新型高强韧性Al—LaY—Ni（Fe）非晶合金的研究

利用真空单辊旋淬法制备了一系列Al-La—Y—Ni(Fe)四元合金的快速凝固条带,研究了它们形成非晶的能力、条带的力学性能以及拉伸断口形貌结果表明:当合金成分为85—90at-%Al(La+Y)<10at-%时,能获得既具有高强度、高韧性又具有较好热稳定性的Al基非晶合金。其最高拉伸断裂强度和显微硬度分别为760MPa和294DPN,且弯折180°不断,Al与La—Y间的强相互作用及合金的低熔点(T_m)是促使Al-La—Y—Ni(Fe)合金形成非晶相的主要因素     

不同元素掺杂对Zr基非晶形成能力及力学性能的影响

在水冷铜坩埚中采用铜模吸铸法制备成直径为3 mm的Zr63Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5TM2(TM=Y,Fe,Ti)合金圆棒.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、力学性能及断口扫描(SEM)检测,结果表明Y、Fe、Ti元素微量掺杂可以得到完全非晶,Fe、Ti元素掺杂的试样具有较高的非晶形成能力和热稳定性(△...     

Al—La—Y—Ni非晶合金的晶化行为及其对力学性能的影响

利用DSC热分析、X射线衍射及透射电镜对真空单辊旋淬法制备的四种新型Al-La—Y—Ni四元非晶合金的晶化行为及其对力学性能的影响进行了研究.结果表明:合金成分不同,其晶化行为也不同;随着合金中稀土含量的增加,其初始晶化温度(T_(xt))有提高的趋势高于T_(xt)合金的强度和韧性就急骤下降对Al_(88)La(3.5)Y_(3.5)Ni_5合金的晶化行为的研究表明,它是以初晶型结晶方式进行转变的。     

熔体结构变化对Al85Ni5Y8Co2非晶合金晶化行为的影响

采用四电极电阻法研究Al85Ni5Y8Co2合金熔体电阻率,并结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)探索熔体结构变化对Al85Ni5Y8Co2非晶晶化行为的影响。结果表明:Al85Ni5Y8Co2合金在1135~1357 K温度区间内发生熔体结构变化,而熔体结构变化导致Al85Ni5Y8Co2非晶晶化行为存在差异;在熔体温度为1673 K下制备的非晶薄带第一晶化较1323 K和1523 K的明显提前,对激活能的计算证实其初晶化更容易析出FCC-Al,且更难析出Al2Y3、Al13Co4、Al9Co2和AlNi等脆性金属间化合物;通过XRD的测试发现高的熔体温度可能会导致熔体中原子团簇的破坏,从而引起非晶晶化行为的改变。     

铝基非晶合金中预峰与物理性能的关系

为了研究Fe对Al基非晶合金的影响,通过各种技术对Al84Ni10La6和Al84Ni9Fe1La6的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明：加入1%Fe（摩尔分数）增加了结构因子中预峰的面积并降低了晶态与非晶态热膨胀系数之间的差异;加入1%Fe提高了Al-Ni-La合金的非晶形成能力、显微硬度、断裂韧性、电阻率、抗磁性和耐腐蚀性,这是由添加1%Fe引起的中程序及自由体积的变化导致的。     

塑性Zr-Cu-Fe-Al-Y非晶合金及其力学性能

报道了系列具有大塑性变形能力的Y微合金化Zr-Cu-Fe-Al-Y非晶合金。该系列合金在压缩变形条件下,塑性应变量可达8.3%,最高的屈服强度、断裂强度分别为1750、1900MPa。压缩应力-应变曲线呈现明显的锯齿状流变现象,压缩试样表面存在大量剪切带,试样断口呈典型的非晶脉状断口形貌。在变形试样的高分辨电镜分析中没有发现任何结晶相存在。计算显示,该系列非晶合金具有较大的泊松比值,其中(Zr0.58Cu0.24Fe0.08Al0.10)99Y1的泊松比为0.335。这表明大的泊松比是该系列非晶合金具有大塑性变形能力的物理原因之一。     

