GMPLS--智能光网络的核心技术

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络扩展的产物,能支持分组交换、时分交换、波长交换和光纤交换,它实现了IP和WDM光网络的融合,很好地满足智能光网络控制面的需要.对GMPLS的标签、层次化LSP、路由与寻址、信令和链路管理等方面加以分析,最后对GMPLS的意义进行了概括.     

GMPLS的关键技术

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络扩展的产物,能支持分组交换、时分交换、波长交换和光纤交换。本文先对MPLS做了回顾,然后对GMPLS的标签、层次化LSP、路由与寻址、信令和链路管理等方面一一加以分析,最后对GMPLS的意义提出了一些尚待解决的问题。     

GMPLS 通用多协议标签交换

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络扩展的产物,实现了IP和光网络的融合,能支持分组交换、时分交换、波长交换和光纤交换,很好地满足智能光网络控制面的需要。对GMPLS的标签、层次化LSP、路由与寻址、信令、链路管理以及存在的问题等方面进行了分析。     

GMPLS技术及其路由算法

通用多协议标签交换（ GMPLS）是由多协议标签交换（MPLS）发展而来,它是MPLS向光层扩展的必然产物.GMPLS将时隙、波长和光纤端口作为标签用子数据转发,通过采用扩展的信令、路由协议和新增的链路管理机制以适应对智能光网络进行动态控制和传送信令的要求,动态提供网络资源并增加网络的存活性.本文着重比较了GMPLS与MPLS,说明其如何改进MPLS,并提供了GMPLS在光控制平面的应用解决方案.最后,谨慎分析了GMPLS的前景及其需要解决的问题     

GMPLS的动态路由机制研究

GMPLS由MPLS演进而来,它是MPLS向光层扩展的必然产物,路由技术是GMPLS的一项关键技术。这里简要回顾了MPLS技术,在此基础上对GMPLS中与路由相关的关键技术做了介绍,讨论GMPLS中现有的路由选择策略,论述基于GMPLS支持的对等网络模型对一种联合的网络结构及其控制平面的结构,最后提出基于GMPLS的网络中一种有QoS保证的动态路由机制。     

通用多协议标签交换GMPLS协议

GMPLS由MPLS演进而来,它是MPLS向光层扩展的必然产物。GMPLS将时隙、波长和光纤端口作为标签用于数据转发,通过采用扩展的信令、路由协议和新增的链路管理机制以适应对智能光网络进行动态控制和传送信令的要求,动态提供网络资源并增加网络的存活性。     

GMPLS协议中的路由和波长分配技术

因特网工程工作组（IETF）制定的通用多协议标签交换协议（GMPLS）,作为光网络的控制平面协议,推动了光网络的智能化进程。路由和波长分配问题（RWA）是光网络智能化的核心问题之一。在介绍RWA算法和GMPLS协议的基础上,分析了不同RWA算法、不同RWA机制对网络信息的需求,描述了GMPLS协议为解决RWA问题所做的标准化工作,并分析了与RWA相关的网络信息分发格式。     

GMPLS的关键技术

GMPIS是MPIS向光网络扩展的产物，能支持分组交换、时分交换、波长交换和光纤交换。本先对MPLS做了回顾，然后对GMPIS的标签、层次化LSP、路由与寻址、信令和链路管理等方面一一加以分析，最后对GMPLS的意义提出了一些尚待解决的问题。     

GMPLS控制ROADM的光传送网结构和路由协议扩展

ROADM提供了光网络的灵活性和重配置能力,GMPLs是多层次交换网络统一的控制平面.在介绍ROADM技术和CMPLS协议的基础上,描述了由GMPLS控制ROADM构成的光网络结构,并完成扩展GMPLS路由协议以支持在ROADM端口约束条件下的路由.     

GMPLS-IP层与光层融合的核心技术

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络的扩展，文章在简要介绍了MPLS技术的基本思路之后，主要介绍了将IP层与光层融合起来的GMPLS技术，包括GMPLS中的标签、路由与寻址、信令、链路管理等内容。     

Computer Systems Based on Silicon Photonic Interconnects

We present a computing microsystem that uniquely leverages the bandwidth, density, and latency advantages of silicon photonic interconnect to enable highly compact supercomputer-scale systems. We describe and justify single-node and multinode systems interconnected with wavelength-routed optical links, quantify their benefits vis-a-vis electrically connected systems, analyze the constituent optical component and system requirements, and provide an overview of the critical technologies needed to fulfill this system vision. This vision calls for more than a hundredfold reduction in energy to communicate an optical bit of information. We explore the power dissipation of a photonic link, suggest a roadmap to lower the energy-per-bit of silicon photonic interconnects, and identify the challenges that will be faced by device and circuit designers towards this goal.     

A review:Photonics devices,architectures,and algorithms for optical neural computing

The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era.Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed,wide bandwidth,and massive parallelism.Here,we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels.The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented.In addition,we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network,photonic convolutional neural network,photonic matrix computation,photonic reservoir computing,and photonic reinforcement learning.Finally,we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing,and propose promising solutions and perspectives.     

