Structure and properties of rapidly solidified 7075 P/M aluminum alloy modified with nickel and zirconium

Aluminum alloy 7075 was modified by additions of 1.1 wt pct nickel and 0.8 wt pct zirconium, rapidly solidified by ultrasonic gas atomization, canned, cold compacted, hot extruded, and evaluated in terms of structure and properties. Significant improvements in tensile strength (627 MPa YS and 680 MPa UTS) and crack growth rates were realized, along with a decrease in fracture toughness (23.7 MPa√m) while maintaining ductility (10 pct elong.) as compared to nominal I/M 7075 behavior. The stress for 10⁷ cycles fatigue life was greater than 275 MPa, which represents a 73 pct increase over that of I/M 7075. A variety of experiments was performed to evaluate effects on strength, ductility, and on structure. The variables were: powder size distribution, extrusion ratio, extrusion profile, different size fractions from the same lot of powder, and different locations of test bars in the several extrusions. Tensile properties, toughness, and fatigue properties were not importantly influenced by the location of test bars in the cross section or length of rectangular extruded bars. A comparison of mechanical properties from extruded bars prepared from ?53 μm powdersvs 53 to 250 μm powders showed a small loss of ductility and fatigue stress for 10⁷ cycles for the fine powder product. Higher extrusion ratios were beneficial for mechanical properties.     

Effect of the strain rate and test temperature on the mechanical properties of a Ti-Ni-Fe shape memory alloy

The test temperature (from ?196 to +50°C) and the strain rate (from 10^?4 to 10³ s^?1) are found to affect the character of deformation of a shape memory alloy TN1K based on titanium nickelide and alloyed with iron. The shapes of the tensile and compressive curves are shown to depend on the position of the test temperature with respect to the characteristic phase-transition temperatures. The mechanical properties are extremal in the temperature ranges corresponding to the R phase region. As the strain rate increases in the quasi-static range, the strength characteristics of the material increase and the plastic characteristics decrease. As the strain rate increases in the quasi-static range, the yield strength changes analogously; in this case, a yield drop appears in the compressive and tensile stress-strain diagrams. The data obtained are used to optimize the technology of the thermomechanical joints of pipelines and construction elements.     

粉末冶金低合金钢的制备和性能研究进展

从粉末制备、成形工艺、烧结工艺和组织控制等方面,系统的介绍了国内外粉末冶金低合金钢的制备技术,并对其研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

Structure formation in and magnetic properties of a P/M iron-chromium-cobalt alloy

Conclusions A study was made of the dependence of the processes of structure formation in a P/M iron-chromium-cobalt alloy on heat treatment conditions. Optimum magnetic properties are attained in an alloy of this composition after 3-h sintering at a temperature of 1290±10°C, TMT, and stepwise tempering. The alloy investigated and the process developed can be employed for the industrial manufacture of permanent magnets.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 9(237), pp. 60–63, September, 1982.     

烧结气氛与温度对AlCuMgSi合金性能的影响

采用Al-3.8Cu-1.0Mg-0.75Si铝合金粉末,分别在高纯氮气、高纯氩气、高纯氢气和分解氨等4种气氛下烧结,对比研究不同烧结气氛下制备的合金致密度、力学性能、尺寸变化和显微组织等性能。同时研究高纯氮气气氛下烧结温度对合金性能的影响。结果表明,在590℃烧结温度条件下,高纯氮气气氛中烧结的合金性能最佳,密度达2.66 g/cm3、致密度为97.1%,硬度为23 HRB,抗拉强度为205 MPa,尺寸收缩率为1.65%;高纯氢气中烧结的合金密度、硬度及强度都最低,抗拉强度为96 MPa,屈服强度只有74 MPa,合金组织中存在大量孔隙。随烧结温度升高,烧结坯中的液相逐渐增多,使合金烧结密度增大,强度提高,在590℃烧结的合金抗拉强度最高,为205 MPa;610℃烧结时产生过烧现象,元素偏析严重,合金性能下降。     

Test temperature and strain rate effects on the properties of a tungsten heavy alloy

Liquid phase sintered tungsten heavy alloy specimens with a 90W-7Ni-3Fe composition were tested for temperature and strain rate effects on mechanical behavior. Both fracture stress and strain were measured for samples tested at 20, 300, or 600 °C, with crosshead speeds ranging from 0.004 to 400 mmJs in an argon atmosphere. Fracture surface examinations showed a dramatic increase in tungsten cleavage as the ductility increased. The effect of an increasing strain rate is a slight strength increase with a concomitant ductility decrease. Alternatively, higher test temperatures degrade strength with a nonsystematic effect on ductility; maximum ductility occurs at 300 °C and a slow strain rate. Surface oxidation at 600 °C greatly degrades ductility. The results are mathematically modeled using classic strain rate dependent equations.     

