耐溶剂纳滤膜研究进展

纳滤的诸多优点使其在有机溶剂体系中具有极大的潜在应用价值,耐溶剂纳滤膜(SRNF)的制备是有机溶剂纳滤发展的关键。本文从耐溶剂纳滤膜材料出发,综述了耐溶剂纳滤膜的制备及应用等方面的研究进展。重点介绍了均相膜、复合膜等多种耐溶剂纳滤膜材料及制备方法,并对今后研究的发展方向提出建议。     

对硝基苯酚复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

采用PNP作为膜材料制备耐溶剂复合纳滤膜,采用界面聚合反应法制备了一种有机溶剂纳滤膜.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,PNP和三甲基氯(TMC)在聚酯键结构上具有稳定的耐溶剂性.NF-1PNP膜保持稳定的DMF性能.在连续分离36 h的条件下,对孟加拉红(RB 1017.64 g·mol-1)的吸附通量为21 L·...     

芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以芳香聚酰胺为原料,采用相转化法制备了芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜,通过正交试验确定了最佳制膜工艺.详细讨论了纳滤膜的分离特性,并对纳滤膜的耐溶剂及抗污染性能进行了初步研究.实验结果表明,所制芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜对无机盐及小分子有机物具有较好的选择分离性能.操作压力为0.4MPa时,该膜对蔗糖的截留率为63.74%,对葡萄糖的截留率为54.36%.膜具有很好的耐溶剂性和抗污染性.     

耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展

耐溶剂纳滤是一种新型的膜分离技术,用于有机混合物的分离。商品耐溶剂纳滤膜大多是采用相转化法制备的整体皮层非对称膜,膜皮层较厚,通量较低。耐溶剂复合纳滤膜由基膜和分离层组成,具有薄皮层、高溶剂通量和高溶质截留率的优点。耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的制备与改性也因此成为近年来的研究热点。本文从界面聚合、表面涂覆、层层自组装、原位生长、有机-无机杂化和表面改性六个方面介绍耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的研究进展,最后对其发展前景进行展望。     

纳滤膜功能材料研究进展

饮用水安全问题纳滤膜,无机膜材料,有机膜材料日益成为现代社会关注的热点.纳滤膜因其独特的分离特性,成为饮用水深度处理的最佳选择之一,本文简要回顾了纳滤膜的历史,综述了近年来一系列纳滤膜制膜材料包括无机纳滤膜材料和有机聚合物纳滤膜材料.重点介绍了聚合物纳滤膜材料的种类和特性,以及发展趋势.     

纳滤膜材料研究进展

简单阐述了纳滤膜的特点与应用,综述了乙酸纤维类、芳香族聚酰胺类等常用有机高分子纳滤膜材料,天然高分子、聚电解质等新型有机高分子纳滤膜材料,无机纳滤膜材料以及无机-有机杂化复合纳滤膜材料的研究进展。分别列举了相应膜材料的典型膜,并从高通量、抗污染、耐有机溶剂与耐氯性等多角度对相应膜材料的结构特性、化学特性、膜制备技术与应用特点进行了对比分析与总结,最后对纳滤膜材料的发展趋势与应用前景作了预测与展望,指出特种高性能纳滤膜材料的开发与微观结构的调控和基于不同纳滤膜材料的结构与功能设计将成为今后一段时间内的研究热点。     

基于两性离子的纳滤膜抗污染改性方法研究进展

纳滤膜对水中污染物的分离截留性能优异,膜污染控制和抗污染强化是该技术发展的研究热点。纳滤膜改性是强化纳滤膜抗污染性能的方法之一,基于两性离子材料的改性纳滤膜凭借两性离子材料静电作用与水分子结合的特性,在渗透性和抗污性方面表现优秀。系统综述了强化抗污染的两性离子纳滤膜的改性方法,包括涂覆法、接枝法、界面聚合法、自组装和共混掺杂法等,并阐释了各方法所制备纳滤膜的抗污效能和适用条件,最后对各改性方法做出了展望,以期为两性离子材料在纳滤膜改性和实际应用中的研究提供参考。     

聚乙烯醇复合纳滤膜的性能研究

本文采用涂敷法制得聚乙烯醇 (PVA)复合纳滤膜 ,并对膜的分离性能、耐溶剂性、耐压密性进行了测试。结果表明 :该复合纳滤膜在 0 .6MPa操作压力下水通量为 12L·m-2 ·h-1,对 5 0 0mg/L的标准物质PEG6 0 0的截留率达到 90 .8% ,并随着操作压力的增加 ,水通量呈线性增加 ,截留率也相应上升 ,该膜具有较好的耐压密性 ,耐酸碱性和耐氧化性 ,并通过红外光谱分析复合纳滤膜致密层的化学结构     

新型芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜制备过程影响因素探讨

以聚间苯二甲酰问苯二胺(PMIA)为膜材料,首次采用相转化法制备了不对称芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜.考察了聚合物和添加剂含量、蒸发温度、膜厚度以及凝胶浴温度和组成等对所制膜分离性能的影响.结果表明,在0.7 Mpa、25℃的条件下,采用质量分数为0.5×10-6的Na2SO4水溶液对膜性能进行测试,该膜的水通量为18.04 L·m2·h-1,而脱盐率则可达到80%.同国内现有实验室研发阶段的纳滤膜相比,该膜材料优良,制备方法简单,分离性能接近商业纳滤膜.     

