塑料换热技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上的应用展望

溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工业中有着广泛的应用,但换热装置腐蚀及其引起的冷量衰减一直以来是人们难以解决的问题.根据现有的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的性能,结合塑料换热装置的一些特点,提出了采用塑料换热装置代替金属换热装置来解决溴化锂吸收式制冷机的这个难题;并以研制一台制冷量为3.49×104W的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组为例,对塑料换热装置的溴化锂吸收式制冷机组与传统金属溴化锂吸收式制冷机组相关部件的参数进行比较.通过对溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的传热面积、管道阻力的计算和安全强度的校核,发现塑料换热装置应用在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上是可行的,塑料换热技术在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上有着较好的应用前景.     

机械振动强化吸收式制冷机传热性能的实验研究

本文搭建了带有电动振动系统的吸收式制冷性能研究实验台,实验重点研究了振动对于吸收式制冷机传热性能的强化效果。结果表明,振动可有效地强化吸收式制冷机的传热性能,增加制冷量;在低频、低振幅的范围内,传热的强化效果随频率和振幅的增加而增加。本文的研究成果对于提高溴化锂吸收式制冷机的效率有一定的借鉴作用。     

机械振动强化吸收式制冷传热传质的实验研究

本文对机械振动强化吸收式制冷传热传质进行实验研究。搭建了一套综合的性能研究实验台,在吸收式制冷机的底部安装了一个电动振动机,使机组在垂直方向上产生振动,分别对振动频率和振幅两个因素对机组性能强化的效果进行实验分析,得出结论:振幅相同时,振动频率对强化效果的影响较大;而在最佳喷淋量下,频率相同时,振幅太大或太小,振动的强化效果都会下降。且在实验范围内,得到最佳强化效果的频率段为20~30 Hz,此时传热的强化效果可达到8%~20%,传质的强化效果可达到10%~25%,制冷量可提高12%~18%。     

吸收式制冷机发生器中沸腾换热特性研究进展

吸收式制冷机可以通过低品位热能驱动,在缓解当今社会能源消耗量大,电力供给紧张和环境日益恶化的问题上具有明显优势,因此受到了越来越多的关注。制冷工质对是吸收式制冷技术发展的关键,以找到一种环境友好、运行效率高、适用范围广的制冷工质对为发展方向。而沸腾换热性能研究又是制冷和化工行业中的基础研究,因此有必要对制冷工质对在发生器中的沸腾换热性能和沸腾换热关联式进行归纳总结。本文将从常用制冷工质对的沸腾换热性能和其他制冷工质对的沸腾换热性能两方面进行阐述。回顾这两方面的研究现状,讨论实际应用的可行性并对未来的发展方向提出建议。     

添加剂和纳米粒子强化溴化锂水溶液／氨水吸收特性研究进展

吸收式制冷以其节能、环保等诸多优点得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文总结与分析添加剂和纳米粒子强化溴化锂水溶液及氨水吸收特性的机制和相关实验研究的发展现状。针对吸收式制冷系统中吸收器传质系数和换热系数小而导致的制冷效率低的问题,很多学者进行了添加剂和纳米粒子对吸收过程影响的实验研究,并据此采取措施增大传质传热效率。实验主要包括以下几个方面：表面张力实验、静态池吸收实验、降膜吸收实验和氨水鼓泡吸收实验。实验结果均表明添加剂和纳米粒子可以提高吸收器中溴化锂水溶液及氨水的传热传质性能。该研究对于提高吸收式制冷系统的制冷效率有很大帮助,同时为该技术在实际系统中的应用奠定基础。     

吸收式制冷技术的研究与应用

简单回顾了吸收式制冷技术的发展背景;较详细地介绍了国内外吸收式制冷技术的研究热点,主要包括对新工质对、吸收循环、传热与传质、智能化控制方式等几方面的研究。目前,溴化锂吸收式机组已经被广泛地应用于空调系统,本文对其在国内外的应用现状进行了详细介绍,主要包括热电冷联产、直燃型吸收式冷热水机组、蒸汽型吸收式冷水机组、热水型吸收式冷水机组、太阳能吸收式机组等：最后对吸收式制冷技术的前景进行了展望。     

