Fe_(40)Ni_(38)Mo_4B_(18)非晶态合金的退火脆性研究

本文研究了Fe_(40)Ni_(38)Mo_4B_(16)非晶态合金的退火脆性规律;讨论了制备时的冷却速度、薄带厚度、薄带表面质量及热处理工艺等因素对退火脆性的影响及其原因。测量了在脆化温度和脆化时间以内磁场退火样品的直流磁特性,并与其最佳磁特性进行了比较;探讨了在保证样品不脆的前提下,通过改变磁场退火的退火温度和磁场大小,使合金的磁性能接近最佳磁性能的可能性     

影响磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒磁热疗加热效率的因素

磁性纳米颗粒作为产热介质在生物医学方面取得了广泛的应用前景.近年来,新开发的纳米颗粒细胞内疗法更是克服了常规治疗方法的副作用,使治疗效率大大提高.氧化铁纳米颗粒由于其优异的磁性能在磁热疗应用的磁性纳米颗粒中脱颖而出,但存在着在交变磁场下加热效率受限的问题.具有高加热效率受限的磁性纳米粒子是磁热疗的必要条件.本文综述了近...     

使用温度传感磁流体的自动冷却装置

引言已经报道过使用磁流体直接转换能量的想法,但由于转换效率很低,报道实际转换能量系统的论文不多。我们报道的自动冷却装置(ACD)可利用部分废热使流体循环从而消除机械废热。这种冷却装置的操作自动地受热源的热作用的控制。本文讨论利用磁化强度主要取决于温度的温度传感磁流体的冷却装置的性能。其冷却特性决定于磁流体的热性能和磁性能,最大冷却能力主要由外加磁场的强度来决定。     

磁性纳米颗粒介导的电磁神经治疗的最新进展

目的 介绍磁性纳米颗粒的性质和生物医学应用,以及通过磁性纳米颗粒介导的电磁神经刺激治疗的最新进展.为今后优化刺激参数、提高磁神经刺激效率提供参考.方法 总结近年来国内外对磁性纳米颗粒的研究进展,并重点分析基于磁性纳米颗粒的神经磁刺激方法及效果.结果 磁性纳米颗粒具有成像、靶向给药、磁热疗等生物医学应用,以磁性纳米颗粒为基础进行神经磁刺激的类型可分为磁热刺激、磁电刺激及磁机械力刺激三种.这种刺激方式安全、高效且精准性高,能够改善传统磁刺激方式的缺陷.结论 磁性纳米颗粒性质独特,是近年来研究最多、发展速度最快的纳米材料之一.利用磁性纳米颗粒介导的神经磁刺激具有广阔的应用前景.     

磁性纳米粒子的制备及在生物医学领域中的应用概述

磁性纳米材料由于具有优异的纳米效应和磁性能,在生物医药领域可广泛应用于磁靶向、磁热疗、药物递送、生物分离等方面,并已作为核磁共振造影剂应用于临床。通过将不同类型的聚合物基质与磁性纳米填料结合在一起,可开发出多种类型的磁性纳米复合功能材料。文中综述了磁性纳米粒子领域的最新动态,详细阐述了磁性纳米粒子的制备方法和改性技术,讨论了磁性纳米粒子复合材料在药物载体、核磁共振成像、磁热疗等生物医学领域的应用前景。     

磁场中磁性纳米流体热导率的研究

进行了提高磁场中含四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米磁性颗粒机油(磁性纳米流体)热导率的研究。在有或无超声波辅助的条件下,采用共沉淀法合成了不同粒度的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒,采用一种热常数分析仪对该磁性纳米流体的热导率进行了测定,探讨了纳米磁性颗粒粒度、体积分数以及背景磁场对磁性纳米流体导热性能的影响。实验结果表明,在外磁场中,磁性纳米流体所含Fe3O4纳米颗粒的体积分数越大,磁性颗粒粒度越小,磁性纳米流体的热导率越高;当磁场方向平行于温度梯度时更有利于提高磁性纳米流体的热导率。     

日本开发磁性形状记忆合金

日本东北大学研究生院工学研究科石田清仁教授等人开发出一种通过外加磁场就可产生较大变形的新型磁性形状记忆合金。这是一种结晶结构从强磁性向弱磁性转变的新合金。由于该合金可比通过外加磁场产生变形（或对材料施加外力磁化发生变化）的磁应变材料获得更大的应力和变形，因此有望用于磁致动器、磁传感器、热磁气马达（由温度变化导致磁性能产生较大变化的马达）等。     

