基于Laguerre多项式的边界积分方程时域求解

针对时域积分方程中存在的晚时震荡问题,介绍了基于Laguerre多项式的电场、磁场和混合场积分方程,求解了导体球和导体圆柱的时域电流分布和后向散射场以及单站RCS。结果表明,3种积分方程很好地解决了晚时震荡问题,混合场积分方程具有更高的计算精度。     

基于Laguerre多项式的边界积分方程时域求解

针对时域积分方程中存在的晚时震荡问题,介绍了基于Laguerre多项式的电场、磁场和混合场积分方程,求解了导体球和导体圆柱的时域电流分布和后向散射场以及单站RCS。结果表明,3种积分方程很好地解决了晚时震荡问题,混合场积分方程具有更高的计算精度。     

精确稳定求解时域电场积分方程的一种新方法

时域电场、磁场和混合场积分方程已被广泛用来分析散射体的时域散射响应.基于适当的空间积分方法和隐式的时间步进算(MOT)法在求解时域磁场和混合场积分方程时总是稳定的,然而在求解TDEFIE时则是不稳定的.在本文中,时域电场积分方程的非奇异性积分采用标准的高斯求积法来计算;而利用参数坐标变换和极坐标变换将其奇异性积分转换成为可以分区域精确快速计算的非奇异性积分.通过数值实验表明,利用该方法可以非常精确稳定地求解时域电场积分方程,即使是在时间迭代后期也不必采用任何求平均的过程;另外,该方法可以用于任意时间基函数并可以推广到高阶空间基函数的情形.     

求解IETD问题的CFIE方程之比较

针对基于矩量法的积分方程时域求解存在的晚时震荡问题,分析两种稳定求解时域积分方程的混合场积分方程方法:隐式时间步进算法的混合场积分方程和基于拉盖尔多项式阶数步进算法的混合场积分方程。计算了目标的时域散射场和单站雷达散射截面,两种方法求得的结果吻合较好,表明两种方法解决时域积分方程晚时震荡问题的有效性。     

一种改进的时间步进稳定性平均方法

介绍了时域积分方程方法（TDIE）的基本原理,提出一种抑制时域电场积分方程（TDIE）时间步进（MOT）后期振荡的新平均算法,提高了MOT算法后期的稳定性。计算了高斯脉冲波照射到金属立方体时目标表面的电流响应,数值结果表明,该方法简单有效地推迟了TDIE后期震荡时间。     

一种求解目标内谐振时散射截面的有效方法

众所周知,在内谐振频率点上,用矩量法求解电场或磁场表面积分方程将得到不正确的表面电流。文中应用奇异值分解和正交化方法对由电场积分方程计算出的表面电流进行修正,从而得到目标表面上产生散射场的真实电流分布。文中计算了一无限长理想导体圆柱内谐振时的散射截面,所得结果与解析解一致,并对一无限长理想导体正方柱的后向散射截面进行了计算,结果表明本文方法是有效和准确的。     

一种求解内谐振条件下导体散射特性的有效方法

众所周知,在内谐振条件下,用积分方程法分析导体的散射特性时,不论是电场积分方程还是磁场积分方程,所求得的解都是不唯一或者不稳定的。本文提出了一种新的方案,通过引入一个微小的复频率,并结合逼近理论求得导体表面的真实电流密度,从而得到正确的导体散射特性。此方法具有实现简单和概念清晰的优点。文中分别以无限长理想导体正方柱和两个理想导体球为例,并将计算结果与混合场积分方程法所得的结果进行比较,它们之间良好的一致性说明了本文所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

适用于电磁混合源散射求解的新型积分方程数值方法

含腔导电目标电磁散射的混合场积分方程求解方法中,将出现电场积分方程算子和磁场积分方程算子同时作用于待求混合源的复杂情况,使计算复杂度大为提高.本文导出"均衡混合场积分方程"及其数值方法,使作用于电流和磁流的积分算子完全相同,大大简化了计算.均衡混合场积分方程与多层快速多极子方法(MLFMA)结合使用,可以方便地求解含腔导体目标的电磁散射.本文给出的数值实例充分证明了这一方法的高精度和高效率.     

求解任意形状目标时域电磁散射的隐式算法分析

推导了采用不同差分格式求解时域磁场积分方程的隐式算法表达式,将不同差分格式的电场和磁场积分方程相结合,建立了9种混合时域积分方程.采用不同入射信号形式分别对金属球体、导弹缩比模型进行仿真,分析了3种(电、磁、混合)积分方程不同差分形式隐式算法的性能.通过与球体散射数据的解析解以及导弹模型暗室测量数据和频域结果的逆傅立叶变换数据相比较验证方法的有效性.     

利用时间步进算法精确稳定求解时域积分方程

 时域阻抗矩阵元素的计算需要分别计算场单元和源单元上的空时积分,由于时间基函数的分域性以及时间基函数(如三角型时间基函数)导数的不连续性,使得采用高斯积分方法计算源单元上空时积分的计算精度较差且误差随着时间步长的减小而增大.本文通过将源单元上空时积分转变成为1D时间卷积分和1D空间解析积分来精确计算时域阻抗矩阵元素,并在此基础上利用时间步进算法求解了时域电场、磁场和混合场积分方程.通过计算实例表明该方法在较大的时间步长取值范围内均能确保时域积分方程时间步进算法求解的精度和后时稳定性.     