SRNF复合膜耐溶剂性能增强研究现状

耐溶剂纳滤(SRNF)是近年来高速发展的一项新型纳滤分离技术,主要用于有机溶剂的分离与纯化,涉及制药、催化剂再生、油和多种工业化学品的处理等领域。对耐溶剂纳滤膜性能增强方法(化学交联、有机-无机杂化和构建中间层)进行了综述与比较,总结了该研究领域现阶段面临的挑战与问题,以期为未来设计和制造用于有机溶剂处理的纳滤膜提供一些启发性的信息。     

耐溶剂纳滤膜的制备与应用研究进展

有机溶剂纳滤(organic solvent nanofiltration,OSN)是近年来快速发展起来的一项新型纳滤膜分离技术,具有广阔的应用前景。耐溶剂纳滤(solvent-resistant NF,SRNF)膜的制备是OSN技术发展的关键,也是目前的研究热点之一。本文侧重阐述了SRNF膜在制备及应用方面的进展,着重介绍了相转化法、界面聚合法、自组装法及有机-无机杂化法等SRNF膜制备方法。相转化法是目前国内外SRNF膜制备研究常用的方法,但该法所制备的膜皮层较厚,通量明显偏小;界面聚合法SRNF膜制备的相关研究目前较少,但由于其皮层非常薄,因此是SRNF膜制备发展的一大趋势;自组装膜有较好的耐溶剂性能;加入无机物可以提高耐有机溶剂性,有机-无机杂化法的膜制备是SRNF膜制备的趋势之一。同时简单介绍了SRNF膜的应用,并对未来SRNF膜研究的方向提出了建议。     

Understanding and guiding the phase inversion process for synthesis of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes

Since its introduction in membrane technology in the 1960's, phase inversion by means of immersion precipitation has been widely studied for the preparation of membranes to be applied in the fields of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF). However, much less knowledge is available about this process in terms of integrally skinned asymmetric nanofiltration membranes, especially for more hydrophobic polymers applied in solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF). This review focuses on the preparation aspects of integrally skinned asymmetric membranes to be applied in the field of SRNF via phase inversion. It starts with the explanation of the basic principles of the phase inversion process, covering both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Further, it summarizes the parameters that significantly influence final membrane performance and morphology, including polymer type and concentration, casting solvent, additives, evaporation time, and temperature, humidity, membrane thickness, composition, and temperature of coagulation bath and post‐treatment. Literature contained within this review constitutes the core references in the field of SRNF, but also several references on preparation of MF, UF, aqueous NF, and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been included to better clarify or illustrate certain aspects of the process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42130.     

Comparison Between Polydimethylsiloxane and Polyimide-Based Solvent-Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes

Nanofiltration using solvent-resistant membranes has become an important separation technology. Polydimethylsiloxane and polyimide are important materials for preparation of solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes. In this study, the performance of commercial polydimethylsiloxane and polyimide SRNF membranes (as a trademark of MPF and STARMEM) with molecular weight cutoff values of 200–700 Da was compared in terms of organic solvent preconditioning effect, solvent compatibility, solvent flux, and solute rejection. Organic solvents employed were methanol, toluene, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone and the organic solutes in a molecular weight range of 160–850 Da were used. Membrane preconditioning with different organic solvents did not affect membrane performance of the polydimethylsiloxane-based MPF membranes but had a significant influence on the polyimide-based STARMEM membranes. Both MPF and STARMEM membranes are not compatible in dichloromethane. MPF membranes were inert to the organic solvents and had relatively low solvent fluxes. STARMEM membranes were highly swollen in methanol and offered much higher solvent fluxes and attractive NF performance in toluene.     

Polymer-based membranes for solvent-resistant nanofiltration:A review

Separation of organic mixture is an inevitable process in most modern industrial processes. In the quest for a more sustainable and efficient separation, solvent-resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) has emerged as a promising answer. This is because SRNF is a membrane-based process which offers the key advantages of high efficacy and lowenergy intensity separation. In particular, polymer-based membranes can offer compelling opportunities for SRNFwith unprecedented cost-effectiveness.As a result, intensive research efforts have been devoted into developing novel polymer-based membraneswith solvent-resistant capacities as well as exploring potential applications in different types of industries. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the recent progress in the development of the state-of-the-art polymer-based membranes for SRNF in the first section. Emerging nanomaterials for mixed matrix and thin film nanocomposite membranes are also covered in this section. This is followed by a discussion on the current status ofmembrane engineering and SRNFmembrane commercialization. In the third section,we highlight recent efforts in adopting SRNF for relevant industrial applications such as food, bio-refinery, petrochemical, fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries followed by separations of enantiomers in stereochemistry, homogeneous catalysis and ionic liquids. Finally, we offer a perspective and provide deeper insights to help shape future research direction in this very important field of SRNF.     

