong Shin Byoungchul Hwang Chang Gil Lee Sunghak Lee 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2012,43(10):3703-3714
The effects of B and Cu addition and cooling rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon, high-strength bainitic steels were investigated in this study. The steel specimens were composed mostly of bainitic ferrite, together with small amounts of acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and martensite. The yield and tensile strengths of all the specimens were higher than 1000?MPa and 1150?MPa, respectively, whereas the upper shelf energy was higher than 160?J and energy transition temperature was lower than 208?K (?C65?°C) in most specimens. The slow-cooled specimens tended to have the lower strengths, higher elongation, and lower energy transition temperature than the fast-cooled specimens. The Charpy notch toughness was improved with increasing volume fraction of acicular ferrite because acicular ferrites favorably worked for Charpy notch toughness even when other low-toughness microstructures such as bainitic ferrite and martensite were mixed together. To develop high-strength bainitic steels with an excellent combination of strength and toughness, the formation of bainitic microstructures mixed with acicular ferrite was needed, and the formation of granular bainite was prevented. 相似文献
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Sang Yong Shin 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2013,44(6):2613-2624
The effects of microstructure on tensile, Charpy impact, and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) properties of two API X80 pipeline steels were investigated in this study. Two API X80 pipeline steels consisting of acicular ferrite and granular bainite, and a small amount of hard phases such as martensite and secondary phases have elongated grains along the rolling direction, so that they show different mechanical properties as the specimens’ directions change. The 90 deg specimens have high tensile strength due to the low stress concentration on the fine hard phases and the high loads for the deformation of the elongated grains. In contrast, the 30 deg specimens have less elongated grains and larger hard phases such as martensite, with the size of about 3 μm, than the 90 deg specimens. Hence, the 30 deg specimens have low tensile strength because of the high stress concentration on the large hard phases and the low loads to deform grains. In the 90 deg specimen, brittle crack propagation surfaces are even since cracks propagate in a straight line along the elongated grain structure. In the 30 deg specimen, however, brittle crack propagation surfaces are uneven, and secondary cracks are observed, because of the zigzag brittle crack propagation path. In the CTOD properties, the 90 deg specimens have maximum forces of higher magnitude than the 30 deg specimens, because of the elongated grain structure. However, CTODs of the 90 deg specimens are lower than those of the 30 deg specimens because of the low plastic deformation areas by the elongated grains in the 90 deg specimens. 相似文献
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Junghoon Lee Seok Su Sohn Seokmin Hong Byeong-Chan Suh Sung-Kyu Kim Byeong-Joo Lee Nack J. Kim Sunghak Lee 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2014,45(12):5419-5430
Effects of Mn addition (17, 19, and 22 wt pct) on tensile and Charpy impact properties in three austenitic Fe-Mn-C-Al-based steels were investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures in relation with deformation mechanisms. Tensile strength and elongation were not varied much with Mn content at room temperature, but abruptly decreased with decreasing Mn content at 77 K (?196 °C). Charpy impact energies at 273 K (0 °C) were higher than 200 J in the three steels, but rapidly dropped to 44 J at 77 K (?196 °C) in the 17Mn steel, while they were higher than 120 J in the 19Mn and 22Mn steels. Although the cryogenic-temperature stacking fault energies (SFEs) were lower by 30 to 50 pct than the room-temperature SFEs, the SFE of the 22Mn steel was situated in the TWinning-induced plasticity regime. In the 17Mn and 19Mn steels, however, α′-martensites were formed by the TRansformation-induced plasticity mechanism because of the low SFEs. EBSD analyses along with interrupted tensile tests at cryogenic temperature showed that the austenite was sufficiently deformed in the 19Mn steel even after the formation of α′-martensite, thereby leading to the high impact energy over 120 J. 相似文献
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Lee Sang-In Lee Seung-Wan Kim Sang-Gyu Hwang Byoungchul 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2021,52(9):4170-4180
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The correlation of delta-ferrite with the tensile and Charpy impact properties of austenitic Fe-23Mn-Al-C steels with different Al and C contents for... 相似文献
9.