纳米材料在肿瘤磁热疗中的应用及展望

对磁热疗以及纳米材料在磁热疗领域的应用情况进行了综述,着重介绍了磁流体、磁性脂质体、肿瘤靶向磁性纳米粒子及低居里点磁性纳米粒子,同时就磁性材料的发展方向进行了展望。     

磁性多层膜系统自旋重取向行为的Monte Carlo模拟

依据Heisenberg模型,利用Monte　Carlo方法模拟了磁性多层膜系统的自旋重取向行为,研究了各向异性、偶极相互作用以及外磁场对系统自旋取向的影响。通过模拟计算,获得了系统组态、磁分量等随偶极相互作用、外加磁场和温度的变化规律,重点研究了磁性多层膜系统在外磁场作用下的磁滞现象。     

纳米材料

磁性液体产业化 磁性液体是通过界面活性剂将纳米级（一般小于10nm）的磁性颗粒高度分散、悬浮于载液中,形成稳定胶体体系。磁性液体具有可磁化性和流动性,即使在重力、离心力或强磁场的长期（5～8年）作用下,纳米级的磁性颗粒也不发生团聚及固液分离,磁性稳定。 磁性液体既具有一般软磁体的特性,又具有液体的流动性。一旦有外磁场的作用,分子磁矩立刻定向排列,对外显示磁性。随着外磁场强度的增加,磁化强度也成正比的增加。达到饱和磁化后,磁场再增加时,磁化强度也不再增加。当外     

Design and performance of a permanent-magnet rotary refrigerator

In order to demonstrate the potential of magnetic refrigeration to provide useful cooling near room temperature, Astronautics Corporation of America constructed a rotary magnetic refrigerator (RMR) in 2001. The RMR uses the active magnetic regenerator (AMR) cycle with an aqueous heat transfer fluid. The required change in magnetic field is produced by the rotation of a wheel packed with porous beds of magnetocaloric material through a 1.5 T Nd₂Fe₁₄B permanent magnet with steel flux concentration poles. A pump, and valves mounted to the wheel, control heat transfer fluid flow through the magnetocaloric beds and heat exchangers. This rotary design allows quiet, reliable operation over a range of frequencies (0.5–4 Hz), heat transfer fluid flow rates and cooling power. The performance of the device using Gd and Gd alloy spherical particles is reported and analyzed. We also describe the performance effects of introducing layered beds and an La(Fe_1−xSi_x)₁₃H_y alloy with a first order magnetic transition.     

Performance evaluation of an active magnetic regenerator for cooling applications – part II: Mathematical modeling and thermal losses

In this second part of a two-part paper, a mathematical model of active magnetic regenerators is applied to identify and quantify the main losses taking place in the AMR evaluated experimentally in Part I. Among those losses, the heat interaction with the external environment and the presence of dead (void) volumes between each end of the regenerator and the hot and cold heat exchangers were found to be the main factors that affect the AMR performance. Demagnetizing losses were considered as a function of the matrix geometry, temperature and applied magnetic field. In addition to predicting the time-dependent behavior of the fluid temperature exiting the regenerator during each blow and the cycle average cooling capacity, the model was able to quantify the impact of each loss mechanism on the thermal performance of the AMR.     

Impact of the initial field on the thermodynamic performance of room-temperature magnetic refrigeration cycle

The thermodynamic cycle performance of Gadolinium (Gd) and Gd_0.87Dy_0.13 used as the working substance in regeneration magnetic Brayton and Ericsson refrigeration cycles are investigated under different external magnetic field conditions. Based on the experimental iso-field heat capacities of Gd with different magnetic fields, the effects of magnetic field change on thermodynamic performances including the magnetic entropy change, cooling quantity, non-perfect regeneration, net cooling quantity, and coefficient of performance (COP) are analyzed and discussed. The present work shows the possibility of reducing the regenerative losses and thereby improving the net cooling quantity for a given field change by selecting optimal initial and final magnetic field values. The similar analysis and calculation of the related thermodynamic performances are further applied to the magnetic material Gd_0.87Dy_0.13 which exhibits better net cooling quantities when compared to Gd at low temperature.     

Cd0.8Mn0.2Te晶体的磁化强度和法拉第效应研究

采用垂直Bridgroan法制备出了x=0.2的Cd1-xMnxTe晶体(Cd0.8Mn0.2 Te).利用MPMS-7(magnetic property measurement system)型超导量子磁强计测量了Cd0.8Mn0.2Te晶体的磁化强度(M)与磁场强度(H)和温度(T)的关系,磁场强度范围为-159...     

