The effect of neighbourhood on rodent communities: an example from Pampean agroecosystems

Pampean region agroecosystems are devoted to agricultural and farming activities, but in the crop field matrix there are relicts of remnant natural habitats. Poultry farms mainly harbour commensal species as house mice and rats, which are rarely present in surrounding habitats. We assessed if neighbourhood to poultry farms affect the presence of Mus musculus in crop fields and their borders, and if rodent community in poultry farms is influenced by the species present in surrounding crop fields and borders. We found that habitat had a significant effect on the abundance of M. musculus. This species showed higher abundance in poultry farms than in crop field borders. Calomys laucha was the unique native species that was captured in farm sheds. We found higher abundance of native species in crop field borders than in crop fields independent of the proximity to the poultry farms. We conclude that rodent communities in poultry farms are little influenced by the surroundings, and show a dominance of M. musculus independently of the presence of native rodent species in neighbour habitats. On the other hand, farms do not export M. musculus to surrounding habitats, and borders only function as corridors for dispersal among farms, while crop fields are rarely used.     

Participation in neighbourhood regeneration: achievements of residents in a Dutch disadvantaged neighbourhood

Despite the fact that resident participation has become central to the Dutch policy discourse on ‘good’ urban planning, it is unclear to what degree new participation mechanisms have created opportunities for residents to actually influence neighbourhood governance and contribute to the improvement of their neighbourhood. This paper explores how residents in the neighbourhood of Transvaal (Amsterdam) have been involved in regeneration since 1999. Although residents have been successful in putting everyday concerns about safety on the agenda and contributed to small-scale improvements of public space, they were unable to contribute to regeneration plans at the scale of the neighbourhood, in particular strategic decisions about state-led gentrification.     

Housing at the neighbourhood level: a review of the initial approaches to neighbourhood development plans under the Localism Act 2011 in England

The Localism Act 2011 created an opportunity for local communities to form neighbourhood forums and to prepare their own neighbourhood development plans in urban and rural areas in England. Initial reactions suggested that, rather than leading to the development of more housing, these initiatives would confirm all the stereotypes of local residents blocking unwanted development in their defined neighbourhoods. However, neighbourhood plans need to be in general conformity with the core strategies of higher-tier plans and often make provision for more new homes than planned before 2011. This article discusses the role and purpose of neighbourhood plans, the evidence base on which they are founded and some of the legal challenges which have helped clarify procedures. It then identifies two types of plan based on the ways housing strategies and evidence of need are reflected in a sample of 10 plans which have been made to date. It concludes that the voluntary nature of localism to date tends to favour more rural and affluent areas and ends with an assessment of the impact of neighbourhood plans on the planning process. It suggests that the implications for spatial planning may be far-reaching.     

Experiential Landscape Place: an exploration of space and experience in neighbourhood landscape architecture

Research suggests that the experience of open spaces routinely encountered is important to human quality of life. However, in their design decision making, landscape architects may not give this the level of attention it deserves. A potential response is explored by drawing from elements of environmental psychology research, socially responsive approaches to urban planning and design, and spatial concepts developed by Christian Norberg-Schulz. A range of experience, related to how people attach significance to certain locations, orientate themselves, and develop awareness of their home ground, is conceptualized spatially to propose a conceptual framework which has the potential to augment landscape architectural approaches to the neighbourhood environment.     

The paradox of urban preservation: balancing permanence and changeability in old Muslim cities

Preservation policies, generally based on the intervention of the state, protective regulations, and the freezing of permissible building alterations, often stand in contradiction to the incremental process that generates cities and buildings. Considering the urban dynamics that characterise Muslim cities, including population growth, rural migration, urban poverty, and the informal economy, such preservation policies are becoming increasingly obsolete. This article aims at presenting a compromise approach to urban preservation that is based on a balance between the two opposite, yet complementary terms: permanence and changeability. A classification of urban components into permanent and changeable would enable policymakers to establish action plans for urban preservation according to priorities and the availability of funds, thus helping to ensure urban sustainability.     

论当代中国体育建筑的发展

介绍了中国体育建筑的发展状况，从体育建筑的萌芽期、成长期、发展期、成熟期、高潮期等方面进行了论述，提出了中国体育建筑的发展方向。     

The adventures of the French architect Michel Ecochard in post-independence Dakar: a transnational development expert drifting between commitment and expediency

After many countries gained independence from the 1960s onwards, both continuity and change characterised development planning in the former African colonies. While new bi-lateral and multi-lateral development organisations emerged on the scene, other bi-lateral development agencies maintained their colonial functioning. In either case, independence and the subsequent increase in development projects opened up new opportunities within the domain of architecture and urban planning for architects to expand geographically their professional practice towards Africa as development experts. Whilst most authors focus on the way the transnational practice and geo-political framework of development experts affected their architectural and urban designs in the Global South, by looking at the work of the French architect Michel Ecochard in Dakar (Senegal) from 1963 to 1967 within the framework of the French Fonds d'Aide et de Coopération (FAC), I will explore to what degree the individual agenda and ambitions of development experts determined the outcome as well as the process of development projects. Hence, this paper illustrates that just as the high-level development plans of many development agencies were balanced between altruism and economic, cultural and political interests, the work of development experts also fluctuated intensely between social commitment and personal expedience. In this paper architecture and urban planning will thus be used to gain a more nuanced understanding of the mechanisms and logics of development planning, a topic which is still relevant today.     

