Synthesis of sub-micron nickel particles coated onto aluminum powders via a modified polyol process

Aluminum is commonly used as a fuel additive for propellants. The main limitations to its use lie in comparatively slow ignition and oxidation/combustion kinetics. Combustion performance of aluminized propellants can be improved through the use of Ni-coated Al particles. Sub-micron to nano-sized particles, with their increased reactivity, also improve combustion performance. Hence, in these contexts, fine Ni particles coated onto commercially available micron-sized Al powders using a modified polyol process were synthesized and evaluated. Ni-coated Al powders of various compositions produced by this method showed significant improvement in oxidation kinetics compared to untreated Al powders. The onset oxidation temperatures for the Ni-coated Al powders were found to be significantly reduced compared to pure untreated Al.     

Removal of inclusions from molten aluminum with actively coated ceramic filters

1　INTRODUCTIONMoltenaluminumissoactivethatitreactseasilywithO2 andH2 OtoproduceAl2 O3inclusionsandH2duringmeltingpractice .However ,someinclusions ,suchasAl2 O3,Al4 C3,MgAl2 O4 etc ,areproducedduringelectrolyticprocess .Aluminum productscon tainingtheseinclusionswill probablyexhibit poortoughnesspropertiesinservice[1,2 ] .Theinclusionsof 30 μmindiametercannotre movedfrommoltenaluminumusing glassfibrouswebsorfoamceramicfilters .Fromkineticsofchemi calreaction ,itisshownthatliquidalu…     

Synthesis and characterization of cerium-modified cubic mesoporous silica

The cerium-modified cubic mobil composition of matters 48 (MCM-48) molecular sieves were synthesized using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as templates at low molar ratio of surfactant to inorganic precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the well-ordered cubic mesostructure was obtained when the Ce/Si molar ratio is less than 0.05. With the increase of Ce/Si molar ratio, the increase of unit cell parameters and the change of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provide powerful evidences for the incorporation of cerium in the framework of mesoporous molecular sieves. Nitrogen sorption data indicate that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the average pore diameter of Ce(Ⅲ)-MCM-48 are 1288 m 2·g -1 and 4.2 nm, and those of Ce(Ⅳ)-MCM-48 are 1228 m 2·g -1 and 3.7 nm, respectively. Diffuse reflectance UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy confirms the presence of Ce(Ⅲ) in the octahedral position and Ce(Ⅳ) in the fluorite structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies further reveal that Ce(Ⅲ) and Ce(Ⅳ) coexist in the framework of mesoporous molecular sieves.     

Study on wear behavior of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on aluminum alloy

Thick and hard ceramic coatings were fabricated on A356 aluminum alloy by using plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) technique.The microstructure and phase composition of the PEO coatings were examined by using SEM and XRD method.It is found that the PEO coatings are mainly composed of crystalline α-Al2O3 and mullite.The dry sliding wear test of PEO coatings were carried out on a ring-on-ring wear machine.Results shows that there is hardly no wear loss of polished PEO coatings while the wear rate of uncoated aluminum alloy is 4.3×10-5 mm3·(N·m)-1 at a speed of 0.52 m·s-1 and a load of 40 N.     

Vapor pressure and thermochemical properties of ZrCl4 for ZrC coating of coated fuel particles

Vapor pressure of zirconium tetrachloride（ZrCl4）under vacuum and an argon pressure of 1 × 105 Pa was measured. The thermochemical changes of ZrCl4 during evaporation were studied by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis（TG-DTA）, X-my diffractometry（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy-dispersive X-ray（EDX） analysis. At the same temperature, vapor pressures of ZrCl4 under vacuum and an argon pressure of 1× 10^5 Pa are approximately the same. The vapor pressure exceeds 1 × 10^5 Pa at 340 ℃, which is high enough for ZrC coating of coated fuel particles. ZrCl4 sample is hydrolyzed to some extent to give ZrO2 and HCl, which however, has little influence on vapor pressure of ZrCl4 at high temperature. No ZrCl3 and Cl2 are produced by decomposition of ZrCl4 during evaporation, which is confirmed by thermodynamic calculation.     

