一种内衣加酶液体洗涤剂的制备与应用

在优选的基础配方中加入液体蛋白酶,观察不同配方洗涤剂的耐寒耐热稳定性以及对蛋白污布的去污效果,同时研究不同条件对洗涤剂去污性能的影响。结果显示,所配制3种洗涤剂均具有良好的稳定性。加入蛋白酶的洗涤剂对蛋白污布的去污效果有显著提高,且去污力分别提高了45.1%和33.3%。加酶洗涤剂最佳去污条件为洗涤温度25～35 ℃,浸泡时间10～20 min,洗涤时间5～10 min,可结合实际情况选择洗涤方式。     

纤维素酶及其与蛋白酶和脂肪酶的复配在洗涤剂中的应用研究

研究了纤维素酶-脂肪酶和纤维素酶-蛋白酶复配体系,以及酶添加到洗衣液中对炭黑污布(J3-01)、蛋白污布(JB-02)和皮脂污布(JB-03)的协同去污能力,并通过正交实验研究了3种酶量的最佳配比。实验结果表明,纤维素酶与其他酶复配比例为1:1时,其对国标污布JB-02和JB-03的去污力最好。采用光学显微镜、电镜(SEM)考察了洗衣液中添加纤维素酶-蛋白酶、纤维素酶-蛋白酶-脂肪酶复配体系分别对染血渍污布、口红污渍污布的去污效果,并采用傅里叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对污布上的污渍进行定性分析。实验结果表明,将纤维素酶-蛋白酶、纤维素酶-蛋白酶-脂肪酶复配加入洗衣液中,其对染血渍污布、口红污渍污布有很好的去污效果。     

污垢组成、布基、去污条件对去污力评价的影响

介绍了在Ｌａｕｎｄｅｒ－Ｏｍｅｔｅｒ去污机中“Ⅲ类”浓缩粉和标准粉对人工皮脂污布和标准污布的去污力,讨论了污垢组成,基质和洗涤条件对去污力的影响,进一步,将此种去污力与实际污布在洗衣机中的去污力进行了比较。结果表明,人工皮脂污布在Ｌａｕｎｄｅｒ－Ｏｍｅｔｅｒ去污机中的洗洒结果更换近实际污布在洗衣机中的洗涤结果。     

蛋白污布的染制均匀性对洗涤剂去污力评价的影响

采用球磨机代替手工磨制炭黑制备改进蛋白污布(改进JB-02),通过测试标准洗衣粉、市售洗衣粉和含蛋白酶的标准洗衣粉对改进JB-02的去污值来评价所制备污布的质量。结果表明,使用球磨机磨制相比于手工磨制的炭黑颗粒的粒径变小,粒度分布变窄,分散均匀性提高;改进JB-02的染制均一度提高;标准洗衣粉对改进JB-02的去污值提高;当标准洗衣粉中蛋白酶的质量分数低于0.15%时,改进JB-02对蛋白酶的敏感度提高;改进JB-02的稳定性较好,可考虑作为标准产品使用。     

脂肪酶的去污及与表面活性剂配伍性能研究

研究了脂肪酶Ｌｉｐｏｌａｓｅ１００Ｌ在不同洗涤条件下对油酸甘油酯污布的去污性能,得出了能较好发挥其去污性能的洗涤条件为,脂肪酶浓度４０Ｌｕ／Ｌ;水质ＰＨ９．０;水质硬度０－８＊１０＾－４;洗涤温度２０℃－４０℃;洗涤时间２０ｍｉｎ－３０ｍｉｎ。     

彩漂液的应用研究

评价彩漂液对各种污垢的去除能力（包括对国标炭黑油污布，蛋白污布，皮脂污布、茶、咖啡、酱油等有色污垢），确定了最佳使用条件，使我们充分认识到彩漂液用于日常洗涤中能发挥强大的去污和杀菌作用，为彩漂液的市场推广提供依据。     

抗再沉积剂在洗衣液中的应用研究

分别选用了聚丙烯酸钠、改性聚乙二醇、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和改性聚乙烯亚胺配入洗衣液中,考察其在洗衣液中的抗再沉积性能。通过去污实验和循环洗涤实验,测定了污布和白布在洗涤前后的光谱反射率。去污实验表明,抗再沉积剂的加入可明显提高洗衣液对皮脂污布的去污力。循环洗涤实验表明,加入抗再沉积剂均可以提高洗衣液对棉布的白度保持,而当采用2种抗再沉积剂复配使用时,抗再沉积效果较好,对棉布的白度保持比对照样品提高3%～12%。     

加酶衣领净的研制

介绍了一种去污效果好的加酶衣领净的研制.用国标污布、衣领污布、蛋白污布去污试验考察了该加酶衣领净的去污效果,并和其它品牌衣领净去污效果作了对比.结果表明,该加酶衣领净去污力指标达到本企业标准,去污效果非常好,并对蛋白污垢有特殊的功效.     

