Effects of multiple threshold values for PN code acquisition inDS-CDMA systems

A decision method using multiple threshold value for PN code acquisition in DS-CDMA systems is describe. This technique is applied to a conventional hybrid search algorithm and analysis in terms of the probability of detection and false alarm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme in terms of detection probability because multiple threshold values mitigate any possible decline in performance caused by the used of a single threshold     

DMB-T传输系统中扩频码快速捕获研究

讨论了DMB-T传输系统中基于匹配滤波器的扩频码快速捕获算法,针对传统匹配滤波器占用硬件资源大的缺点,提出了一种新的多停顿捕获方案.新方案在匹配滤波器结构和算法上进行了优化,在原有硬件规模的基础上扩充了系统的捕获验证功能,降低了虚警概率,缩短了捕获时间.结合同步捕获系统框图分析了各个模块的功能和实现方法,并通过Modelsim仿真和FPGA硬件平台测试,验证了方案的可行性和先进性.     

扩频通信系统中一种改进的快速编码捕捉方法

针对扩频通信系统中传统的滑动相关捕捉法对于较长的刚码序列编码捕捉时间较长的问题，提出了一种改进的编码捕捉方法，该方法采用三条相同支路同时搜索的方式来实现PN码的快速捕捉，不仅不受PN码长度限制，而且电路实现简单，可以有效的降低虚警概率。理论分析和仿真实验均表明：提出的改进方法大大缩短了系统的捕捉时间。     

伪码FFT快捕恒虚警门限的研究

FFT捕获是伪码快速捕获的主要方式,伪随机码FFT快捕属于二元信号检测。通过相关输出最大相关值和门限比较来搜索伪码相位,这种情况下虚警捕获门限不能根据每个随机变量的分布来确定,而要根据最大值分布来确定门限。针对这一问题,推导了包络检波和平方检波伪随机码频域快捕恒虚警门限,并进行了仿真,验证了结论的正确性。     

Acquisition of PN code with adaptive threshold for DS/SScommunications

An adaptive acquisition scheme of PN sequences is presented for DS/SS communications. The basic idea of the scheme is to apply the radar CFAR technique to the acquisition of PN sequences. The detection performance is analysed and an example of adaptive thresholding for multipath Rayleigh fading channels is given     

Parallel code acquisition technique for preamble search in the CDMAreverse link

A parallel PN code acquisition technique for slotted-mode preamble search in a CDMA reverse link is presented. For received PN codes with different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), this scheme provides a sub-optimal threshold value such that the mean acquisition time is minimised     

Adaptive PN code acquisition using instantaneous power-scaled detection threshold under Rayleigh fading and pulsed Gaussian noise jamming

An adaptive serial search pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition scheme is proposed, in which the detection threshold is scaled by the instantaneous received power measured prior to PN code correlation. We observe that the proposed scheme achieves significantly improved mean acquisition times compared to the conventional nonadaptive schemes under Rayleigh fading and pulsed Gaussian noise jamming. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is shown to be optimum under pulsed Gaussian noise jamming in the sense that it forces the worst case jamming fraction to unity.     

基于噪声功率估计的抗窄带干扰接收机自适应PN码捕获技术

在存在强窄带干扰条件下,正确实现伪码捕获是抗干扰接收机的关键技术之一。变换域干扰检测与PN码捕获判决都需要估计接收机背景噪声功率,本文在变换域谱线幅度平方服从指数分布假设下,利用中位数估计理论对存在窄带干扰接收信号的背景噪声功率进行估计,实现干扰检测门限和PN码捕获判决门限的自适应设置。仿真结果表明,文中设计的检测装置可实现强窄带干扰、大动态范围接收机PN码的正确捕获。     