Solvent‐resistant nanofiltration membranes based on multilayered polyelectrolytes deposited on silicon composite

Alternating deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) on inorganic–organic composite membranes can efficiently overcome the drawback of microcracks induced by inorganic particles. Different bilayers of Poly (diallyldimethylammonium, chloride)/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (PDDA/SPEEK) were first deposited on the charged silicon composite with hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN‐H) support and evaluated for solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes (SRNF) application. The morphology of the membranes was studied in detail via SEM and AFM. Because of Donnan exclusion, the multilayered PEC silicon composite membranes showed very high retentions up to 99% for negatively charged solutes (Rose Bengal (RB), 1017 Da) in the pressure driven filtration of isopropanol (IPA) solutions. For the first time, PEC‐based silicon composite membranes were also applied in the filtration of organic solvents, where they were found to combine a remarkable stability in polar solvents with high fluxes and retentions. Compared with silicon composite membranes, the introduction of multilayered PDDA/SPEEK can efficiently improve the membrane performance and overcome the drawback induced by inorganic fillers. PEC‐based silicon composite membranes thus show excellent prospective use in SRNF. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

界面聚合法PI/PP耐溶剂复合纳滤膜的制备与表征

以丙烯酰胺接枝的聚丙烯(PP)超滤膜为支撑层,间苯二胺(MPD)、均苯四甲酰氯(BTAC)分别为水相及有机相功能单体,通过界面聚合及其后续的酰亚胺化制备了聚酰亚胺(PI)/PP耐溶剂复合纳滤膜。讨论了水相浓度、有机相浓度及酰亚胺化溶液配方等条件对复合膜结构及其分离性能的影响。分别采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征分离层的化学组成及复合膜的形态结构,得到膜的分离、透过及其耐溶剂性能。结果表明,有机相浓度的影响最为显著,支撑膜表面形成了均匀致密的PI分离层,复合膜呈负电性,并具备优秀的耐溶剂性能。实验范围内,MPD、BTAC的浓度分别为8、2 g·L-1,酰亚胺化溶液乙酸酐∶三乙胺∶苯体积比为1∶1∶10时,所制备膜的分离性能较佳,对Na2SO4、酸性艳蓝6B的截留率分别达93.8%和96.9%。     

可生物降解分离膜材料及其应用研究进展

在绿色化学理念的引导下,可生物降解膜材料受到了广泛的关注,有望成为传统分离膜材料的补充和替代品。本文首先分析了传统的不可降解分离膜材料的现状及问题,然后综述了当前较为热门的几种可生物降解膜材料,讨论了它们的发展状况,详细介绍了它们在膜相关领域中的应用,并针对它们的局限性做出了说明并提出了一些解决方案。随后,分析了可生物降解膜材料的生物降解机理,从分子结构角度对膜材料的可生物降解性进行了说明,这将有利于剖析膜材料生物降解的本质,进而平衡膜材料在使用中的稳定性和生物降解性。最后,文章对可生物降解膜材料在发展中遇到的问题进行了展望,并指出随着研究的不断深入,可生物降解膜材料具有广阔的前景和深远的现实意义。     

含银高分子膜材料的应用及研究进展

随着高分子膜材料在水处理技术、医药、食品、农业和化工领域的广泛应用,利用不同方法改进高分子膜材料的抑菌性能、抗污染性能和水通量等,以延长高分子膜材料的使用寿命,已成为近几年研究的热点。介绍了含银高分子膜材料的主要应用。分别阐述了单质银和银离子对高分子膜材料改性的不同效果。主要讨论了相转化法、共混法、原位合成法、离子交换法和界面聚合法对含银高分子膜材料的改性方法,总结了不同改性方法对高分子膜材料改性后对其抑菌性能、抗污染性能及水通量的优化情况。通过引入银能够提高高分子膜材料的抑菌率,抑菌率最高可达100%。银的加入有效地提高了膜材料的抗污染性能,其对高分子膜材料的水通量也有一定的提高。     

分离膜材料和膜制备技术的研究进展

膜分离技术在工业中已得到广泛的应用,它是最有发展前途的分离技术之一。综合介绍了无机膜材料、有机膜材料、液膜的研究进展,并介绍了各种膜制备技术的研究状况,提出今后在膜材料和膜制备技术方面需要优先研究的课题。