某生产车间空调方案比较

对某生产车间的空调,选用电制冷机组和溴化锂吸收式制冷机组两种方案,主要从设备初投资费用、运行费用两方面进行比较,得出了采用蒸汽型溴化锂吸收式制冷机组不可行的结论。     

基于综合运行参数的吸收式制冷机组优化设计方法

建立溴化锂吸收式制冷机组各部件数学模型,分析设计变量(冷凝温度和蒸发温度)对机组各部件面积及COP的影响,提出溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的优化设计方法和总投资的优化目标函数,求出最优运行参数和机组设计面积。     

增压型溴化锂吸收式制冷（热泵）机组特性研究和溴化锂溶液热物性研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷是一种兼备环保与节能的制冷技术,已经得到广泛的重视和发展。本文介绍了关于溴化锂吸收式制冷的两方面研究,一方面是增压提效亚稳平衡型溴化锂吸收式制冷（热泵）机组特性研究,另一方面是添加剂对溴化锂溶液表面张力与传递性能的复合效应及其耦合机理研究。这两方面的研究均取得优异的成果。     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机组维护中的问题

阐述了溴化锂吸收式制冷机组在运行和维护中容易出现的问题,并提出了解决问题的相应措施。文中归纳了溴化锂吸收式制冷机组节能的几个途径和特点。     

垂直管内TFE/NMP降膜吸收过程中热质传递试验研究

作为一种新型的吸收式制冷工质时-TFE/NMP（2，2，2-trifluo-roethanol/N-methylpyrolidone，中文名：三氟乙醇/氮甲基吡咯烷酮），因其良好的工作特性而被国际制冷界所重视，但有关吸收式制冷/热泵系统运行中的一个重要环节-TFE/NMP降膜吸收过程中的传热、传质现象却有人进行过研究。在国家自然科学基金的资助下，我们建立了单根管吸试验台以研究TFE/NMP降膜吸收过程中热、质传递规律。在不同TFE/NMP溶液流量和不同冷却水流量条件下，测得两组试验数据，对试验数据进行处理并对其数据结果加以分析后，得出垂直管内TFE/NMP降膜吸收过程中热量和质量传递规律的一些特性。     

船舶摇摆振动对传热和制冷系统的影响研究述评

渔船发动机尾气制冷系统和核动力舰船的自然冷却系统在海洋条件下的安全稳定性是关乎其应用的重要问题。研究海洋条件下的流动与换热特性对提高制冷系统的稳定性具有重要意义。文中综述了海洋条件下船舶的摇摆与晃动对储液容器、换热器的热传递以及制冷系统影响的研究现状。大量研究表明,海洋条件下摇摆与晃荡会对流动与换热造成影响,而传热传质的强化或削弱依具体海况(摇摆和晃荡的剧烈程度)而不同。渔船尾气吸收式制冷系统在比较恶劣的海洋条件下将受到较大的影响。通过在储液容器(如吸收器、发生器)中增加阻尼板或阻尼网,可有效抑制储液容器内部液面波动,提高系统运行稳定性。     

空气冷却器传热性能试验研究

对空气冷却器在结霜工况下的传热性能进行了试验研究，简述了结霜工况下传热系数测试的原理、方法和主要过程。根据实验结果对影响空气冷却器传热性能的主要因素进行了分析，并得出了一些有益的结论。     

