钼酸盐对桉木KP浆H2O2漂白的改善效果

研究了钼酸盐对桉木硫酸盐氧漂浆酸性H2O2漂白的改善效果,探讨了各种影响因素（钼酸盐用量、漂液pH值、H2O2用量、氧强化的碱抽提和洗涤方式）对酸性H2O2漂白结果的影响。结果表明：添加少量的钼要到盐能有效地促进酸性H2O2的脱木素反应,提高脱木素效率,增加纸浆的白度。当钼酸盐用量为0.1%,脱木素程度比单纯的H2O2漂段提高27.8%漂段提高27.8%,白度增加4.3%（ISO）,而粘度的损失不大。     

GC-MS分析Fe2+/S2O82--H2O2深度处理造纸废水有机污染物降解研究

采用Fe2+/S2O28--H2O2深度处理广东某造纸厂二级出水,处理80min时COD降解率达到65%,色度去除率达到55%,达到《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)要求。用GC-MS联用仪对深度处理前后废水中的有机物进行测定,共测得有机污染物50种,其中6种有机污染物被列入美国EPA环境优先控制污染物。通过分析有机污染物分布情况,揭示其在深度处理过程中的降解与转化规律。     

Effects of ZnCl2/H2O/C2H5OH Treatment on the Filter Paper Performance

Bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) fibers were pretreated in a 5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution at 35℃ for 90 min. The ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was used to treat the pretreated BSKP fibers, filter papers were then prepared. In the course of processing, the effects of various molar ratios of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on the filter paper performance were evaluated. SEM-EDX was conducted to analyze the physical configuration of the filter papers. Moreover, FT-IR and XPS were performed to further characterize the BSKP, the pretreated BSKP and the filter paper fibers. The results indicated that the fibers treated by ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH were swollen and exhibited slight fibrillation, leading to a looser fiber structure and therefore, enhanced filter paper performance. Air permeability increased from 161.7 L/(m²·s) to 1450.4 L/(m²·s) for the filter papers when the molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was 1:14:1. The optimum molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was found to be 1:14:1, and no significant effect of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on fibers’ functional groups was detected. These results showed that filtration performance of filter papers was improved when treated with the ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH solution.     

纳米Ag@TiO2、Fe@TiO2和Zn@TiO2的抑菌活性比较研究

探索常见金属离子掺杂对抑菌片的抑菌性能的影响,为新型纳米TiO₂抑菌片的制备与改善提供技术基础。选择固定质量分数的Ag⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe³⁺掺杂TiO₂,通过抑菌圈、MIC与MBC方法综合评价其抑菌性能,对微观结构进行表征分析,探讨抑菌性能差异的原因。结果表明:抑菌性能大小顺序为Ag@TiO₂> Zn@TiO₂> Fe@TiO₂,Zn@TiO2 的抑菌活性较好但抑菌稳定性差Ag@TiO2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC、MBC均是10、20 mg/L,Zn@TiO₂对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC、MBC均是30、50 mg/L。表征发现抑菌活性强弱主要归因于纳米TiO₂表面与金属离子共同产生的活性位点数量及稳定性,与孔结构或表面宫能团的关联不大。     

Ag6Si2O7/TiO2 复合光催化剂的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的降解性能

为制备具有稳定性能的可见光催化剂,采用原位沉积法制得Ag₆Si₂O₇/TiO₂复合可见光催化剂。对光催化剂的表面形貌、结晶结构、化学元素组成和荧光光谱进行分析。在可见光照射下,以亚甲基蓝为有机污染物模型,探讨了TiO₂质量分数对复合光催化剂光催化降解效率的影响。结果表明:Ag₆Si₂O₇/TiO₂复合光催化剂中,Ag₆Si₂O₇均匀地包覆在TiO₂表面,二者以核壳结构形式紧密结合,且Ag、Si和Ti是以Ag⁺、Si⁴⁺和Ti⁴⁺存在;与纯Ag₆Si₂O₇和纯TiO₂相比,Ag₆Si₂O₇/TiO₂光催化剂具有更高的可见光光催化活性;当TiO₂质量分数为20%时,对亚甲基蓝降解效果最佳,在20 min内降解率达到98.6%。这种新型高效复合可见光催化剂可用于处理印染废水,具有广阔的应用前景。     