Thermal investigations of an experimental active magnetic regenerative refrigerator operating near room temperature

In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations on a magnetic refrigeration device based upon the active magnetic regeneration (AMR) cycle operating near room temperature are presented. A numerical 1D model based on the transient energy equations is proposed for modelling the heat exchange between the magnetocaloric material and the carrier fluid in the regenerator bed. The validity of 1D AMR-numerical model is investigated through the recently developed magnetic cooling demonstrator by Clean Cooling Systems SA (CCS) at the University of Applied Sciences of western Switzerland (HES−SO). The obtained results including the temperature span, the coefficient of performance and the cooling power are presented and discussed. In general, good agreements have been noted between the experimental and numerical results.     

电磁式发动机水冷系统流固耦合传热研究

针对电磁式发动机电磁线圈由工作温度过高导致其内阻过大、发动机工作效率降低的问题,应用流固耦合传热理论对发动机水冷系统的传热性能进行研究.以电磁式发动机水冷系统流场和固场为研究对象,建立流固耦合传热的数学模型;利用UG(Unigraphics)软件建立水冷系统流固耦合模型,对水冷系统的流场和温度场分布进行仿真分析.结果表...     

Effect of heat transfer on the performance of thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric refrigerator system

A model of thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric refrigerator with external heat transfer is proposed. The performance of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device obeying Newton’s heat transfer law is analyzed using the combination of finite time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Two analytical formulae for cooling load vs. working electrical current, and the coefficient of performance (COP) vs. working electrical current, are derived. For a fixed total heat transfer surface area of four heat exchangers, the allocations of the heat transfer surface area among the four heat exchangers are optimized for maximizing the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device. For a fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of number of thermoelectric elements of the generator to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized for maximizing both the cooling load and the COP of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device. The influences of thermoelectric element allocation and heat transfer area allocation are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. Optimum working electrical current for maximum cooling load and COP at different total number of thermoelectric elements and different total heat transfer area are obtained, respectively.     

High gradient magnetic particle separation in viscous flows by 3D BEM

The boundary element method was applied to study the motion of magnetic particles in fluid flow under the action of external nonuniform magnetic field. The derived formulation combines the velocity-vorticity resolved Navier–Stokes equations with the Lagrange based particle tracking model, where the one-way coupling with fluid phase was considered. The derived algorithm was used to test a possible design of high gradient magnetic separation in a narrow channel by computing particles trajectories in channel flow under the influence of hydrodynamic and magnetic forces. Magnetic field gradient was obtained by magnetization wires placed outside of the channel. Simulations with varying external magnetic field and flow rate were preformed in order to asses the collection efficiency of the proposed device. We found that the collection efficiency decreases linearly with increasing flow rate. Also, the collection efficiency was found to increase with magnetic field strength only up a saturation point. Furthermore, we found that high collection efficiently is not feasible at high flow velocity and/or at weak magnetic field. Recommendation for optimal choice of external magnetic field and flow rate is discussed.     

杆件倾角对复合点阵夹芯结构主动换热性能的影响

对具有内热源的复合材料点阵夹芯结构的流体流动和热传输特性进行了数值研究,采用等效热网络法和以结构槽道高度为度量的无量纲参数分别对结构的热源热场和主动换热性能进行了分析和表征,揭示了流体流动及热源温度对芯体杆件倾角变化的响应,给出了一定热流密度下倾角与热源最高温度之间的函数关系,并对基于倾角的结构热/力性能进行了初步的优化分析。结果表明,该复合材料点阵夹芯结构具有优异的主动换热特性,且随着杆件倾角的增大,结构的换热效率提高,结构最高温度降低。     

磁性液体在均匀磁场中的瞬态双热线导热系数的测试

将封有聚α-烯烃合成油基磁性液体的两玻璃管放置于磁场中,为消除磁场力、重力所引起的磁性液体自然对流的影响,消除端部效应,研制了磁性液体在均匀磁场中瞬态双热线导热系数的实验测量系统,经与蒸馏水、乙醇标准样品的导热系数测量比较,实验装置有较高的测量精度。实验测量了不同方向的均匀磁场对不同体积浓度的磁性液体导热系数的影响。结果显示,当磁场方向与热通量方向一致时,磁场显著强化磁性液体的导热系数,其导热系数随磁场强度的增加而近似线性增加,且体积浓度越大增加量越大;当磁场方向与热通量方向垂直时,磁性液体的导热系数随磁场强度的变化不明显。