聚乳酸纤维分散染料染色工艺的研究

本文主要研究了聚乳酸纤维用分散染料的染色工艺染料在高于7n℃时上色，在100～110℃上染率达到最大，上染率随时间延长而增加，30分钟达到平衡；染浴的pH在3～7时对纤维的损伤较小，浴比对上染率影响较小，pH值上升．纤维强度随之降低，选择适合的染色助剂可提高上染率。     

我国涤纶超细纤维专用分散染料的发展现状和市场分析

介绍了我国涤纶超细纤维及其纺织产品的发展概况以及涤纶超细纤维用分散染料的发展情况,分析了我国涤纶超细纤维专用分散染料的市场现状,对我国今后5年的涤纶超细纤维用分散染料市场发展进行了预测.     

聚乳酸纤维的染色性能（二）

聚乳酸纤维(PLA)是一种可生物降解的新型化学纤维,将会在纺织纤维市场占据一定的份额.该文介绍了聚乳酸纤维的各项物理性能和染色性能,重点介绍了适用于该纤维染色的分散染料的品种、结构、染色性能和光牢度性能.     

聚乳酸纤维的染色性能

用9只不同结构的分散染料对聚乳酸纤维(PLA)进行染色，结果发现，对结晶度50%的PLA，有两只染料的上色率超过60％；对结晶度21％的PLA，有4只染料的上色率超过60%。用12只偶氮染料和13只蒽醌染料染成1／1标准浓度的PLA织物，其光褪色机理和影响因素与聚酯纤维和醋酸纤维相同，但褪色速度较快，耐晒牢度要差1—2级；PLA纤维染色应选用高浓度、高耐晒牢度的中温型分散染料。碱性溶液会引起PLA织物水解，60℃以上水解速度加快。     

聚乳酸纤维的染色性能（一）

聚乳酸纤维(PLA)是一种可生物降解的新型化学纤维，将会在纺织纤维市场占据一定的份额。该文介绍了聚乳酸纤维的各项物理性能和染色性能，重点介绍了适用于该纤维染色的分散染料的品种、结构、染色性能和光牢度性能。     

国产聚乳酸纤维热学性能测试分析

通过热失重(TG)及差示扫描量热分析(DSC),对聚乳酸纤维与涤纶的热学性能进行对比测试,同时还测试了聚乳酸纤维的热收缩率和极限氧指数.结果表明:随着温度升高,聚乳酸纤维的TG-DTG曲线有2个失重台阶,在330℃左右开始热分解,主失重温度约为360℃;聚乳酸纤维的DSC曲线呈现出双熔融峰,较低熔融峰为161.6 ℃,较高熔融峰为169.9℃;聚乳酸纤维的沸水收缩率和干热空气收缩率分别为12％和4.5％;聚乳酸纤维的极限氧指数为27％.     

分散染料在PBT纤维上染色性能研究

在国外,PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯)纤维的研制工作起始于七十年代后期,八十年代进入国际市场。其弹性仅次于氨纶,高于锦纶高弹丝。用PBT纤维制成服装可适应身体的屈伸,穿着舒适,故已广泛地适用于工业和民用产品。近几年来PBT纤维在世界上迅速发展,产量不断提高。我国于1984年也开始PBT纤维的研制工作,其中以上海合纤所为开发较早、开发面广并迅速扩大为工业化生产的单位。为了加速我国PBT纤维的生产,尽快发展和扩大应用,有必要对PBT织物的染色性能进行研究。     

氨纶分散染料染色的吸附等温线和机理研究

分散染料是氨纶染色的理想染料,它具有较高的上染率和较好的染色牢度。本文分别在两个温度下测试C.I.分散红60染氨纶的平衡吸附等温线,并且分析其吸附机理。     

Photodecomposition of Aminoanthraquinone Disperse Dyes on Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The rapid fading on polyester fibres of certain blue anthraquinone disperse dyes under normal conditions of exposure is due to the ease of photochemical de-alkylation of their substituted-amino groups. The products of the photoelimination reaction for a series of dyes have been identified, and a mechanism for the reaction is proposed. The higher photochemical stability of these dyes on cellulose acetate and nylon is perhaps due to hydrogen bonding of the alkylamino groups to the polymer. The influence of wavelength of irradiation, oxygen, moisture and the physical structure of the polymer is discussed.     

Branched Poly(ethyleneterephthalate)

Abstract

Several batches of branched poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) of varying degrees of branching were prepared, using common PET monomers and special branching monomers synthesized by us. For the purpose of originality the trifunctional branch points currently employed by various industrial manufacturers were avoided and only tetra-, hexa- and octa-functional branching monomers were created and incorporated into the PET chains. The combination of intrinsic viscosity (I.V.) and light scattering measurements indicates that, as expected, higher functionality branchpoint monomers are more effective branching agents than their lower functionality analogues, and the molecular weight within each series of branched PET increases with increasing concentration of branching residues. Increasing amounts of microgels appear in the preparations as the concentration increases of effective branchpoint residues in the branched PET.     