洗衣粉去污力测定误差因素分析及对策

分析了洗衣粉去污性能测试过程中机械力、污布及读数分析等因素对去污测试结果的影响,结果表明,通过采用平行试验,调整污布及合理取舍洗后污布读数的方法,可有效降低去污性能测试过程中存在的误差.     

利用全规模洗涤方法对比评价几种国内外洗涤剂的去污性能

介绍了衣物洗涤剂的全规模洗涤评价方法,与立式去污机方法相比,全规模洗涤方法具有污布种类丰富、消费者相关性强的突出优点,能够比较真实地展现洗涤剂的综合去污性能。采用全规模洗涤方法对国内外洗涤剂的去污力性能进行了对比研究。结果显示,在本实验测试条件下,我国衣物洗涤剂样品的去污力性能同国外同类型产品样品相比存在较大差距,且国产洗衣液样品去污力低于国外洗衣粉样品。建议应用全规模洗涤方法进行洗涤剂配方的开发与评价,将有助于提高我国洗涤剂行业的整体技术水平。     

Redeposition of natural soils in a home laundry test

A procedure for measuring the redeposition of natural soils onto clean fabrics was developed. Laundry bundles of paired articles from typical households were divided and washed under controlled conditions in a home style washing machine. Large swatches of unsoiled fabrics were included in the laundry load. After each laundering small swatches were cut out for reflectance measurements. The large swatches were rated by panelists after every 5 cycles. Twenty cycles were run. Results demonstrated that the test discriminates between similar products. The effect seen was quite similar to the soil build-up which occurs in the Laundry Bundle Test ASTM-D-2960. However, the bundle test requires much time to complete while the test described here can be run at the rate of several cycles per day. Also, it is not necessary to purchase new clothing for each test. Presented at the AOCS meeting, Chicago, May 1983.     

Radiotracer detergency testing in a horizontal-axis washing machine

Proposed regulations by the U.S. Department of Energy have spurred development of energy-efficient washing machines that utilize less water and operate with lower energy requirements than conventional machines. As a result, major changes in washing machine design are required. Among expected changes are increased use of a horizontal-axis wash tub, an increase in fabric-to-wash liquor ratio, greater surfactant concentration in the wash water, and reduced average washing temperatures. As a result, surfactants used in future detergent formulations will be required to clean effectively in this new regime while producing minimal foam. Detergency test methods utilizing radiotracer techniques have been developed to study the detergency process in energy-efficient washing machines. Detergency and redeposition of radiolabeled oily soils can be determined in a full-size horizontal-axis washing machine through scintillation counting of wash and rinse water samples. Measurements can be made after each wash process step and combined to determine total cycle detergency. This is a distinct advantage over conventional reflectance detergency methods where only total detergency at the end of the entire washing and rinsing process can be conveniently measured. Also, in contrast to indirect reflectance methods, measurements of absolute soil removal are obtained with the radiotracer method. In this study, soil redeposition was determined by measuring residual radioactivity on fabric swatches and then performing a material balance on the oily soil.     

X荧光光谱法测试地质样品中的锡

采用X射线荧光光谱压片法对地质样品中Sn进行测试,通过人工配置标准样品和国家标准样品共同建立标准曲线,曲线梯度合理均匀,线性良好。该方法采用α经验系数法进行基体校正,采用Rh的康普顿散射作内标,对于地质样品中Sn元素的测试,检出限可达到3.59μg/g,样品的相对标准偏差可达到3.1%,测试效果理想。     

Nanocomposite acrylic paint with self-cleaning action

A nanodispersion of surface-functionalized fumed silica was incorporated into an acrylic paint formulation. SEM imaging indicated good dispersion of silica within the polymer matrix. This hybrid coating showed significantly lower dirt pick-up than the equivalent paint formulation without nanosilica additive, towards both organic and inorganic ashes. Washing with running water further decreases dirt retention. This self-cleaning performance remained unchanged after several dirt/washing cycles, during a 1-month period. Surface hardness measurements indicated no significant differences between the original and composite paint films. The lower dirt pick-up was attributed to nanoroughness created by the nanosilica particles present in the film.     