光网络的分类及应用的协议

根据应用的光通信器件类型,光纤网络可分为光纤链接网、广播和选择网络、波长路由网以及全光分组交换网。一种结合了传输层和数据链路层协议的新型传输协议Zing可用于波长路由网中,Zing主要完成差错控制和流量控制两项功能。波长路由网的路由设计要考虑以下问题:支持异机种网络、波长连续性限制以及信令协议要足够简单。     

QoS Recovery Schemes Based on Differentiated MPLS Services in All-Optical Transport Next Generation Internet

The Internet is evolving from best-effort service toward an integrated or differentiated service framework with quality-of-service (QoS) assurances that are required for new multimedia service applications. Given this increasing demand for high bandwidth Internet with QoS assurances in the coming years, an IP/MPLS-based control plane combined with a wavelength-routed dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network is seen as a very promising approach for the realization of future re-configurable transport networks. Fault and attack survivability issues concerning physical security in a DWDM all-optical transport network (AOTN) require a new approach taking into consideration AOTN physical characteristics. Furthermore, unlike in electronic networks that regenerate signals at every node, attack detection and isolation schemes may not have access to the overhead bits used to transport supervisory information between regenerators or switching sites to perform their functions. This paper presents an analysis of attack and protection problems in an AOTN. Considering this, we propose a framework for QoS guarantees based on the differentiated MPLS service (DMS) model and QoS recovery schemes against QoS degradation caused by devices failures or attack-induced faults in an AOTN. We also suggest how to integrate our attack management model into the NISTs simulator—modeling, evaluation and research of lightwave networks (MERLiN).     

硫系玻璃集成光子器件综述(特邀)

硫系玻璃具有超宽的红外透过光谱范围、较高的线性折射率、极高的光学非线性和超快的非线性响应,近年来在集成光子器件研究领域备受关注。首先回顾了硫系玻璃集成光波导的制备,综述了硫系集成光子器件在红外传感和高性能非线性应用方面取得的进展,然后介绍了硫系相变光子器件在光开关、光存储和光计算等方面的前沿进展,最后对目前硫系玻璃光子器件研究存在的问题进行了归纳,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Fast Routing Algorithms for Lightpath Establishment in Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks

In this paper, we study shortest-path routing in wavelength-routed optical networks with an objective to optimize the average-case running time for path computation. Four fast routing algorithms are proposed for dynamically computing the shortest lightpaths or semilightpaths in a network with or without wavelength converters. To reduce the average-case running time for path computation, sequential search, backward routing, and informed search are used in the algorithm design. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the average-case computational overhead for path computation as compared with existing algorithms.      

微波光子网络的可重构与智能化（特邀）

高性能的光子模拟处理芯片是微波光子处理系统的核心部件,文章通过优化光波导网络结构,实现了一种超宽带可重构的光子模拟运算芯片,通过配置拓扑网络结构实现了多种运算功能的任意切换以及同种功能的运算阶数可调谐。同时,研究了具有自配置能力的光学矩阵计算芯片,以及用于图像处理的片上光子卷积加速器。最后,对微波光子系统与人工智能的交叉融合进行了展望。     

A new approach to dimensioning optical networks

A network dimensioning method allocates appropriate capacities to the links based on the network topology and traffic requirements. We introduce the concept of absorption probability instead of blocking probability which is a more appropriate measure to express the grade of service of an optical network, in many cases. Absorption probability can be obtained from transient analysis of a Markov chain. Computation of exact absorption probabilities requires large computing resources and is thus feasible only for small networks. We present a method to approximate the absorption probability of a wavelength-routed network with arbitrary topology and traffic patterns assuming the nodes have full wavelength conversion capability. We show that the approximation method performs well especially in the desired range of absorption probabilities and it is computationally efficient     

Photon‐Memristive System for Logic Calculation and Nonvolatile Photonic Storage

Memristor‐based architectures have shown great potential for developing future computing systems beyond the era of von Neumann and Moore's law. However, the monotonous electrical input for dynamic resistance regulation limits the developments of memristors. Here, a concept of a photon‐memristive system, which realizes memristance depending on number of photons (optical inputs), is proposed. A detailed theoretical derivation is performed and the memristive characteristics, as stimulated by the optical inputs based on a hybrid system, consisting of a low‐dimension photoelectric semiconductor and a ferroelectric substrate are determined. The photon‐memristive system is also suitable for nonvolatile photonic memory since it possesses three or more‐bit data storage, desirable resistance‐change space, and an ON/OFF ratio of nearly 10⁷. The integrated circuit based on several photon‐memristive systems also realizes available photon‐triggered in‐memory computing. The photon‐memristive system expands the definition of memristors and emerges as a new data storage cell for future photonic neuromorphic computational architectures.     

Service-specific resource allocation in WDM networks with quality constraints

The need to establish wavelength-routed connections in a service-differentiated fashion is becoming increasingly important due to a variety of candidate client networks (e.g., IP, SDH, ATM) and the requirements for QoS-delivery within transport layers. The multiservice operation changes the way we deal with wavelength-routed paths, as they are now being characterized by manifold properties, such as transmission quality, restoration, network management, and policies. We propose a generic approach to service-differentiated connection accommodation in wavelength-routed networks where, for the network state representation, the supplementary network graphs are defined and referred to as service-specific wavelength-resource graphs. These graphs are used for the appropriate allocation of wavelengths on concatenated physical resources building a wavelength route, along which the necessary transmission quality is achieved and the required management and surveillance functions are provided. By considering twofold wavelength routing metrics, i.e., QoS metrics (service requirements) and resource metrics (quality constraints), these graphs can yield the solution to the QoS-routing problem, i.e., the provision of service-specific guarantees under quality constraints-a feature that is still missing from the existing architectures. The numerical analysis of dynamically reconfigurable multiservice WDM networks is presented for regular network operation as well as for optical network service restoration.