The spatial dimensions of neighbourhood: how older people define it

This paper seeks to develop our understanding of neighbourhood boundaries, as defined by older people. Using interview and mapping methods, research revealed the significance of three factors ? built-form pattern, spatial distribution of the social networks and personal attributes ? as contributing to how older people define their neighbourhood boundaries. Research findings highlighted discrepancies between residents’ perceived neighbourhood boundaries and the statistical unit used as the neighbourhood proxy in most neighbourhood-related research. The findings suggested that the statistical information about the neighbourhood effects on older people does not necessarily reflect the lived experience of older people in their perceived neighbourhood.     

The other disadvantaged neighbourhood: income related effects of living in rural peripheries

Abstract

In this article, we argue that similarly to the literature on urban neighbourhood effects, the idea of disadvantaging residential environment can be used to explain the socio-economic disadvantage of residents in rural peripheries. We present arguments as to why it is appropriate to consider the effects of the residential environment in a micro-regional perspective and outside of metropolitan areas. These effects are empirically analysed using income related data from the Czech Republic. We ask whether income is negatively affected by housing in peripheral micro-regions. The results confirm that the concept of residential disadvantage is also relevant in rural areas, and that in the Czech Republic residence in remote rural areas with limited educational levels and a high concentration of low-pay jobs has negative yet weak contextual effects, whereas increased levels of deprivation and social exclusion, typical also of many urban regions, are not decisive. A stronger negative impact of living in peripheries has been found on higher-skilled workers and women.     

Dabaodao: the planning,development, and transformation of a Chinese (German) neighbourhood

Dabaodao is an old city district located in the heart of the historical centre of Qingdao (north-eastern China). It was created over 100 years ago as a segregated ‘Chinese town’ under German colonial rule. This article embarks upon a journey into the past, reviewing the continuity and change of Dabaodao and its courtyard-style houses known as Liyuan over last century of socio-political turmoil. It discusses how they have evolved and transformed under different city administrations, beginning from the early colonial years, to the Republican era, the Maoist years, all the way into the reform period. Specifically, the article illustrates how city-planning, laws, and regulations as well as a general urban development ideology during one time period conditioned and shaped those of following periods, eventually turning Dabaodao into what it is today: a dilapidated and poor inner-city neighbourhood with an uncertain future whose historical significance and preservation value remains highly contested and under debate. This article reviews colonial city planning and its impacts in Qingdao, an under-represented city in the English language literature on colonial China; moreover, the article links Dabaodao’s diverse history to current contestations over urban renewal, hereby engaging the complex issue of using the past in the present.     

顺应与提升：费城铁路工业遗址景观再生

近年来,针对铁路工业遗址的改造与再利用案例的研究不断拓展,体现出在规划与设计方面逐渐以风景园林为主导的趋势,成为城市工业历史街区更新的重要议题。以费城铁路公园(The Rail Park)整体规划为案例,围绕城市开放空间系统布局、工业历史街区更新、空间营造3个层级来分析铁路公园的规划与设计。铁路公园体现出与城市开放空间系统的连通性较强、沿线城市街区差异性明显、场地空间特征性突出的特点,其规划与设计能够顺应各区段独特的周边城市环境与场地空间条件,采用和而不同、因地制宜的设计理念,进而有助于提升城市空间品质、促进经济发展、加强文化建设。铁路公园的规划与设计为城市工业历史街区更新与工业遗址景观再生提供了新的思路。     

The place of neighbourhood in social cohesion: insights from massey,West Auckland

Within public health discourse there is growing recognition that the social structures and ecology of neighbourhoods impact on health and wellbeing. A clearer understanding of the pathways through which this influence occurs will inform locality-based interventions to tackle inequalities. In this paper we report on an interview based study with parents of young children living in Massey, a suburban neighbourhood of metropolitan Auckland. Locational access to community resources is comparatively poor in Massey as measured by a community resource accessibility index. The findings provide insights into the impact of such access to services and amenities on neighbourhood social cohesion. We conclude by suggesting planning strategies for strengthening neighbourhood identification and attachment for this population group.     

The place of neighbourhood in social cohesion: insights from massey, West Auckland

Within public health discourse there is growing recognition that the social structures and ecology of neighbourhoods impact on health and wellbeing. A clearer understanding of the pathways through which this influence occurs will inform locality-based interventions to tackle inequalities. In this paper we report on an interview based study with parents of young children living in Massey, a suburban neighbourhood of metropolitan Auckland. Locational access to community resources is comparatively poor in Massey as measured by a community resource accessibility index. The findings provide insights into the impact of such access to services and amenities on neighbourhood social cohesion. We conclude by suggesting planning strategies for strengthening neighbourhood identification and attachment for this population group.     