AlNiLaCe新型高熵非晶合金的组织结构与电化学腐蚀行为

采用电弧熔炼工艺与真空熔炼快淬系统制备了一系列新型AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金条带,并研究了(AlNi) / (LaCe)含量变化对高熵非晶合金组织结构与电化学腐蚀行为的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和显微硬度计分别研究测定了高熵非晶合金的相结构、热稳定性与硬度;借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）与X射线能谱分析仪（EDS）表征了合金条带的表面形貌与元素分布情况;通过极化曲线（Tafel）考察了高熵非晶合金在3.5 wt.% NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为并通过XRD测定了等原子比AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金条带的腐蚀产物。结果表明:随着Al含量的增多,AlNiLaCe高熵非晶合金由典型的非晶态衍射峰与含Al的金属间化合物一同组成;合金中(AlNi)含量增多导致其热稳定性与条带硬度逐渐提高,Al35Ni35La15Ce15高熵非晶合金最高硬度为470 HV0.1。通过电化学腐蚀实验发现:相比AZ91镁合金,AlNiLaCe系高熵非晶合金的自腐蚀电位更高,腐蚀电流密度比镁合金低1个数量级。     

快速凝固+热挤压制备Al-10.7Zn-2.4Mg-0.9Cu合金的组织和性能

采用单辊熔体旋转法制备Al-10.7Zn-2.4Mg-0.9Cu合金带材,利用热挤压将带材坯料制成棒材,对其微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:所制备的带材由过饱和固溶体α(Al)等轴细晶构成,晶粒尺寸为3~5μm;合金经挤压后存在粗大第二相,析出相主要为MgZn2相,挤压态棒材抗拉强度为499.8 MPa,伸长率达到了15.3%,断口呈韧性断裂特征;经T6热处理后,合金中有细小的沉淀相析出,使得室温力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度达到631.9 MPa,伸长率有所降低,断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征。     

气雾化和喷射成形制备大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金

利用气雾化和喷射成形技术制备了大尺寸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)实验证实,直径为340 mm,最大厚度为13 mm的沉积坯具有完全非晶态结构.分析了气雾化和喷射成形La62AIl5.7(Cu,Ni)22.3合金过程中非晶相形成的机制,选定了喷射成形La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3非晶合金沉积坯致密化的合适的工艺参数.研究结果显示,喷射成形可望成为大尺寸块体(尤其是盘状)非晶合金新的制备技术.     

Effects of yttrium on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al magnesium alloy

Since Y has a great solid solubility in magnesium alloys, it helps enhancing the heat-resistant property of magnesium alloys. The effects of Y on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al alloy have been studied in this work. The results show that Y addition refines grains of Mg-6Al alloy, and reduces the amount of the Mg 17 Al 12 phase. At the same time, the high melting-point Al 2 Y phase particles are formed. According to the mathematical model of the two-dimensional lattice misfit proposed by Braffit, it is believed that the Al 2 Y particles can serve as the nucleation sites for α-Mg. After T6 treatment, both elongation and ultimate tensile strength of Mg-6Al alloy at the room temperature and high-temperature increased firstly and then decreased, with increasing Y addition. The peak mechanical properties were achieved in the Mg-6Al-1.2Y alloy system. Y addition appears to change the fracture characteristic of Mg-6Al alloy. With 1.2wt%Y, the fracture surface of the alloy showed a lot of dimples and tearing ridges which connected the microscopic dimples and the fracture is mixed fracture of quasi-cleavage and ductile fracture.     