粉末冶金Mg-6Al-xZr合金的组织与力学性能

采用机械合金化和粉末冶金技术制备了Mg-6Al-xZr(x=0、3、6、9)(质量分数)合金,研究了Zr含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:550℃烧结态合金的组织由Mg基体、Zr以及Mg17Al12相组成,同时存在大量微孔;随着Zr含量的升高,Mg基体晶粒尺寸以及孔隙均变小,合金显微组织细化;合金的硬度和抗弯强度随Zr含量的增加而提高;650℃复烧后Al元素向Zr颗粒内部扩散并生成中间相Al3Zr,合金的力学性能进一步提高。     

Effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of extruded P/M alloy 718

The structure and mechanical properties of alloy 718 prepared from argon atomized powder have been investigated for a wide range of extrusion ratios and temperatures. The tensile and stress-rupture properties of extruded bar are sensitive to heat treatment. Notch ductility can be conferred through appropriate combination of solution anneal and intermediate temperature age. Structural evaluation shows that such treatment provides a uniform grain structure together with a coarseγ′’ precipitate dispersion and small amounts of δ Ni₃Cb phase at grain boundaries.     

Effect of heat treatment on the structure and properties of extruded P/M alloy 718

The structure and mechanical properties of alloy 718 prepared from argon atomized powder have been investigated for a wide range of extrusion ratios and temperatures. The tensile and stress-rupture properties of extruded bar are sensitive to heat treatment. Notch ductility can be conferred through appropriate combination of solution anneal and intermediate temperature age. Structural evaluation shows that such treatment provides a uniform grain structure together with a coarseγ′’ precipitate dispersion and small amounts of δ Ni₃Cb phase at grain boundaries.     

烧结温度对Ni-Cr-Mo合金性能的影响

Ni-Cr-Mo合金经冷压成型后于真空中以不同温度进行烧结。通过测定其相对密度、线收缩 率、拉伸强度和硬度,研究烧结温度对合金性能的影响。研究结果表明:当烧结温度不超过1330 ℃时,合金的相对密度、收缩率、拉伸强度和硬度随烧结温度的上升而缓慢增加;当温度上升到 1360℃时,合金的这些性能指标急剧增大;当温度上升到1390℃时,烧结后的合金试样外形发生 严重变形。     

粉末冶金Fe-Ni-Mo低合金钢的烧结硬化性能

以Fe-1.75％Ni-0.5％Mo雾化低合金钢粉为基础粉末,加入2％Cu和0.6％C,在600MPa压力下模压成形,在1120℃烧结30 min,制备Fe-Ni-Mo低合金钢材料,测试和分析该合金钢的硬度和抗拉强度以及显微组织;并利用热模拟实验机研究冷却速率(0.5、1.0、2.5、5和10℃/s)对该合金组织和性能...     

Effect of different sintering environments on the mechanical properties of P/M stainless steels

Conclusions The porosity, volume shrinkage, and mechanical properties of P/M stainless steels are determined by their sintering temperature and environment. In the case of sintering in hydrogen, with rise in temperature the shrinkage attained is smaller and the porosity greater compared with sintering in a vacuum. As a result of a strengthening of the solid solution by interstitial phases, made possible by metal being in contact with hydrogen and by the presence of zinc stearate, the ductility properties of the metal sharply deteriorate. Sintering in a vacuum is accompanied by an improvement in densification conditions, pore healing, and refinement of metal at all stages of sintering. This increases shrinkage, decreases porosity, and markedly improves ductility properties without excessively reducing strength.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 7(223), pp. 56–60, July, 1981.     

Effects of B,C, and Zr on the structure and properties of a P/M nickel base superalloy

The boron and carbon levels of a P/M nickel base superalloy were systematically varied in order to determine the mechanisms by which these elements strengthen the alloy, and their optimum concentration. Carbon levels were reduced to 20 ppm while the boron level was varied from 0.02 to 0.10 wt pct. Carbon levels of 0.002 and 0.05 wt pct were also studied, while maintaining a boron concentration of 0.02 wt pct. Zirconium levels were maintained at 0.06 wt pct. The resulting alloys were subjected to identical heat treatments and examinedvia SEM, TEM, and STEM microscopy. The alloys were also subjected to tensile, creep, stress-rupture, and fatigue crack growth tests. Results show that both carbon and boron have a strong influence on the formation of grain boundary precipitates, as expected. Carbon was present as the MC and M₂₃C₆ type carbides, while boron combined to form an intergranular M₃B₂ boride. Boron and zirconium were observed to be critical to the alloys' mechanical properties, although boron levels above the solubility limit resulted in no further improvement or debit in strength. Carbon additions resulted in no improvement in properties, indicating the feasibility of a carbon-free P/M superalloy. The role of the minor element additions is discussed in terms of both microstructural features and related strengthening mechanisms.     

马弗炉用镍基合金高温性能研究

在不同试验条件下比较不同镍基耐热合金的耐高温氧化及抗碳化性能,分析不同成分体系对镍基耐热合金长期高温性能的影响。研究表明,Al、Ni及Cr含量相对高的合金易形成氧化物保护膜,阻碍物质的扩散,从而提高了材料的抗高温氧化性能,同时,提高有利于晶界结合力的微量元素含量有助于提高合金的长期抗氧化、渗碳、蠕变等高温性能。     

Change of structure and mechanical properties of hard alloy in dependence on the temperature of infiltration of the titanium-carbide carcass with nickel alloys

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5, pp. 70–74, May, 1993.