Contamination of the Accuracy of the Combined-Field Integral Equation With the Discretization Error of the Magnetic-Field Integral Equation

We investigate the accuracy of the combined-field integral equation (CFIE) discretized with the Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis functions for the solution of scattering and radiation problems involving three-dimensional conducting objects. Such a low-order discretization with the RWG functions renders the two components of CFIE, i.e., the electric-field integral equation (EFIE) and the magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE), incompatible, mainly because of the excessive discretization error of MFIE. Solutions obtained with CFIE are contaminated with the MFIE inaccuracy, and CFIE is also incompatible with EFIE and MFIE. We show that, in an iterative solution, the minimization of the residual error for CFIE involves a breakpoint, where a further reduction of the residual error does not improve the solution in terms of compatibility with EFIE, which provides a more accurate reference solution. This breakpoint corresponds to the last useful iteration, where the accuracy of CFIE is saturated and a further reduction of the residual error is practically unnecessary.     

Direct solution of the EFIE with half the computation

When using the electric field integral equation (EFIE) with the same basis and testing functions, a complex symmetric (non-Hermitian) moment method matrix results. Stable methods that directly solved this matrix with roughly half the storage and execution time required for the nonsymmetric case exist. Apparently these methods are relatively unknown among moment method practitioners. Furthermore, the resulting advantage in storage and execution time of the EFIE (when a direct solution is used) over other methods (such as the MFIE and CFIE) seems not to be widely appreciated     

GPU加速混合场积分方程求解导体目标散射问题

利用图形处理单元（GPU）加速混合场积分方程（CFIE）分析导体目标电磁散射问题。较电场积分方程（EFIE）和磁场积分方程（MFIE）,CFIE消除了内谐振问题,并且具有更好的条件数。求解的数值方法为基于 RWG基函数的矩量法（MoM）。所有计算步骤均在 GPU上实现,包括：阻抗元素填充、电压向量填充、矩阵方程的共轭梯度（CG）求解、雷达散射截面（RCS）计算。在保证数值精确度的前提下获得了数十倍的速度提升。     

Hierarchal vector boundary elements and p-adaption for 3-Delectromagnetic scattering

This paper describes the development of new vector boundary elements for solving electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems. The new elements are suitable for the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), electrical field integral equation (EFIE), or the combination field integral equation (CFIE). The basis functions are assigned to the edges of an element, rather than to its nodes. The new element guarantees the continuity of the normal component of the surface current across element edges. Furthermore, the basis functions are hierarchical from linear to higher order, which enables one to use the new elements in a p-adaption scheme     

Integral equation solution for analyzing scattering fromone-dimensional periodic coated strips

A set of integral equations based on the surface/surface formulation are developed for analyzing electromagnetic scattering by one-dimensional periodic structures. To compare the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the formulation, the electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), and combined field integral equation (CFIE) are developed for analyzing the same structure for different excitations. Due to the periodicity of the structure, the integral equations are formulated in the spectral domain using the Fourier transform of the integrodifferential operators. The generalized-biconjugate-gradient-fast Fourier transform method with subdomain basis functions is used to solve the matrix equation     

Linear-Linear Basis Functions for MLFMA Solutions of Magnetic-Field and Combined-Field Integral Equations

We present the linear-linear (LL) basis functions to improve the accuracy of the magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE) and the combined-field integral equation (CFIE) for three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems involving closed conductors. We consider the solutions of relatively large scattering problems by employing the multilevel fast multipole algorithm. Accuracy problems of MFIE and CFIE arising from their implementations with the conventional Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis functions can be mitigated by using the LL functions for discretization. This is achieved without increasing the computational requirements and with only minor modifications in the existing codes based on the RWG functions     

A higher order parallelized multilevel fast multipole algorithm for3-D scattering

A higher order multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) is presented for solving integral equations of electromagnetic wave scattering by three-dimensional (3-D) conducting objects. This method employs higher order parametric elements to provide accurate modeling of the scatterer's geometry and higher order interpolatory vector basis functions for an accurate representation of the electric current density on the scatterer's surface. This higher order scheme leads to a significant reduction in the mesh density, thus the number of unknowns, without compromising the accuracy of geometry modeling. It is applied to the electric field integral equation (EFIE), the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), and the combined field integral equation (CFIE), using Galerkin's testing approach. The resultant numerical system of equations is then solved using the MLFMA. Appropriate preconditioning techniques are employed to speedup the MLFMA solution. The proposed method is further implemented on distributed-memory parallel computers to harness the maximum power from presently available machines. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method as well as the convergence of the higher order scheme     

应用FEKO混合MFIE-EFIE技术加速收敛

电场积分方程(EFIE)适用任意结构电磁问题分析,但是生成的矩阵条件数大,迭代求解收敛性差;而磁场积分方程(MFIE)生成的矩阵条件数小,迭代收敛性好,但是仅能分析封闭结构问题.FEKO提供了混合MFIE-EFIE技术来分析综合的电磁场问题,如封闭结构与开放结构同时存在的混合问题.混合MFIE-EFIE方法同时具备电场积分方程的通用性与磁场积分方程的快速收敛性.