某速冻冷库制冷系统的解决方案及故障分析

本文以馄饨速冻实际工程为例,介绍了速冻冷库制冷系统的解决方案。并对系统运行的故障进行了分析。文中的双级配打制冷系统、故障处理及调试数据为今后速冻冷库制冷系统的正常运行提供了借鉴。     

冷库制冷系统设计要点

介绍冷库制冷系统的设计要点,主要包括制冷系统选择,如制冷剂的选择、制冷系统形式的选择、制冷压缩机组的选择、供液形式的选择等,制冷系统回油技术及制冷系统压力管道材质选择,以供冷库制冷工艺设计人员参考。     

使用地热能的吸收式制冷系统

吸收式制冷系统可以利用低品位的热源来制冷，相对于常见的蒸汽压缩式制冷系统而言在这方面具有优势。我国是一个地热资源很丰富的国家，为了充分利用这一资源，我们有必要对以地热为热源的吸收式制冷系统进行研究。本文着重分析了使用地热资源的溴化锂吸收式制冷系统。     

超市展示柜中应用R404A/R744复叠制冷系统的理论分析

提出了一种可以应用于超市展示柜中的R404A/R744复叠制冷系统,该系统以R404A作为高温级制冷剂,以R744作为低温及制冷剂.并通过对该系统和R22制冷系统进行热力学性能和压缩机输气系数的计算和比较.研究表明:在蒸发温度和冷凝温度固定的情况下,存在一个最佳中间温度使系统的性能系数最大:R404A/R744复叠制冷系统的性能系数和R22制冷系统基本相当,而复叠系统的压缩机输气系数明显高于单级制冷系统.     

CO_2载冷剂氨双级压缩制冷系统及其性能分析

针对氨制冷系统在实际应用中存在安全隐患的问题,总结提高系统安全性的方法和途径,介绍以CO2为载冷剂的半封闭式氨制冷系统的组成及其应用。对以CO2为载冷剂的氨双级压缩制冷系统性能进行理论计算与对比分析,结果表明：在蒸发温度为-50~-30℃范围内,与NH3/CO2复叠式制冷系统相比,CO2载冷剂氨双级压缩制冷系统的EER约高5.7%~10.8%。     

制冷系统的经济评价及其优化设计

本文对制冷系统进行了经济评价并提出了制冷系统优化设计的目标函数即总费用方程。分析了蒸发器传热温差时制冷系统总费用的影响并进行了制冷系统的优化设计。     

微型制冷系统研究进展

得益于制造技术的进步和传热传质理论的发展完善,制冷系统不断向小型化、便携化发展,近年来出现了不少形式的微型制冷系统。本文介绍了3种主要的微型制冷系统:蒸气压缩制冷、吸收式制冷和半导体制冷系统。结合近年来国内外文献,介绍了制冷系统微型化的最新发展状况,并对各种系统的优缺点进行对比,重点介绍了微型蒸气压缩制冷系统及其核心部件—微型压缩机的发展现状。最后论述了制约制冷系统微型化的瓶颈问题,提出了微型制冷系统的发展方向。     

太阳能吸收式制冷系统概述

介绍了太阳能吸收式制冷系统的发展和现状,分析了太阳能吸收式制冷系统的特点,并与吸附式、电动压缩式制冷系统进行了比较,对不同的研究工作进行了归纳总结,最后展望了太阳能吸收式制冷系统未来的发展方向。     

自然工质在小型超市制冷系统中应用的理论分析

本文对低温级以CO2为工质的超市复叠式制冷系统进行了热力学理论分析,计算了不同蒸发温度、冷凝温度和不同传热温差下的COP,并与传统的超市复叠制冷循环进行对比分析。结果发现自然工质CO2／NH,复叠制冷系统的性能效率为最好,而R290／CO2复叠制冷系统的COP与使用传统工质的相当。因此,将自然环保工质复叠式制冷系统应用于小型超市具有很好的应用前景。     