低信噪比下超长PN码的快速捕获技术

直扩系统中,为了硬件实现上的简便,PN码的捕获一般都采用串行搜索的方法。但当PN码很长时,由于要搜索的相位点很多,串行搜索法将使捕获时间过长。并且当信噪比较低时,会有较高的虚警概率。这些都会使系统的捕获性能下降。文献[6]针对长码提出了分布采样的快速捕获方案(DSA)。本文就此提出了改进,利用积累使之能够适应低达-50dB的低信噪比环境。仿真结果表明,改进后的算法改善了原算法在极低信噪比下的性能,降低了平均捕获时间。     

基于DS扩频信号的自适应门限双积分滑动相关捕获算法

提出了一种基于直接序列扩频信号的双积分滑动相关捕获算法,同时使用两组相关器联合进行码相位的捕获,捕获的门限采用CAFR(常虚警率)自适应控制方式。文中给出了这个捕获方案的数学模型,并进行了具体分析。实验表明,利用FPGA实现这种捕获算法,不仅具有较高的性价比,而且衡量PN码捕获的最关键指标——平均捕获时间也大大少于常规捕获方法。     

高动态突发扩频通信中伪码和多普勒频移的快速捕获

在高动态突发扩频通信系统中,要求接收机在很短时间内实现伪码和多普勒频移的快速捕获。目标的高速运动使接收机基带信号中存在较大的多普勒频移。针对伪随机序列相关峰的多普勒频移敏感特性,分析了多普勒频移对伪码捕获和数据解调的影响,提出了采用单通道匹配滤波进行伪码捕获,采用三通道并行相关器搜索多普勒频移的接收机捕获方案。该方案可有效减少硬件资源消耗,同时缩短捕获时间。     

PN code acquisition for DS-CDMA systems employing smart antennas .II

For pt. I see IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. A smart antenna, i.e., a blind adaptive antenna array, has attracted much attention to improve the capacity of a future code-division multiple-access wireless communications system. It has been demonstrated that there is significant improvement in data demodulation through lab simulations and field experiments by employing a smart antenna of multiple elements. However, only one element is used for the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process, which is a coarse PN code synchronization prior to data demodulation. This paper proposes a simple and practical PN code acquisition scheme, which employs all elements in the smart antenna. Also, this paper uses an adaptive threshold for the PN code acquisition. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the PN code acquisition performance, e.g., the PN code acquisition time will be half as long by employing five elements rather than the single element at a given bit-energy-to-interference power spectral density ratio.     

Rapid acquisition of PN sequences with a new decision logic

In this paper, a fast acquisition scheme of pseudonoise (PN) sequences for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems is proposed. The scheme exploits a new decision logic not only to estimate chip values, but also to check the reliability of the chip estimates. As a result, the internal state of a PN sequence generator is estimated more accurately. We derive the probability of finding a correct state estimate and show that the proposed scheme can reduce the average number of chips for acquisition when compared with the conventional scheme. It is also shown that the performance improvement is more noticeable in the moderate signal-to-noise-ratio range.     

低轨卫星扩频系统中的PN码混合并行捕获技术研究

以低轨卫星信道多普勒特性为背景,给出一种适用于大频偏条件下突发通信系统直接扩频序列混合并行捕获结构,并以门限信噪比下平均捕获时间最小为设计目标,对检测积分时间和判决门限设置进行讨论,给出最优配置方案。     

采用多相关峰值的PN码频域匹配滤波捕获实现方法

现有的伪噪声(PN)码捕获算法大多是基于相关峰值进行门限判决,而捕获性能依赖于门限实时估计的正确性。针对这种情况,该文提出了一种利用多次PN码相关峰值位置间的相互关系进行判决的算法,避免了对信道噪声的实时估计,并给出了基于频域匹配滤波的实现方法和算法复杂度分析,推导了所提算法的检测概率和虚警概率,并且使用计算机仿真验证了推导结果的正确性;结果表明,所提算法避免了噪声估计的开销,增强了PN码捕获的鲁棒性,提高了捕获性能,适合工程应用。      

Correlation-aided distributed sample acquisition scheme for fast and robust code synchronization in cellular DS-CDMA systems