试验条件对非晶合金DSC与TG测量的影响

用对比的方法研究了Pr55Ni25Al20块状非晶和Al85Ni10Pr5非晶薄带的高温DSC和TG曲线。结果表明,材料的性质和形状尺寸都对DSC和TG的准确测定有一定的影响;对于比表面积小的Pr55Ni25Al20块状非晶在通Ar气的情况下,非晶的DSC曲线及其特征温度可以精确确定;对于合金本身抗氧化性较强的Al85Ni10Pr5非晶薄带,即使在空气中进行DSC测试,也可以得到比较准确的试验结果。     

Structural state and fracture strength upon friction of boron-containing alloys and coatings with an amorphous structure

The structural condition and wear resistance of electrochemical Co-B and Ni-B coatings with different amounts of boron, as well as Ni-Co-Fe-Cr-Mo-Si-B and Ni-Fe-Si-B amorphous alloys obtained by rapid solidification from the melt have been studied. It has been found that in Co-B and Ni-B coatings with a boron concentration less than 8 at %, there is formed a solid solution of boron in the matrix phase, and the coatings are characterized by a high fracture strength upon friction. At a boron concentration from 8 to 15 at %, there is formed in the coatings a metastable amorphous structure with a decreased wear resistance. An increase in the B concentration to 20 at % stabilizes the amorphous structure of coatings, which leads to an increase in their fracture strength. A conclusion is made that during friction interaction at the surface of amorphous layers there are formed crystalline layers, which are subject to tensile stresses and are characterized by a decreased fracture strength. The difference in the wear resistance of the alloys studied is explained by a different deformation and thermal stability of the amorphous structure of the material.     

预合金粉对粉末冶金NiFe18.5Al25合金性能的影响

将元素Ni、Fe和Al粉以摩尔比56.5-18.5-25配料,分别按元素粉末高能球磨(300 r/min, 12 h)、元素粉末直接干混、50%元素粉+50%预合金粉末干混3种方式混料;混料在500 MPa的压力下压制成形,1 280 ℃下烧结;对合金烧结态进行相对密度测定、力学性能检测、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和断口形貌观察.结果表明:50%元素粉+50%预合金粉制备的合金性能最好,密度可达到6.61 g/cm3(相对密度94.8%),烧结态抗拉强度可达到868 MPa,说明元素粉末中添加的预合金粉可以控制烧结过程,提高合金的烧结密度,同时增强合金的力学性能.     

快速凝固Mg-Zn-Y合金薄带的制备及凝固组织特征

在成功制备Mg97.46Zn0.80Y1.74合金、Mg96.51Zn0.83Y2.67合金急冷快速凝固薄带的基础之上,采用XRF、XRD、SAD、DSC、SEM、显微硬度测量等分析方法系统研究了其凝固组织及显微硬度。结果表明:急冷快速凝固条件下,2种合金均形成非晶相 超细Mg12YZn相 超细hcp-Mg(Zn,Y)相,其显微硬度值大幅度提高;快速凝固Mg97.46Zn0.80Y1.74合金薄带中的hcp-Mg(Zn,Y)相晶胞在a1、a2、a3轴方向膨胀、在c轴方向收缩;快速凝固Mg96.51Zn0.83Y2.67合金薄带中的hcp-Mg(Zn,Y)相晶胞在各轴向均有膨胀;Mg96.51Zn0.83Y2.67合金薄带的熔点及热稳定性高于Mg97.46Zn0.80Y1.74合金薄带。同时对以上结果产生的原因进行了初步探讨。     

Ti-Ni-Cu形状记忆合金快速凝固条带的拉伸行为

采用快速凝固法制备了Ti_(53.5)Ni_(22.8)Cu_(23.7)合金薄带.用透射电镜(TEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和电子拉伸试验机对铸态和退火态下的条带进行力学分析、组织分析及断口形貌分析.研究发现,铸态下Ti_(53.5)Ni_(22.8)Cu_(23.7)合金条带的抗拉强度和断裂应变分别为1 257 MPa和3.86%.其断口形貌有明显的脉状条纹和光滑非晶无特征区.条带经450 ℃退火10 min 和60 min后其断裂强度分别为623 MPa和850 MPa,条带的弹性模量随着应变增加从7～10 GPa增至25 GPa.退火后条带拉伸断口均体现出等轴晶粒形貌.经450 ℃,60 min退火的合金条带拉伸前后的TEM形貌特征不同,拉伸后的奥氏体晶粒中局部出现应力,诱发马氏体相变,从而形成马氏体板条.     

