MgO与ZrSiO_4反应烧结机理研究

应用ＳＥＭ方法观察了ＭｇＯ与ＺｒＳｉＯ_４的反应烧结机理。结果表明,随着ＺｒｓｉＯ_４的分解,ＳｉＯ_２呈不定形态向外扩散,与ＭｇＯ反应生成Ｍｇ_２ＳｉＯ_４,原来的锆英石颗粒中只留下了ＺｒＯ_２,同时ＭｇＯ向ＺｒＯ_２方向移动,与ＺｒＯ_２形成有限固溶体;反应产物之一ＺｒＯ_２大部分聚集成集合体,也有一部分分布比较均匀。     

固体超强酸SO4^2—／ZrO2催化合成硬脂酸聚乙二醇400单酯的研究

报道了用固体超强酸ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２（自制）催化合成硬脂酸聚乙二醇４００单酯（ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ）。用正交试验方法研究了反应因素对ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ产率的影响,试验表明,固体超强酸ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ对ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ的合成有很高的选择性和催化活性。     

CGPSZrO2—Si3N4复合材料性能的研究

本文研究了ＧＰＳ ＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的烧结性能,相组成,显微结构和力学性能,ＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料在１７７０－１８００℃,氮气压力分别为１ＭＰａ,２ＭＰ,３ＭＰａ下烧成,获得相对密度〉９５％烧结体。     

Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-ZrO_2系陶瓷表面氧化层组成的EPMA分析

利用ＥＰＭＡ和ＸＲＤ的分析方法，研究了Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＺｒＯ＿２系陶瓷材料表面氧化层组成。结果表明，Ｓｉ＿３Ｎ＿４－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＺｒＯ＿２系陶瓷材料表面氧化层是由方石英相、ＺｒＳｉＯ＿４相和含有Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＣａＯ等的ＳｉＯ＿２玻璃相所组成，其中ＳｉＯ＿２玻璃相中Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＣａＯ等的含量，随着氧化时间的增加而逐渐增加。     

GPSZrO_2-Si_3N_4复合材料性能的研究

本文研究了ＧＰＳＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的烧结性能、相组成、显微结构和力学性能。ＺｒＯ２－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料在１７７０～１８００℃,氮气压力分别为１ＭＰａ,２ＭＰａ,３ＭＰａ下烧成,获得相对密度＞９５％烧结体。实验结果表明：少量的工业ＺｒＯ２对氮化硅有助烧作用,增大氮气压力有利于改善氮化硅陶瓷材料的烧结性能和力学性能;ＺｒＯ２可提高氮化硅基体的断裂韧性,在３ＭＰａ下烧成条件下,添加１５％ＺｒＯ２的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料断裂韧性可达８．０８ＭＰａ．ｍ１／２,与基体相比提高２１．５％,第二相粒子增韧和微裂纹增韧为主要增韧机理。     

SO4^2—／ZrO2—SiO2固体酸催化剂的研究

用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、Ｈａｍｍｅｎｔｔ指示剂法及乙酸乙酯化反应等手段研究了引入ＳｉＯ２对ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２体系的晶化，比表面，酸强度和催化性能的影响。添加ＳｉＯ２会延迟ＺｒＯ２的晶化，减弱ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２的超强酸性，但有利于提高催化剂的酯化反应活性。     

碳化硅晶须增强氧化锆复相陶瓷材料的组织观察

本文用ＴＥＭ,ＳＥＭ等手段研究了ＳｉＣｗ增强２Ｙ－ＺｒＯ２复相陶瓷材料的组织,结果表明,ＳｉＣｗ的加入可以显著细化２Ｙ－ＺｒＯ２材料的粒子,并使基本的断裂方式由以沿晶为主的混合型变为以穿晶为主的混合方式,晶须周围的ｍ－ＺｒＯ２可显著缓解该复合材料中的热应力。     

机械力活化合成超细ZrSiO4粉体及粉料的应用

把单斜晶系ＺｒＯ２和胶体ＳｉＯ２的混合料进行机械球磨，对混合料产生机械力活化作用，在较低温度（１２００℃）合成了超细的高活性ＺｒＳｉＯ４染料。研究了球磨时间对ＺｒＳｉＯ４生成率的影响。经１２０小时球磨的混合料，在１２００℃下煅烧后，ＺｒＳｉＯ４的生成率可达９５％以上。文中对合成的ＺｒＳｉＯ４粉料作为添加成分对一种陶瓷－金属封接料性能的影响进行了讨论。     

助烧剂Y2O3对ZrO2（Y—TZP）—Si3N4系统中ZrO2相组成的影响

本文研究了助烧剂Ｙ２Ｏ３对ＧＰＳＺｒＯ２（３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中ＺｒＯ２相结构的影响。研究结果表明：ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中不添加Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成主要以ｍ－ＺｒＯ２形式存在,并有少量氮稳定ＺｒＯ２;ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ－ＴＺＰ）－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４系统中添加５ｗｔ％Ｙ２Ｏ３助烧剂,ＺｒＯ２相组成为ｃ－ＺｒＯ２、不能相变的过稳定ｔ－ＺｒＯ２。     

ZrO2纤维—ZrO2微粉—Si3N4基陶瓷复合材料的研究

采用高速搅拌、超声分散的湿法混合工艺制备出无规则取向ＺｒＯ２短纤维热压Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷复合材料。对复合材料的强度及韧性进行了研究，采用ＴＥＭ技术对材料的微观结构进行了分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。