Preparation technology and anti-corrosion performances of black ceramic coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation on aluminum alloys

In order to prepare ornamental and anti-corrosive coating on aluminum alloys, preparation technology of black micro-arc ceramic coatings on Al alloys in silicate based electrolyte was studied.The influence of content of Na2WO4 and combination additive in solution on the performance of black ceramic coatings was studied; the anticorrosion performances of black ceramic coatings were evaluated through whole-immersion test and electrochemical method in 3.5% NaCl solution at different pH value; SEM and XRD were used to analyze the surface morphology and phase constitutes of the black ceramic coatings.Experimental results indicated that, without combination additives, with the increasing of Na2WO4 content in the electrolyte, ceramic coating became darker and thicker, but the color was not black; after adding combination additive, the coating turned to be black; the black ceramic coating was multi-hole form in surface.There was a small quantity of tungsten existing in the black ceramic coating beside α-Al2O3 phase and β-Al2O3 phase.And aluminum alloy with black ceramic coating exhibited excellent anti-corrosion property in acid, basic and neutral 3.5% NaCl solution.     

Production and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys with dispersed nanoscale quasicrystalline and amorphous particles

By the dispersion of nanoscale quasicrystalline and amorphous particles in Al phase, new Al-based alloys with good mechanical properties were developed in a high Al concentration range of 93–95 at.% for Al−Cr−Ce−Co, Al−V−Fe, Al−Ti−M and Al−Fe−Cr−Ti alloy systems. The Vickers hardness of a melt-quenched (MQ) Al_84.6Cr_15.4 alloy with almost a single icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (QC) was 710. The addition of Ce and Co in the Al−Cr binary alloys was effective for the extension of the concentration range of the QC to a lower solute concentration range. The fracture strength (σ_f) increased to 1340 MPa for the MQ Al_94.5Cr₃Ce₁Co_1.5 alloy in which the particle size and volume fraction were approximately 40 nm and 70%, respectively. The σ_f of the MQ Al₉₄V₄Fe₂ alloy was 1390 MPa and the particle size and volume fraction were about 10 nm and 50%, respectively. Similarly, σ_f of the MQ Al₉₃Ti₄Fe₃ alloy was 1320 MPa and the particle size and volume fraction were about 11 nm and 30%, respectively. Power metallurgy (P/M) Al₉₃Fe₃Cr₂Fe₂ alloy with dispersed nanoscale QC exhibited ultimate tensile strength (σ_UTS) of 660 MPa, 0.2 % proof stress (σ_0.2) of 550 MPa, plastic elongation (ε_P) of 4.5%, Young's modulus (E) of 85 GPa, Vickers hardness (Hv) of 192 and specific strength (σ_UTS/ρ) of 2.20×10⁵ Nm/kg at room temperature and σ_UTS of 350 MPa, σ_0.2 of 330 MPa and ε_P of 1.5% at 573 K. The QC structure in the P/M Al₉₃Fe₃Cr₂Ti₂ alloy remained almost unchanged even after annealing for 720 ks at 573 K and good wear resistance against S50C steel was also maintained for the extruded alloy tested at sliding velocity of 0.5 to 2 m/sec. These mechanical properties are promising for the future extension of the new Al-based alloys to practical materials. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “The 3rd KIM-JIM Joint Symposium on Advanced Powder Materials”, held at Korea University, Seoul, Korea, October 26–27, 2001 under auspices of The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials and The Japan Institute of Metals.     

电压对铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成的影响

研究了正向和负向电压对6063铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层形成的影响,并结合微弧氧化过程中正向电流密度的变化,对影响机理进行了探讨.结果表明,提高正负向电压均有利于提高陶瓷层的厚度与均匀性当正负向电压从420V/120V提高到480V/200V时,陶瓷层厚增加了一倍;负向电压对陶瓷层形成的影响更加显著,当保持正向电压440V不变,负向电压从120V提高到200V时,层厚增加了约60%,均匀性明显提高.正负向电压提高时,通过试样的正向电量随之增大,而且与陶瓷层厚度之间有着较好的线性关系.正向和负向电压分别通过加快物质的迁移和强化膜层的击穿从而促进陶瓷层的形成.     

金属铝粉表面纳米膜包覆

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对包覆有纳米膜的复合金属铝粉进行分析,发现纳米包覆膜的厚度为10 nm左右;金属粉的比表面积(BET)由包覆前的1.46 m2/g,包覆后增加到13.74 m2/g,提高了粉体的分散性;包覆后的铝粉孔径-孔容图呈很好的光滑曲线,表现出良好分散颗粒的孔径-孔容分布特征.热分析研究表明,包覆后的铝粉热量释放更大、更快速、更集中,适合于固体推进剂所要求的能量释放特点.     