不同热负荷下微通道冷凝器的运行特性

以R404A为制冷剂,对冷库内不同热负荷条件下的微通道冷凝器的特性及对制冷系统COP的影响进行了研究,并将其与常规冷凝器的特性以及制冷系统的COP进行比较。结果表明,在一定的的制冷剂充注量下,微通道冷凝器的出口压力随着热负荷的增大而增大,但是其进出口温度基本保持不变;在制冷系统中,和常规的冷凝器制冷系统相比,微通道冷凝器制冷系统具有更小的进出口温度,并且进出口温差也小,同时COP相应地高出50%。     

Similarity solutions for slender dry patches with thermocapillarity

The lubrication approximation is used to investigate slender dry patches in an infinitely wide film of viscous fluid flowing steadily on an inclined plane that is either heated or cooled relative to the surrounding atmosphere. Four non-isothermal situations in which thermocapillary effects play a significant role are considered.Similarity solutions describing a thermocapillary-driven flow with a dry patch that is widening or narrowing due to either gravitational or surface-tension effects on a non-uniformly heated or cooled substrate are obtained, and examples of these solutions, when the substrate temperature gradient depends on the longitudinal coordinate according to a general power law, are presented. When gravitational effects are strong, the solution contains a free parameter, and for each value of this parameter there is a unique solution representing both a narrowing pendent dry patch and a widening sessile dry patch, whose transverse profile has a monotonically increasing shape. When surface-tension effects are strong, the solution also contains a free parameter, and for each value of this parameter there is both a unique solution representing a narrowing dry patch, whose transverse profile has a monotonically increasing shape, and a one-parameter family of solutions representing a widening dry patch, whose transverse profile has a capillary ridge near the contact line and decays in an oscillatory manner far from it.Similarity solutions are also obtained for both a gravity-driven and a constant-surface-shear-stress-driven flow with a dry patch that is widening or narrowing due to thermocapillarity on a uniformly heated or cooled substrate. The solutions in both cases contain a free parameter, and for each value of this parameter there is a unique solution representing both a narrowing dry patch on a heated substrate and a widening dry patch on a cooled substrate, whose transverse profile has a monotonically increasing shape.     

摩擦调节剂抑制钢轨波磨的机理研究

基于轮轨之间的摩擦耦合自激振动引起钢轨波磨的观点,论文建立了车辆稳态通过小半径曲线时由轮对－钢轨－轨枕组成的轮轨系统有限元弹性振动摩擦自激振动有限元模型,用ABAQUS软件对该模型的运动稳定性进行了分析,重点研究了轮轨摩擦系数和蠕滑力-蠕滑率曲线负斜率对轮轨系统摩擦自激振动的影响。计算结果显示,轮轨摩擦系数对轮轨摩擦自激振动有重要影响,当控制摩擦系数 时可以消除钢轨磨耗型波磨,蠕滑力-蠕滑率曲线负斜率对钢轨波磨有显著影响。     

Developing a product–service system through a productisation strategy: a case from the 3PL industry

A Product–Service System (PSS) is created by combing a tangible product and an intangible service into one integrated offering. Thus, a PSS can be achieved by a production company adding intangible services to a product using a servitisation strategy or by a service company adding a tangible product to a service by means of a productisation strategy. The focus of this paper is on the latter. Our work demonstrates a significant gap in the literature in this area. To address this, we adapt an existing PSS conceptual framework as a means to identify the driving and restraining forces considered by a service company as it explored the possibility of pursuing a PSS productisation strategy. The conceptual framework is applied in an exploratory case study with a 3PL service provider. Application of the framework reveals new driving and restraining forces not previously discussed in the literature. Furthermore, it allows a preliminary quantification of the driving and restraining forces using a force field analysis approach. Our work contributes towards the expansion of the empirical knowledge base in the area of PSS.     