We introduce a correlation-aided distributed sample acquisition (CDSA)-based intercell synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system for enhancing the robustness of the previously proposed distributed sample acquisition (DSA)-based system. The CDSA system incorporates the state symbol correlation process in the existing DSA process to maintain the fast acquisition performance even under very poor channel environment. For its realization, each CDSA-based mobile station stores in its memory a period of the possible state symbol sequences, which are determined by the long-period scrambling PN sequences used in the system and the sampling time parameters for the state samples. In the first stage of the synchronization procedure, the mobile station (MS) attempts to acquire the psuedo noise (PN) sequence by taking the comparison-correction based synchronization approach of the original DSA scheme. However, if it cannot acquire the synchronization until it collects a predetermined number of state symbols (e.g., a period of the state symbol sequence), then the MS determines the PN sequence timing by correlating the received symbol sequence with each shift of the prestored state symbol sequences. Performance analysis and simulation results reveal strong robustness of the CDSA-based system in low-signal-to-noise ratio, fading, and large frequency-offset channels.     

PN码最优捕获门限设置方法

基于二级驻留搜索策略提出了一种最优PN码捕获门限的设计方法,并分析了其主要性能。根据Gini指标进行门限值的设置。此门限设置采用最小决策树的思想,对数据进行分类学习,在获得最小Gini指标时的划分点即是最优捕获门限。此方法的最大优势是在较短的驻留时间内提高捕获概率。理论分析和仿真结果表明:此方法在获得最优捕获门限的同时,可获得最小捕获时间。     

PN acquisition for DS/SS using a preloop parallel binary search phase estimator and a closed-loop selective search subsystem

An acquisition method of long pseudo-noise (PN) sequences in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems is presented. The concurrent cross correlation of locally generated auxiliary signals with the incoming PN sequence produces binary search estimates leading to an initial approximation of the input signal's PN offset. The PN receiver then uses a closed-loop subsystem to determine the true offset of the incoming PN signal. New phase estimates are generated from successive corrections of likely errors in the binary search. The acquisition scheme's average acquisition time and its variance are analytically determined. Simulation results show that the proposed acquisition scheme is faster than the conventional serial receiver. A hybrid serial/parallel PN acquisition receiver is used for comparing the acquisition performance given similar hardware complexity. The hybrid receiver used the same number of parallel correlators as used in the proposed receiver's input phase estimator. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides an improved performance under normal operating conditions.     

Generalized Analysis for the Evaluation of Search Strategy Effects on PN Acquisition Performance

Pseudonoise (PN) coding may be incorporated into the signal structure of a communication system for a variety of reasons. Once present, the PN code must be appropriately acquired before it can be tracked by the receiver. Toward this end various acquisition schemes have been proposed. These schemes include combinations of predetection/postdetection processing and code search strategies. With regard to the latter, a uniform search over the entire code uncertainty region would be undertaken in the absence of a priori epoch information. In the presence of such information a more sophisticated scheme, which may generally be termed an "expanding window search," would tend to reduce acquisition time. The present paper focuses on uniform and expanding window search strategies with the goal of analytically developing the PN acquisition time statistics as functions of salient system parameters such as predetection SNR, detection and false alarm probabilities, false alarm penalty time, and a priori information on epoch location. The significance of this analysis is its general applicability to arbitrary postdetection processing schemes-e.g., fixed dwell and sequential detection. Computed performance results account for the above salient parameters, wherein sequential detection is employed in conjunction with uniform and selected expanding window search strategies. Performance curves demonstrate the utility of the analysis and provide intuitive insight into performance sensitivity to search strategy.     

一种改进的短波高速串行信号检测算法

文章对短波高速串行信号的相关检测进行分析.首先分析了固定门限判决和自适应门限判决,在此基础上综合二者提出固定门限与自适应门限相结合的混合门限判决方法.经过仿真实验表明,该混合门限算法综合了固定门限与自适应门限的优点,在短波信道下低信噪比时综合性能有较大改善.