The Light Fastness of Anthraquinone Disperse Dyes on Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The I.S.O. light-fastness grades of thirty-two anthraquinone disperse dyes on polyester fabric have been determined. High light fastness is exhibited by the 1- and 1,4-hydroxy derivatives and 1- or 1,4-sub-stituted amino derivatives possessing N-substituted electron-withdrawing groups. The 1- and 2-methoxyanthraquinones, 2-hydroxyanthraquinones and all the 2-amino derivatives examined, on the other hand, have poor light fastness. The high light stability of the 1-hydroxy- and 1-anilinoanthraquinones may be due to rapid de-activation of their photo-excited singlet states, while the poor light fastness of the 2-aminoanthraquinones is probably due to their ability to abstract electrons from their environment.     

Synthesis of Poly(∊-caprolactam) and Poly(ethyleneterephthalate) Star Polymers

Abstract

Two kinds of condensation-polymerization star polymers were prepared. One kind is star nylon-6 and the other is star PET. In both star polymers the arms are flexible and the cores are rigid aromatic fractal polyamides (FPs). The FPs are porous and of size comparable to the size of the flexible arms of the stars. The FPs are decorated with reactive sites appropriate for the grafting or growing of star arms. In the case of star nylon-6, two preparation methods are described: grafting of pre-existing nylon chains onto FPs, and growing nylon-6 arms from the FPs by polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of FPs. In the case of star PET, grafting of pre-existing PET chains was employed in order to create the star polymers. Various characterization techniques indicated that in the grafted star polymers up to 10 arms could be attached to each FP core. The results indicate, however, that fine control of the star formaton was not achieved yet. The required conditions to reach this target are spelled out.     

聚乳酸的化学合成与应用

简述了近年来聚乳酸(PLA)尤其是聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)的化学合成方法(缩合聚合和开环聚合)及其结构与性能,并对这类材料的应用和发展作了展望。     

双螺杆反应挤出法制备聚乳酸的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机将低摩尔质量的乳酸预聚物在挤出机上进一步缩聚,制备出较高摩尔质量的聚乳酸。研究了反应挤出温度、催化剂用量及螺杆转速等因素对该缩聚反应的影响。结果表明,当反应温度为150℃,催化剂用量为0．5％,螺杆转速为75r／min时,聚乳酸的摩尔质量能得到最大程度的提高。DSC分析表明,采用该法制得的聚乳酸的结晶度有所降低。     

Review of Multifarious Applications of Poly (Lactic Acid)

Poly (lactic acid) is considered to be a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers due to its renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties. Because of the high cost, the applications of poly (lactic acid) were limited to the medical field. Over the past decade, improvements in polymerization allow the economical mass production of high molecular weight poly (lactic acid). Therefore, the applications of poly (lactic acid) have recently spread to domestic, commercial packaging, and textile applications. This review outlines the chemical, thermal characteristics of poly (lactic acid) and discusses the use of poly (lactic acid) in medical applications such as sutures, stents, drug carrier, orthopaedic devices, scaffolds, as well as commercial applications in textile and packaging fields with superior properties such as high wicking performance, good dyeability, antibacterial feature, good ultraviolet resistance, high water vapor transmission rates, shrink wrapping, and dead fold property. While the drawbacks of poly (lactic acid) utilized in these fields are also discussed. It is clear that the advantages of using poly (lactic acid) outlined in this review will ensure that the market for poly (lactic acid) products will continue to expand.     

聚乳酸阻燃改性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚乳酸( PLA)阻燃改性的研究进展,对磷系、氮系、硅系、膨胀型阻燃体系,无机及纳米粉体等各种环保型阻燃体系在PLA中的应用情况进行探讨,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

聚癸二酸丙三醇丁二醇酯/聚乳酸共混物的制备和性能表征

以1,4-丁二醇(B),丙三醇(G)和癸二酸(S)通过熔融缩聚合成新型聚酯改性剂聚癸二酸丙三醇丁二醇酯(PGBS),并制备了PGBS/PLA共混物.用FTIR、1H-NMR、DSC、SEM分别表征了PGBS的分子结构及共混物的热性能、相形貌,同时对其力学性能和亲水性进行研究.结果表明:PGBS和PLA是部分相容的;G含量为0时,PGBS对PLA的结晶促进作用明显.随G含量增加,PGBS能很好地提高PLA的断裂伸长率和冲击强度;共混物的亲水性亦随G含量增加有明显提高.     

聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸及其在药物载体中的应用

综述了聚乙二醇改性聚乳酸及其端基化的制备方法,介绍了聚乙二醇-聚乳酸嵌段共聚物作为药物载体的研究进展,并对今后的研究进行了展望.