过氧化氢/臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理造纸废水生化出水

本研究采用过氧化氢/臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理造纸废水生化出水,通过实验确定了优化操作参数,并对组合工艺的处理性能进行了探究。结果表明,组合工艺的优化操作条件为：pH值（7.3~8.4）、过氧化氢/臭氧投加量=113/60 mg/mg、氧化时间25 min、曝气生物滤池水力停留时间2.5 h、曝气生物滤池气水比3∶1。在优化操作条件下,过氧化氢/臭氧氧化后废水的生物处理适宜性显著提高;废水经组合工艺处理后,出水COD_Cr<20 mg/L、色度<10倍,达到企业废水回用水质要求。     

稳定型双组份SO2-ClO2保鲜剂的研究及应用

采用亚硫酸盐释放出SO₂气体还原氯酸盐产生ClO₂气体的发生方法,研制出稳定型双组份SO₂-ClO₂保鲜剂。研究了不同比例的SO₂发生剂与ClO₂发生剂,并添加和丰膨润土制成片剂,对甜瓜、葡萄、杏子常见致病菌（青霉、黑曲霉）进行抑菌实验。结果表明:双组份SO₂-ClO₂最优配方SO₂发生剂与ClO₂发生剂质量比为1:0.3时,其保鲜效果优于单一使用SO₂和ClO₂。     

TiO2/SiO2的制备与光催化降解甲基橙

 为了探讨TiO₂晶粒形貌对光催化过程的作用规律,研究吸附法和浸渍法制备的TiO₂光催化剂降解甲基橙的过程,并考察制备反应条件对催化剂形貌和活性的影响。通过剖析反应的基本过程后得出,扩散过程与表面反应过程耦合,催化剂活性与甲基橙浓度的相对高低决定反应过程的控制步骤,从而对表观级数产生影响。在催化剂活性的考评中发现,低Ti含量以及小粒径情况下影响光催化的关键因素是晶型,其次为含量、粒径。吸附法制备的光催化剂Ti含量高,粒径小,可控性好,具有比浸渍法制备的材料更好的催化性能。随着水量的增加,吸附相反应技术的优势越来越显著。     

Oxidation of Tryptophan by H2O2 in Model Systems

Degradation reactions of tryptophan (trp) and the dipeptides alanyltryptophan (ala-trp) and phenylalanyltryptophan (phe-trp), induced by H₂O₂, were investigated under different conditions in aqueous systems. Decreases in the content of trp as well as the formation of soluble degradation products were determined. Highest losses of trp were obtained after H₂O₂ treatment at 100°C for 2 hr at pH 8.5. Lowest losses occurred at pH 4.0, 25°C, for 30 min. The destruction of trp in ala-trp was similar, while losses of trp in phe-trp under the same reaction conditions were lower. This was indicative of a negative induction effect of the phenyl ring. The quantity of degradation products showed extensive variations, dependent upon the radical mechanism of the oxidation reaction.     

Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction of the Effectiveness of H2O2-assisted Na2CO3 Pretreatment of Corn Stover Using Multivariate Analysis

In this study, multivariate analysis methods, including a principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) analysis, were applied to reveal the inner relationship of the key variables in the process of H₂O₂-assisted Na₂CO₃ (HSC) pretreatment of corn stover. A total of 120 pretreatment experiments were implemented at the lab scale under different conditions by varying the particle size of the corn stover and process variables. The results showed that the Na₂CO₃ dosage and pretreatment temperature had a strong influence on lignin removal, whereas pulp refining instrument (PFI) refining and Na₂CO₃ dosage played positive roles in the final total sugar yield. Furthermore, it was found that pretreatment conditions had a more significant impact on the amelioration of pretreatment effectiveness compared with the properties of raw corn stover. In addition, a prediction of the effectiveness of the corn stover HSC pretreatment based on a PLS analysis was conducted for the first time, and the test results of the predictability based on additional pretreatment experiments proved that the developed PLS model achieved a good predictive performance (particularly for the final total sugar yield), indicating that the developed PLS model can be used to predict the effectiveness of HSC pretreatment. Therefore, multivariate analysis can be potentially used to monitor and control the pretreatment process in future large-scale biorefinery applications.     

Zur bestimmung kleiner mengen H2O2 in steriler Milch

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von H₂O₂ in Milch, Kaffeesahne und Kakaotrunk (4,5–300 mg H₂O₂/l beschrieben, die auf der photometrischen Vermessung des durch H₂O₂ in Gegenwart von Lactoperoxydase aus Benzidin gebildeten Benzidinblaus beruht. H-Milchproben des Handels wurden auf einen eventuellen H₂O₂-Gehalt untersucht.     

