316L不锈钢上电刷镀钯膜的组成与耐蚀性(英文)

利用电刷镀工艺在316L不锈钢上制备了结合力良好的钯膜。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、质量损失实验和电化学测试研究了膜层的性能。结果表明,电刷镀钯膜主要是由钯元素构成的;XPS分析表明,膜层中的钯为金属态。电刷镀钯后的不锈钢试样在沸腾的20%硫酸溶液和含0.005mol/L溴离子的甲酸和乙酸混合溶液中均显示了非常好的耐蚀性能。镀钯试样的腐蚀速率比不锈钢试样的下降了2个数量级。     

Electropolishing of 316L stainless steel for anticorrosion passivation

316L stainless steel is deemed an indispensable material in the semiconductor industry. In many instances, the surface of the production equipment needs to be treated for low-corrosion passivation, good finish, weldability, and cleanliness. The process characteristics of electropolishing meet these requirements well. The current study investigates the effects of the major processing parameters on the anticorrosion performance and the surface roughness. The electrolyte with 10% water content and a ratio between H₂SO₄ and H₃PO₄ of 4 and 6 has been proven to be successful, showing no corrosion pitting points on the specimen surface. The electrolyte temperature of 85±10 °C and the electrical current density of 0.5 to 1.0 A/cm² are found to be optimal. The processing time beyond 3 to 5 min produces no further improvement. The addition of 10% glycerin provides a very fine surface (maximum roughness of 0.05 μm), while the anticorrosion performance is deteriorated. The results obtained are useful for the manufacture of the semiconductor equipment.     

Study on corrosion resistance of palladium films on 316L stainless steel by electroplating and electroless plating

Palladium films with good adhesive strength were deposited on 316L stainless steel by electroless plating and electroplating. Scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, weight loss tests and electrochemical methods were used to study the properties of the films. The electroless plated palladium film mainly consisted of palladium, phosphorus and nitrogen, and the electroplated palladium film was almost pure palladium. XPS analysis indicated that palladium was present in the films as metal state. The palladium plated stainless steel samples prepared by both methods showed excellent corrosion resistance in strong reductive corrosion mediums. In boiling 20% dilute sulfuric acid solution, the corrosion rates of the palladium plated 316L stainless steel samples were four orders of magnitude lower than that of the original 316L stainless steel samples. In the solution with 0.01 M NaCl, the palladium plated samples also showed better corrosion resistance. In comparison, the electroplated samples showed slightly better corrosion resistance than electroless plated samples, which may be attributed to less impurities and thereby higher corrosion potential for the former.     

Bone-like apatite formation on HA/316L stainless steel composite surface in simulated body fluid

HA/316L stainless steel(316L SS) biocomposites were prepared by hot-pressing technique. The formation of bone-like apatite on the biocomposite surfaces in simulated body fluid(SBF) was analyzed by digital pH meter, plasma emission spectrometer, scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray energy spectrometer(EDX). The results indicate that the pH value in SBF varies slightly during the immersion. It is a dynamic process of dissolution-precipitation for the formation of apatite on the surface. With prolonging immersion time, Ca and P ion concentrations increase gradually, and then approach equilibrium. The bone-like apatite layer forms on the composites surface, which possesses benign bioactivity and favorable biocompatibility and achieves osseointegration, and can provide firm fixation between HA60/316L SS composite implants and human body bone.     

Corrosion of a 316L stainless steel in a gaseous environment polluted with HCl: Mechanism

The corrosion of a 316L stainless steel (SS) exposed to a humid gas flow polluted with HCl has been studied. The mixture is carried out in a reactor connected to two gas feedthroughs: one with wet air and one with HCl(g). The corrosion mechanism comprehension is based on several steps. The presence of humid air polluted by HCl involves the creation of a precursor film that can evolve to droplet formation. In contact with this acid and chloride concentrated electrolyte, the 316L SS corrodes producing soluble ferrous chloride. This corrosion product can evolve to the oxide formation, depending of the HCl concentration. For high concentrations, 316L SS corrodes uniformly. However, this phenomenon is accompanied by pits when the HCl concentration is not sufficient or the HCl flow is not continuous. The particularity of the corrosion mechanisms is shown as well as the problems using materials in an HCl-polluted gaseous environment.     