Development on research of advanced rare-earth aluminum alloy

1　INTRODUCTIONTheeffectofrareearthandtransitionelementsonthealuminumalloyisevidentfortheirspecialelec tronicstructures ,andthishasattractedattentionsofmanyscientists .Inthepast ,theresearchontherareearthaluminumalloyswascarriedoutmainlyonthebasisofassignmentofthespecifictypeandstrategy ,especiallyinChina ,andexplorationsoftheapplica tionoftherareearths (richresourceinChina)inalu minumalloysweremostlyconcentratedontheeffectofmischmetalonsomecommercialaluminumalloys ,whichwasthecertainoffs…     

La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金的晶化行为

利用等温和变温晶化退火的方法对铜模吸铸La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金的晶化行为进行了研究.结果表明,La62Al15.7(Cu,Ni)22.3块体非晶合金晶化过程分为3级,不同阶段的晶化产物分别为 La、Al3La和富Cu、Ni的未知相;非晶合金的驰豫激活能和3级晶化激活能的关系为:Eg相似文献   

形变Cu-20vol%Fe原位复合材料研究

研究了形变Cu-20vol％Fe原位复合材料的组织结构，结果发现，合金经室温变形后，Fe相由铸造态的树枝状变成纤维状组织，在纵截面上呈现片状，其厚度随变形量增加而减小，在横断面上呈弯曲的薄片状。随变形量增加，Cu-20vol％Fe合金的强度提高。适当的中间热处理可以大大降低其电阻率，经过室温形变和中间热处理的合理配合，可获得良好强度和电导率的结合。     

A model of the ductile–brittle transition of partially crystallized amorphous Al–Ni–Y alloys

A model of the ductile–brittle transition of partially crystallized amorphous Al–Ni–Y alloys is proposed. The strength of the partially crystalline Al–Ni–Y alloys was found to exhibit a maximum when the size of Al particles is 10 nm. Partially crystallized Al–Ni–Y alloys were also found to be brittle when the size and the volume fraction of the Al particles exceeded the optimum values. On the assumption that the diffusivity of Y is so low that Y atoms rejected from f.c.c.-Al particles are limited near the interface region and the diffusivity of rejected Ni atoms is so high that the perfectly mixed solution is readily attained in the matrix, the reactions in three regions, Al particles, Y accumulated interface layers and amorphous matrix, were derived by balancing the quantity of each element. Al–Ni–Y alloys were assumed to become brittle when the solute content of the interface layers reached the critical value (20%). The predictions based on the Y accumulation model are in good agreement with the published data available.     

Co含量对FeCoPB非晶合金软磁性能和弯曲韧性的影响

采用熔体旋淬的方法制备了Fe Co含量达到87 at%Fe-Co-P-B系非晶合金薄带,研究了金属元素Co对Fe-Co-P-B系非晶合金的形成能力、软磁性能和弯曲韧性的影响规律。该合金系具有高的饱和磁化强度1.75～1.84 T,且热处理后薄带仍具有良好的弯曲韧性。添加Co元素后,提高了合金的居里温度,矫顽力升高。对薄带样品施加12 MPa的拉应力,合金的矫顽力由12.8 A/m降低到6.5 A/m。因此,通过成分和应力的调控可以避免Fe基非晶合金热处理引起的弛豫脆性问题,为获得具有优异软磁性能和良好弯曲韧性的Fe基非晶合金提供重要途径。