固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3催化合成尼泊金丁酯

以对羟基苯甲酸和正丁醇为原料,固体超强酸SO24-/Fe2O3为催化剂,对尼泊金丁酯的合成进行了研究。考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、催化剂用量、醇酸比、反应时间对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,实验条件为焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间4h,催化剂用量2g,醇酸比3:1,反应时间3h,酯化率可达96.7%。     

PRODUCTION OF CO2 AND C2H4 AFTER GAMMA IRRADIATION OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT

Strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa, Duch. cv ‘Kent’) were irradiated at doses from 0 to 4 kGy and stored at 10°C to verify whether irradiation at very low doses could delay postharvest ripening while causing minimal damage to the tissues. CO₂ and C₂H₄ production were used as stress indicator. Anthocyanins and titratable acidity were measured as maturity parameters. CO₂ and C₂H₄ production increased six hours after irradiation. The increase in CO₂ production was proportional to the dose of irradiation and was highest at 4 kGy. Maximum C₂H₄ production was reached at 1 kGy. The different response of CO₂ and C₂H₄ production to irradiation suggests that the membrane system supporting C₂H₄ production was more sensitive to gamma rays than mitochondrial CO₂ production. Irradiation at 0.3 kGy slightly delayed color development in the fruit. Overall, the results indicated that it may be possible to use irradiation at a low dose to delay ripening while causing only minimal tissue damage.     

基于Bi-Co-BTC电化学传感器检测食品中Zn2+Cd2+Pb2+含量

目的:制备新型电化学传感器检测食品中的重金属含量。方法:通过水热法,以1,3,5-苯三甲酸(H₃BTC)为配体,辅以五水合硝酸铋[Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O]和六水合硝酸钴[Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O]金属盐,制备新型铋基金属有机骨架;通过超声自组装方式,制备多壁碳纳米管负载的铋基金属有机骨架复合材料(Bi-Co-BTC/MWCNTs);通过滴铸成膜方法,将复合材料修饰至玻碳电极(GCE)表面。结果:采用Bi-Co-BTC/MWCNTs/GCE作为工作电极实现了对样品中的Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺同时检测,其检出限分别为0.040 3,0.005 69,0.023 9 ng/mL。三者在茶叶中的加标回收率分别为97.21%～105.44%,92.22%～106.10%,93.97%～98.02%。结论:Bi-Co-BTC/MWCNTs/GCE可用于食品中的重金属含量检...     

四元体系NaCl-NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O348K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了348 K下四元体系NaCl-NaBr-Na2 SO4-H2O的相平衡规律,测定了平衡液相的溶解度和密度.研究发现,四元体系NaCl-NaBr-Na2SO4-H2O是含有固体溶液的体系.根据实验研究数据绘制了等温溶解度图,相图中只有一条单变量溶解曲线,两个结晶相区,平衡固相分别为Na(Cl、Br)和Na2SO4.实验结果表明,NaBr对NaCl具有盐析效应,并简要讨论了密度变化规律.     

化学麦草浆H2O2漂白前的木聚糖酶预处理

木文探讨了预处理时间、木聚糖酶用量等因素对化学麦草浆漂白前后的影响。结果表明,在相同的H2O2漂白条件下,采用木聚糖酶处理后的浆料白度提高,高锰酸钾值有所下降。     

固体酸SiO_2-Ti(SO_4)_2-Zr(SO_4)_2催化麻疯树籽油醇解反应的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Si O2载体,所得载体再通过浸渍法制备得到负载Ti(SO4)2和Zr(SO4)2的复合型固体酸催化剂Si O2-Ti(SO4)2-Zr(SO4)2,利用热重分析(TG-DTG)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对催化剂的特性进行初步表征。此外,以转化率为指标,研究了复合型固体酸催化剂在麻疯树籽油醇解反应中的催化活性,并考察催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对醇解反应的影响。TG-DTG分析结果表明,催化剂的焙烧温度应选择300℃,此条件下可以制备催化活性较好的催化剂;FTIR表征结果表明,浸渍Ti(SO4)2和Zr(SO4)2后,该活性物质成功负载到Si O2载体表面。单因素实验结果表明最佳反应条件为:反应温度120℃,催化剂用量5%,醇油摩尔比15∶1,反应时间5 h;在此条件下,麻疯树籽油的转化率最高可达92.53%。     

设备因素对H2O2置换漂白的影响

在H2O2置换漂白中,设备因素对H2O2的无效分解是一个不可忽视的大问题。采用聚酯滤网和在反应器内表面涂环氧树脂是降低H2O2置换漂白中H2O2消耗量的有效手段。在铝制容器中,H2O2漂液显示出较好的稳定性,铝材有可能成为制造H2O2置换漂白反应器和H2O2常规漂白反应器的优良金属材料。