采用实际污布评价织物洗涤剂去污力评价手段的探讨

制述了织物洗涤剂去污力的测试方法应该更加贴合实际,并采用实际污布作为测试手段的重要性。探讨了当前实际污布的发展现状,分析了常见实际污布的种类、污渍附着于织物的方式,深入探讨了实际污布制作的方法,包括布基与污渍的匹配原则、几种人工污布制备的方式及针对不同种类污渍染制方法的选择等。     

A world pattern of the optimum ash levels of cleans from the washability data of typical coal seams

For every coal of specified size there is an optimal cut point, which more or less demarcates the free and fixed dirt in the coal. Technically speaking, one can expect the maximum advantage in washing a coal by separating it at this optimal cut point. A method is described for determining this point (the Optimum Degree of Washability) for any coal, from normal float-and-sink data. The Washability Number (directly calculated from the Optimum Degree of Washability) and the cleans ash at the optimum separation level are useful parameters for defining the ease or difficulty of washing. This Optimum Degree of Washability generally bears a rectilinear relation to the earlier Washability Index. While the values of Washability Number are generally higher and the optimum cleans ash level usually lower for the coal seams formed under quiescent conditions, the opposite is true for coal seams deposited under turbulent conditions. Thus, in the association of dirt (minerals) with coal (macerals), the higher the Washability Number, the greater is the heterogeneity of a coal seam inclusive of the dirt and vice versa. The Washability Number and the optimum cleans ash also undergo changes according to the size of crushing and grading of the raw coal. Characteristics on the above new basis are recorded for regional variation of some typical coal seams covering deposits of both ‘in situ’ and ‘drift’ origin, and significant observations were made regarding the trend of variation of the same seam at different sectors of the regions. In respect of deposits of drift origin, some regular sequence was also noted in the related values from the upper to the lower horizons. On the basis of typical data collected from more than 25 coal-producing countries, a worldwide projection has been made in this paper. A general pattern emerges with significant limits of variation between the coals of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This pattern could be better defined if further studies were conducted with coals of the same geological age and their washability characteristics were evaluated under standard conditions of test by crushing them initially to a particular top size. Further, from a knowledge of the different ranges of Washability Number, it is possible for a coal-preparation engineer to take tentative decisions on a size of crushing and a system of washing specifically suited to the beneficiation of any run-of-mine coal.     

水基厨房清洁剂的研制

文章通过表面活性剂复配技术研制出一种水基厨房清洁剂,并获得了该清洁剂配方中各组分含量与洗净力之间的变化规律。结果显示,所制备的厨房清洁剂去污快速,洗净力可达99.0%以上;且产品中不添加有机溶剂,碱度低,对不锈钢、铜、铝等常见金属无腐蚀,对厨具烤漆表面无损伤,具有广阔的市场前景。     

磷酸缓冲液快速洗涤纳米羟基磷灰石

目前广泛应用于生物医学领域的合成纳米羟基磷灰石大多数都是在pH>10的碱性条件下合成的,这就导致了在合成后期需要花大量时间、消耗大量水清洗羟基磷灰石以除去其碱性,影响后续实验研究和生产进程。本文基于中性磷酸缓冲液（PBS）建立了一种快速洗涤羟基磷灰石的方法。采用沉淀法以硝酸钙和磷酸三钠为原料制备了羟基磷灰石（HA）,用磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠配制了pH=7的PBS,采用所配制的PBS快速洗涤羟基磷灰石至中性,同时通过传统洗涤流程清洗另一批次羟基磷灰石至中性。通过TEM、XRD、IR、TG分析了两种洗涤方法生成产物的晶粒形貌、晶体尺寸及化学成分。结果表明：PBS快速洗涤法得到的产物与传统方法洗涤的羟基磷灰石的成分、晶体结构、尺寸及产物纯度无明显区别,但PBS洗涤可在一定程度上提高了HA晶体的结晶完整性和热稳定性。本文提出的PBS快速洗涤法节约清洗HA的去离子水达80%以上,大幅缩短洗涤周期,有望在实验室及工业生产中提高纳米羟基磷灰石的产出速率和压缩产出成本。     

洗衣粉去污力实验室评价方法的改进

按衣料用洗涤剂国家标准(GB/T 13174-2003)中去污力测定方法对3种标准污布进行了去污试验,发现标准规定的洗涤质量浓度0.2 g/L存在不足;在标粉质量浓度0.1 g/L~0.4 g/L下洗涤,其去污试验数据显示,洗涤差值随洗涤质量浓度的增加而增大,经精密度分析确定了洗涤质量浓度为0.3 g/L的试验洗涤浓度。通过对洗衣粉质量浓度为0.3 g/L洗涤实际去污力的测定,结果表明:质量浓度0.3 g/L下洗涤,洗衣粉在3块标准污布上洗涤结果的重复性和精密度均好于GB/T 13174-2003所规定的0.2 g/L。