Incentivized Urbanization in Philadelphia: The Local Politics of Globalized Zones

Today, establishing zones for globally-oriented free enterprise is a common strategy of post-industrial urban revitalization and economic development. These large-scale projects typically operate through neoliberal governance and planning that facilitates undemocratic control and privatized administration of the zones. With a case study of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, this paper argues that these spaces embody a “non-plan” of competitive capitalist urbanization governed by and for global firms. However, the present-absence of municipal and state-level oversight itself represents a political decision, to provide place-based incentives without then managing this process. The Navy Yard allowed an unelected public–private partnership to determine how to best use the space, while also offering significant, publicly funded tax subsidies. Although lauded as “successful” by city politicians, the Navy Yard’s publicly-funded private benefit did little to reduce longstanding divides in the city, furthering a new era of spatial and political fragmentation.     

The identification of temporary horizontal leaders in projects: The case of China

Balanced leadership in projects describes the dynamic transition of leadership authority between the project manager and one or more team members. Within this concept, the present study investigates the context, criteria, and processes for identifying project team members as candidates for the role of horizontal leader. Five case studies, followed by validation interviews were conducted in China. Results show that structure and agency by the project manager set the context, wherein professionality, personality and attitudinal characteristics of team members are evaluated for identification. This is executed in two parallel processes, where the project manager evaluates, develops and assesses candidates, and the team members evaluate their situation, compete with others, develop their skills, and look for guidance from the project manager. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.     

World Bank urban lending: end of an era?

Cities, with their industries and commerce, cash wages and bright lights are focal points for capital and labour in all parts of the world. In recent years massive urbanization in the Third World has also attracted attention and resources from intemational aid organizations, led by the World Bank. This Viewpoint article critically examines the last decade of World Bank lending for urban development and looks ahead to World Bank priorities for the next ten years.     

新时期大连中心城区的公共交通发展展望

结合大连中心城区公共交通发展背景的变化和现状公共交通存在的问题,对未来的公共交通发展提出了新的发展模式和具体的发展策略,以尽快构建出快速、舒适、安全的公共交通体系,进一步提高公共交通的竞争力。     

探寻“后开发区时代”工业区发展的策略与定位思考——以泉州经济技术开发区官桥园区控制性详细规划为例

纵观中国开发区的发展历程,开发区在中国开放中的先导作用已经失去,在中国改革中的地位显著下降,而且由于我国绝大多数开发区都已经完成了以土地资源开发为主的阶段,开发区的"开发"环境已不复存在。因此,正在弱化的开发区政策体系也必将最终解体,从整体来看,开发区的生命周期也即将终结,中国正在进入"后开发区时代"。中国开发区的发展也进入了一个新的转型期。泉州经济技术开发区官桥园区的发展,是一次对"后开发区时代"工业区发展与功能的探索与尝试。     

Durban’s pursuit of economic development in the post-apartheid era

The city in South Africa has “been forced to engage in serious soul-searching about their role in a new political order while facing up to complex and dynamic global economic forces” (Hall and Robbins, 2002, p. 43)     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并冠心病患者纤维蛋白原及同型半胱氨酸水平分析

目的:分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并冠心病(CHD)患者与纤维蛋白原(Fib)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的关系。方法:选取2015年6月-2018年10月本院行多导睡眠图监测(PSG)确诊OSAHS患者90例,其中单纯OSAHS者50例为OSAHS组、OSAHS合并CHD者40例为OSAHS+CHD组,另选取本院经PSG检查正常者21例为对照组。检测并比较各组Hcy、Fib、睡眠呼吸参数(AHI、ODI、夜间最低SaO_2、夜间平均SaO_2),分析OSAHS患者Hcy、Fib水平与睡眠呼吸参数的相关性。结果:OSAHS+CHD组、OSAHS组Fib、Hcy、AHI、ODI水平均高于对照组,夜间最低SaO_2、夜间平均SaO_2均低于对照组,且OSAHS+CHD组Fib、Hcy水平均高于OSAHS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但OSAHS+CHD组和OSAHS组各项睡眠呼吸参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);相关性显示,Fib水平与AHI呈正相关(P<0.05),与ODI、平均SaO_2、最低SaO_2均无相关性(P>0.05);Hcy水平与AHI、ODI均呈正相关(P<0.01),与平均SaO_2呈负相关(P<0.05),与最低SaO_2无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:Fib、Hcy水平与OSAHS合并CHD有着密切关系,OSAHS患者夜间反复间断缺氧导致体内出现氧化应激,引起Fib及Hcy水平升高,促进OSAHS患者CHD的发生和发展。