Pd-C高温共晶点复现装置研制

主要针对Pd-C高温共晶点复现装置的组成进行介绍,其中包括复现用高温均热炉炉体、温度控制系统、真空泵、充气保护装置、水冷系统、复现用的石墨坩埚、二等B型标准热电偶和Pt-Pd热电偶等。针对石墨坩埚的灌注和共晶点复现过程进行了描述,根据复现的试验数据进行了相应的分析。     

A general expression for an area integral of a point-wise J for a curved crack front

The expression for the J-integral at a point on a three-dimensional crack front, obtained from a surface independent integral, is in general a sum of a contour integral and an area integral. In this work a general expression of an area integral for a crack with a curved front is derived in curvilinear coordinates. In certain situations the area integral vanishes and previously known cases are a straight crack front in plane stress or plane strain. The general conditions for a vanishing area integral are studied. It is shown that the area integral is non-zero for cracks with a curved front in the direction of crack extension. Some examples of curved cracks are given, for which the area integral vanishes and that are of interest in practice.     

Theoretical analysis of low-temperature hot source driven two-stage LiBr/H2O absorption refrigeration system

A detailed theoretical analysis is presented for a two-stage LiBr/H₂O absorption refrigeration system, which consists of an evaporator, a low-pressure absorber, a low-pressure generator, a high-pressure absorber, a high-pressure generator, a condenser, a low-pressure heat exchanger and a high-pressure heat exchanger, driven by a low-temperature hot source. A comparison of results from the theoretical analysis and preliminary experiment indicates that the theoretical analysis developed can represent a real system with a reasonable accuracy, and is useful for future development.     

Tunable dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser at 1.8 μm region using spatial-mode beating

This study describes a proposal and experimental demonstration of a tunable thulium-doped fiber laser with a multi-wavelength output operating at 1.8 μm. The introduction of a multi-mode non-adiabatic taper fiber into a single-mode cavity induces spatial-mode beating and a consequent narrow band filter mechanism. The fiber laser can be tuned by changing the state of the polarization in a ring cavity via adjustment of a polarization controller. The resulting outputs for single and dual wavelengths with different spacing are reported in detail.     

The substitution of R134a with R744: An exergetic analysis based on experimental data

This paper deals with the problem of R314a substitution with a natural refrigerant fluid. A comparison is performed between R134a and R744 (CO₂). R134a is a hydrofluorocarbon with a large direct warming impact (GWP), whereas the R744 contribution is negligible. A comparative exergetic analysis, carried out with experimental tests, has been presented. This paper compares a commercial R134a refrigeration plant and a prototype R744 system working in a trans-critical cycle. Based on the experimental data an exergetic analysis has been carried out on the overall plant and on each device. The overall exergetic performances of the classical vapour compression plant working with R134a are consistently better than that of R744 (from a minimum of 20 to a maximum of 44%). The performance of the individual components of the plant has been analyzed, in order to pinpoint those contributing most to the decrease in the exergetic performance of R744.     

Non-linear predictive control of a vapour compression cycle

A potential energy saving can be obtained by a global optimal setting of each actuator in a vapour compression cycle. This paper describes a predictive optimal control algorithm applying this strategy. At each step, an optimal command profile is computed, upon predictions of variables system evolution, using a simple non-linear model of a vapour compression cycle. Choice of this profile is based on a multiple criterion including cycle efficiency and technological constraints. The approach is experimentally validated on a pilot scale refrigeration plant with variable speed compressor. Trials have been performed and showed a meaningful energy saving.     

低爆速炸药中密度调节剂的优选

通常在猛炸药中加入一定量的密度调节剂可制得低爆速炸药,密度调节剂可为带微孔物质或轻质微粉颗粒。本文通过试验研究,对几种常见的密度调节剂对于猛炸药的稀释能力进行对比分析,从中优选出具有较强稀释能力的材料,为低爆速炸药配方研究提供借鉴。