高强度铝合金微等离子体电解氧化陶瓷质膜层影响因素

微等离子体电解氧化是在阳极氧化基础上发展起来的直接在轻合金表面原位生成γ-Al2 O3和α-Al2 O3陶瓷质膜的一项表面工程新技术.α-Al2 O3对陶瓷质膜层的性能起决定性作用,最大限度地促进α-Al2 O3的形成,是改善铝合金表面综合性能的关键.经过对国内近20个单位的调研,发现该技术在军工、航空、航天、机械等领域有着迫切的需求和广泛的应用前景,有望部分替代硬质氧化膜实现大规模生产.本文从基体材料、溶液特性及电参数三方面分析铝合金微等离子体氧化膜层的影响因素,重点分析基体合金元素对陶瓷质膜层的影响.指出该技术在高强度铝合金应用领域的发展方向并对其前景进行了展望.     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸改性硅胶脱除稀土料液中的铝

针对离子吸附型稀土矿浸出液中铝元素含量高、对稀土后续分离影响大的问题,本研究以3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)作为有机配体,以硅胶作为基体材料,通过化学合成3,5-二硝基水杨酸化学键合硅胶进行吸附除铝研究。结果表明:当3,5-二硝基水杨酸与Al³⁺的配位比为1:1、溶液pH=3.5、3,5-二硝基水杨酸改性硅胶用量为2g时,溶液中Al³⁺去除率达90%以上,稀土几乎无损失。采用紫外吸收的方法对机理进行研究,结果显示稀土料液中的Al³⁺通过取代3,5-二硝基水杨酸分子中羟基上的H+与其形成络合物,进而实现稀土与铝的分离。由吸附动力学研究可知,3,5-二硝基水杨酸改性硅胶对Al³⁺的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,其R²为0.98813。     

原位合成铝基复合材料凝固组织中TiB2粒子的特征

分析了原位合成制备的ＴｉＢ２ 粒子强化铝基复合材料不同凝固组织中ＴｉＢ２ 粒子的分布规律和形貌特征。研究结果表明, ＴｉＢ２ 在该复合材料中细化晶粒的作用较弱, 但有明显的聚集倾向, 其聚集程度与熔炼方式和加热温度有关; 经半固液成型处理的组织中ＴｉＢ２ 的分布特征未改善; 六边形和长条形ＴｉＢ２ 可以是同一形态的粒子在空间不同方位的表现, 六边形ＴｉＢ２ 的侧面为｛１２１０｝ 面; 测定了ＴｉＢ２粒子的尺寸分布。     

Microstructure and properties of mechanical alloying particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites prepared by semisolid stirring pouring method

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with mechanical alloying particles(SiC_p) were fabricated by the semisolid stirring pouring method. The inf luence of mechanical alloying particles and Mg on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction scanning(XRD), electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results show that the addition of Mg converts the agglomerate mechanical al oying particles in ZL101 matrix composites into dispersed distribution in ZL101-Mg matrix composites, large matrix grains into f ine equiaxed matrix grains, and eutectic phase into f ine particles. So the mechanical properties of ZL101-Mg matrix composites are better than those of ZL101 matrix composites. The mechanical properties of ZL101/ZL101-Mg matrix composites are gradually increased with the increase of the volume fraction of mechanical alloying particles. When the volume fraction of mechanical alloying particles is 3%, the Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the ZL101/ZL101-Mg matrix composites reach their maximum values.     

5083铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微弧氧化表面防护

采用微弧氧化技术在5083铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头表面制备一层均匀的陶瓷膜。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和显微硬度测试分析了微弧氧化膜的形貌、相组成和显微硬度,并采用浸泡方法研究了微弧氧化膜对焊接接头耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,接头表面微弧氧化膜均匀致密,铝合金焊缝区的显微硬度低于母相区,但微弧氧化膜的硬度比铝合金基体提高一个数量级,并且不同区域对应的微弧氧化膜硬度相同。在0.2 mol/L NaHSO3＋0.6 mol/L NaCl溶液中浸泡3天后,未氧化处理的焊接样品表面出现孔蚀,而微弧氧化处理的样品表面没有观察到腐蚀迹象。     

AZ91D镁合金表面覆铝的显微组织及性能

在大气环境中、恒定压力作用下,使用镁铝共晶合金粉末作为连接剂在AZ91D镁合金表面进行覆铝处理.利用扫描电子显微镜分析了铝箔与镁合金结合界面的显微组织结构,通过电化学腐蚀试验及球盘磨损试验对覆铝试样表面的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性进行了测试.结果表明,结合界面由Al_3Mg_2层、Mg_(17)Al_(12)层、镁铝共晶层、镁铝锌化合物层组成,覆铝后试样的耐蚀性、耐磨性较AZ91D镁合金均有提高.     