Development of New High-Strength Carbide-Free Bainitic Steels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An attempt was made to optimize the mechanical properties by tailoring the process parameters for two newly developed high-strength
carbide-free bainitic steels with the nominal compositions of 0.47 pct C, 1.22 pct Si, 1.07 pct Mn, 0.7 pct Cr (S1), and 0.30 pct
C, 1.76 pct Si, 1.57 pct Mn, and 0.144 pct Cr (S2) (wt pct), respectively. Heat treatment was carried out via two different routes: (1) isothermal transformation and (2) quenching followed by isothermal tempering. The results for the
two different processes were compared. The bainitic steels developed by isothermal heat treatment were found to show better
mechanical properties than those of the quenched and subsequently tempered ones. The effect of the fraction of the phases,
influence of the transformation temperatures, the holding time, and the stability of retained austenite on the mechanical
properties of these two steels was critically analyzed with the help of X-ray diffraction, optical metallography, scanning
electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Finally, a remarkable combination of yield strength of the level of 1557 MPa
with a total elongation of 15.5 pct was obtained. 相似文献
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Effects of rolling and cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon cold heading steel were investigated on a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results have shown that the mechanical properties of low carbon steels exceed the standard requirements of ML30, ML35, ML40, and ML45 steel, respectively due to thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP). This is attributed to a significant amount of pearlite and the ferrite-grain refinement. Under the condition of relatively low temperature rolling, the mechanical properties exceed standard requirements of ML45 and ML30 steel after water cooling and air cooling, respectively. Fast cooling which leads to more pearlite and finer ferrite grains is more critical than finish rolling temperatures for low carbon cold heading steel. The specimen at high finish rolling temperature exhibits very good mechanical properties due to fast cooling. This result has great significance not only for energy saving and emission reduction, but also for low-carbon economy, because the goals of the replacement of medium-carbon by low-carbon are achieved with TMCP. 相似文献
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Hot rolling, cold rolling and continuous annealing processes of Ti bearing and Ti+ Nb stabilized ultra-low-carbon bake hardened steels were experimentally studied. The microstrueture and texture evolution, as well as the morphology, size and distribution of second phase precipitates during hot roiling, cold rolling and continuous annea-ling were also analyzed. The results showed that the size of NbC precipitates in Ti+ Nb stabilized ultra-low-carbon bake hardened steel was smaller than that of TiC precipitates in Ti bearing ultra-low-carbon bake hardened steel, which made the average grain size of Ti+ Nb stabilized ultra-low-carbon bake hardened steel finer than that of Ti bearing ultra-low-carbon bake hardened steel; for the yield strength, the former was higher than the latter; but for the γ value which reflects the deep-drawing performance, the former was lower than the latter. 相似文献
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Seung Youb Han Sang Yong Shin Hyuk-Joong Lee Byeong-Joo Lee Sunghak Lee Nack J. Kim Jai-Hyun Kwak 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2012,43(3):843-853
An investigation was conducted into the effects of annealing temperature on microstructure and tensile properties of ferritic
lightweight steels. Two steels were fabricated by varying the C content, and were annealed at 573 K to 1173 K (300 °C to 900 °C)
for 1 hour. According to the microstructural analysis results, κ-carbides were formed at about 973 K (700 °C), which was confirmed by equilibrium phase diagrams calculated from a THERMO-CALC
program. In the steel containing low carbon content, needle-shaped κ-carbides were homogeneously dispersed in the ferrite matrix, whereas bulky band-shaped martensites were distributed in the
steel containing high carbon content. In the 973 K (700 °C)-annealed specimen of the steel containing high carbon content,
deformation bands were formed throughout the specimen, while fine carbides were sufficiently deformed inside the deformation
bands, thereby resulting in the greatest level of strength and ductility. These results indicated that the appropriate annealing
treatment of steel containing high carbon content was useful for the improvement of both strength and ductility over steel