负压下水在水平铜管表面沸腾换热的实验研究

以天然制冷剂水(R718)为工质的蒸气压缩式制冷及热泵系统,工作压力通常低于常压。为研究负压条件下水的沸腾换热特性,搭建了水在水平铜管表面换热的实验装置,在1.8~3.3 k Pa的压力范围内对水在水平铜管表面的沸腾换热进行实验研究。结果表明,换热系数随压力的升高和热流密度的增加而增大。将实验数据与相同条件下Cooper公式的计算结果进行对比,并利用最小二乘法回归出适用于本实验条件的换热系数的经验公式,以方便工程实际应用。本实验对水蒸气压缩式制冷及热泵系统中蒸发器的换热及强化研究具有一定的指导作用。     

Heat and mass transfer in vertical tubular bubble absorbers for ammonia-water absorption refrigeration systems

A model is developed for calculation of simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes in vertical bubble absorbers as used for ammonia-water absorption refrigeration systems. Some preliminary experiments have been performed in an absorber without heat removal. The results from these experiments are compared with the literature and give a first indication about the methods for prediction of the absorption process. Experiments have also been performed with simultaneous heat removal. The internal diameters of the absorbers tested were 10.0, 15.3, and 20.5 mm. The mass transfer coefficients resulting from these experiments are correlated by a modified Sherwood relation. An interative procedure is presented which allows design of vertical tubular bubble absorbers for ammonia-water absorption refrigeration systems.     

Economy of energy consumed by refrigerating machinesEconomie de l'énergie consommée par les machines frigorifiques

The scope for significant cost reductions in various process industries, due to energy economies with refrigeration equipment, is reviewed. Correct selection of compressor type is discussed together with proper matching to heat transfer equipment. The main emphasis is on large-scale schemes for combined power generation, heating and refrigeration. The roles of absorption refrigeration, air-cooled condensers and heat pumps are outlined, together with the optimum choice of working fluid.     

Mapping of optimum operating condition for LiBr–water refrigeration cycles

In this work, optimum operating condition maps are generated covering wide ranges of refrigeration and sink temperatures for single- and double-effect LiBr–water vapour absorption refrigeration cycle. These optimum condition maps will be useful to choose optimum operating conditions while designing LiBr–water cycle for desired applications. Methodology for generating such maps is discussed in detail, which can also be used for other absorption refrigeration cycles with various working fluids. Three configurations of LiBr–water absorption refrigeration cycles, single effect, double-effect series flow and double-effect parallel flow, are analysed with the most accurate thermodynamic property correlation available in the literature. Sensitivity of cycle performance to various operating variables such as generator, absorber and condenser temperatures is determined. Second law analysis shows that when a higher temperature heat source is available, double-effect cycles are more effective over single effect as they have higher coefficient of performance.     

A practical model for analysis of active magnetic regenerative refrigerators for room temperature applications

In this paper, a practical model for predicting the performance and efficiency of active magnetic regenerative refrigerators (AMRRs) has been developed. With this model, the refrigeration capacity, the power consumption (including the power required to move regenerator cylinder and drive heat transfer fluid) and consequently the coefficient of performance (COP) of a real AMRR system can be predicted with different heat transfer fluids. A dimensionless parameter, utilization at maximum refrigeration capacity (UMRC), is used to numerically characterize the performance of an AMRR. The numerical results indicate that the UMRC increases with increasing number of transfer units (NTU) and eventually reaches its maximum. Increasing operating frequency increases the refrigeration capacity of the AMRR while causes a reduction in COP. The influences of the physical properties of transfer fluids on the AMRR performance are also studied. Liquid is more favorable than gas for being used as heat transfer fluid in AMRR systems.     

A novel ejector-absorption combined refrigeration cycle

This paper presents a novel ejector-absorption combined refrigeration cycle. When the temperature of the heat source is high enough, this cycle will work as a double-effect cycle. If the temperature of the heat source is lower than required temperature of heat source used to drive conventional double-effect absorption refrigeration cycle but much higher than required temperature of heat source used to drive conventional single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle, the COP of new cycle will also be higher than that of conventional single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle. Simulation results show that the COP of the cycle is 30% higher than that of the conventional single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle at some working conditions even in the later case.