Adhesive strength and structure of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings grown in-situ on LY 12 aluminum alloy

The ceramic coatings containing zirconium dioxide were grown in-situ on LY l 2 aluminium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in mixed zirconate and phosphate solution. The phase composition and morphology of the coatings were studied by XRD and SEM. The adhesive strength of ceramic coatings was assessed by thermal shock test and tensile test. The results show that the coating is composed of m-ZrOz, t-ZrO2, and a little y-Al2O3. Along the section of the coating, t-ZrO2 is more on both sides than that in the middle, while m-ZrO2 is more in the middle than that on both sides. Meantime the coating is also composed of a dense layer and a loose layer. The coating has excellent thermal shock resistance under 550 ℃ and 600 ℃. And tensile tests show the adhesive strength of the dense layer of the coating with the substrate is more than 17.5 MPa.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe/SiO_2 core/shell nanocomposites

In a simple ethanol-water system,the magnetic α-Fe nanoparticles(with an average diameter of 10-40 nm)were prepared by reduction of Fe2 +using potassium borohydride in the presence of surfactant.Then the shell was formed by hydrolysis-condensation polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS)on the surface of the Fe particles.The samples were characterized by XRD,TEM,SAED,TG-DSC and VSM.The results indicate that a thin film of silica is coated on the surface of Fe particles through a Si-O-Fe bond.The coated shell of silica can effectively protect the Fe cores from being oxidized.     

Mechanical properties of borosilicate glass coated with pure aluminum by sputtering

Borosilicate glass was coated with pure aluminum by the radio frequency (RF) magnetron-sputtering method under various conditions. The mechanical properties of coated materials were investigated with respect to the sputtering conditions. The surface roughness (R _a) and porosity (p) measured on the coating increased when the initial temperature of the substrate (T _si) was increased. A positive correlation between R _a and p also was confirmed. The hardness of aluminum-coated material was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester. The hardness was greater in materials processed at higher T _si, although the hardness hardly depended on the RF output power, P _RF. However, the hardness of materials coated under every condition was inferior to that of the substrate glass. Strength tests of coated materials and the substrate glass also were conducted under three-point bending mode. The bending strength (σ _fm) of the coated material decreased with increasing T _si, although it was better than that of the substrate glass. A good correlation between σ _fm and hardness was observed for coated materials, irrespective of the sputtering condition.     

纯铝及其合金的微等离子体氧化成膜特征

研究了纯Al及其合金LC9、LY12在偏铝酸钠溶液中微等离子体氧化成膜的特点.通过X射线衍射,SEM和EMPA等分析了陶瓷膜层的相组成及表面、截面形貌和膜层截面的元素含量分布,利用测厚仪测量了陶瓷膜层的厚度.结果显示:Al膜层由α-Al2O3相组成,LC9膜层由γ-Al2O3相组成,LY12膜层由γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3两相组成,且膜层都由致密层和疏松层构成;膜层的厚度随时间都近似呈线性变化;在Al和LY12膜层中,由内向外铝元素的含量逐渐增加;在LC9膜层中,铝元素的分布略呈两侧高中间低;在LC9和LY12膜层中,镁元素分布比较均匀;在LC9膜层中,含有很少量的锌元素,而铜元素含量很不明显;在LY12膜层中含有很少量的铜元素.     

磁控溅射铝膜的微观结构对磁致冷钆腐蚀性能的影响

研究了表面镀铝和未镀铝的钆的静态和电化学腐蚀试验。结果表明,未镀铝的钆在水作用下表面形成大量裂痕,而多角状的铝膜结构由于点蚀坑的存在比片状铝膜结构的耐腐蚀性能差。片状铝膜由于与基体之间形成有效的物理阻挡,且片状结构致密,延长了阴极保护。因此,制备表面层状铝膜结构是显著提高磁制冷钆表面耐腐蚀性能行的有效方法。