containing low carbon content. 相似文献
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Hyo Kyung Sung Seok Su Sohn Sang Yong Shin Kyung Shik Oh Sunghak Lee 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2014,45(7):3036-3050
This study is concerned with effects of complex oxides on acicular ferrite (AF) formation, tensile and Charpy impact properties, and fracture toughness in heat affected zones (HAZs) of oxide-containing API X80 linepipe steels. Three steels were fabricated by adding Mg and O2 to form oxides, and various HAZ microstructures were obtained by conducting HAZ simulation tests under different heat inputs. The no. of oxides increased with increasing amount of Mg and O2, while the volume fraction of AF present in the steel HAZs increased with increasing the no. of oxides. The strengths of the HAZ specimens were generally higher than those of the base metals because of the formation of hard microstructures of bainitic ferrite and granular bainite. When the total Charpy absorbed energy was divided into the fracture initiation and propagation energies, the fracture initiation energy was maintained constant at about 75 J at room temperature, irrespective of volume fraction of AF. The fracture propagation energy rapidly increased from 75 to 150 J and saturated when the volume fraction of AF exceeded 30 pct. At 253 K (?20 °C), the total absorbed energy increased with increasing volume fraction of AF, as the cleavage fracture was changed to the ductile fracture when the volume fraction of AF exceeded 45 pct. Thus, 45 vol pct of AF at least was needed to improve the Charpy impact energy, which could be achieved by forming a no. of oxides. The fracture toughness increased with increasing the no. of oxides because of the increased volume fraction of AF formed around oxides. The fracture toughness did not show a visible correlation with the Charpy absorbed energy at room temperature, because toughness properties obtained from these two toughness testing methods had different significations in view of fracture mechanics. 相似文献
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Feng Xu Jinqiao Xu Yunyang Yin Chaochao Li Yun Ke Jiwei Hu Qian Xie Xiaofeng Zhang Zhenyi Huang 《国际钢铁研究》2023,94(10):2200923
Herein, the effect of molybdenum (Mo) and postrolling cooling processes on the mechanical properties and microstructure transformation characteristics of an X80 thick-wall high-strength pipeline steel are deeply investigated. The results reveal that the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel are enhanced with Mo addition at the equalization temperature of 480 °C at a cooling rate of 25 °C s−1, accompanied by the improvement in the yield ratio. However, when the postrolling cooling temperature is reduced to 380 °C, the mechanical properties of steels with Mo-free and 0.29 wt% Mo are comparable. The mechanistic study indicates that the Mo addition would inhibit the transformation from deformed austenite to polygonal ferrite, and promote the transformation of acicular ferrite/granular bainite at medium–low temperatures, as well as significant differences in the volume fraction, size, and morphology of martensite/austenite (M/A) in the matrix. Notably, the volume fraction of M/A decreases from 7.2% to less than 1.0% with Mo content increasing, while its average size also reduces from 1.5 to less than 1.0 μm. And the fine, spheroidal, and dispersed M/A is found to play a vital role in the high-strength and excellent low-temperature toughness of the steel. 相似文献
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Advanced high‐strength steels, like dual phase and TRIP steels, have gained much interest for automotive application. The complex microstructures in dual phase steels, and even more critical, the metastable microstructure in TRIP steels, do not follow the well‐established traditional microstructure‐property relationships for deep drawing steels. The volume fraction of the different phases, the phase distribution, and the stability of metastable phases influence significantly the forming potential. This paper discusses the correlation between different microstructural features and the mechanical properties. The tensile test properties of dual phase steels are governed by the martensite volume fraction, the martensite hardness and to a much smaller extent the martensite island diameter. Both in dual phase and more pronounced in TRIP steels the retained austenite content plays a vital role in determining the formability. The stability of the retained austenite can be described by different methods, it needs to be adjusted according to the forming temperature and the type and amount of strain. In general, multiphase steels require a very strict microstructure control in order to develop predictable forming behaviour. 相似文献