Eis and XPS study of surface modification of 316LVM stainless steel after passivation

The effects of surface finish, nitric acid passivation and ageing in air on corrosion resistance of 316LVM stainless steel in 0.5% H₂SO₄ have been investigated by EIS, potentiodynamic polarization measurements and XPS. The results indicate that a smoother surface exhibits to a higher corrosion resistance. The effectiveness of the passivation treatment strongly depends on nitric acid concentration, passivation time and temperature. The passivation treatment significantly increases the corrosion resistance due to a high Cr content in the passive film and increased film thickness. Ageing after passivation increases the corrosion resistance whereas ageing before passivation has little effect.     

Electrochemical behavior of SUS316L stainless steelafter surface modification

1　INTRODUCTIONAsametallicimplantdevice ,coronarystentsneedgoodmechanicalperformance ,wonderfulanti corrosionbehavioraswellasbloodcompatiblecapabil ityforinvivoenvironments.Nowadaysthestentsaremadebyausteniticstainlesssteel,cobalt basedalloy ,titaniumanditsalloy[1] .Amongthesematerials ,SUS316Lstainlesssteelisthemostcommonusedonebecauseofitscheapcost ,goodmechanicalbehaviorandlowcorrosionrate .Itdoeshowever ,frequentlycorrodeinthebody ,andreleasesomenoxiousionssuchasCr,Ni,Moions .Theio…     

316L不锈钢波纹管表面腐蚀失效分析

采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）及EDS能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、硬度计等对腐蚀失效316L不锈钢波纹管表面的显微组织、表面形貌、腐蚀前后的物相及显微硬度进行了分析。结果表明,腐蚀失效316L不锈钢波纹管显微组织中的相组成为奥氏体和少量的铁素体,铁素体相在使用过程中最先被腐蚀是造成316L不锈钢波纹管的耐蚀性能下降的主要原因。316L不锈钢波纹管腐蚀表面含有较多铁的氧化物和硫化物以及铝的氧化物,蚀坑深度达30.6 mm。     

Numerical simulations study of the localized corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel and pure titanium in a simulated body fluid environment

The resistance of both AISI 316L stainless steel (AISI 316L SS) and commercially pure titanium (cpTi) to localized corrosion in a simulated body fluid solution was investigated using numerical simulations. The resulting model, based on transport equations in dilute solutions, is designed to predict the susceptibility of these two biomaterials to crevice corrosion initiation. The results show that cpTi and AISI 316L SS alloy are very resistant to the initiation of crevice corrosion in 0.9% NaCl solution and AISI 316L SS alloy is more susceptible to corrosion initiation over the long term than cpTi.     

Lattice rotation induced by plasma nitriding in a 316L polycrystalline stainless steel

The introduction at moderate temperature of nitrogen in the 316L austenitic stainless steel by plasma nitriding modifies the crystallographic texture in the very near surface region. The evolution of texture components has been quantitatively characterized by electron backscattered diffraction. The analysis of these experiments shows that the amplitude of the lattice rotation as well as the direction of rotation are directly related to the initial orientation of each grain. The retexturing behaviour is consistent with the lattice rotation upon tensile elongation of polycrystalline materials predicted by the Taylor model.     

Study of Ce-modified antibacterial 316L stainless steel

316L stainless steel is widely used for fashion jewelry, but it can carry a large number of bacteria and bring the risk of infection since the steel has no antimicrobial performance. In this paper, the effects of Ce on the antibacterial property, corrosion resistance and processability of 316L were studied by microscopic observation, thin- film adhering quantitative bacteriostasis, and electrochemical and mechanical tests. The results show that a trace of Ce can distribute uniformly in the matrix of 316L and slightly improve its corrosion resistance in artificial sweat. With an increase in Ce content, the Ce is prone to form clustering, which degrades the corrosion resistance and the processability. The Ce-containing 316L exhibits Hormesis effect against S. aureus. A small Ce addition stimulates the growth of S. aureus. As the Ce content increases, the modified 316L exhibits an improved antibacterial efficacy. The more Ce is added, the better antibacterial capability is achieved. Overall, if the 316L is modified with Ce alone, it is difficult to obtain the optimal combination of corrosion resistance, antibacterial performance and processability. In spite of that, 0.15 wt.%-0.20 wt.% Ce around is inferred to be the best trade-off.     

Fatigue strength of 316L-type stainless steel in simulated body fluids

The fatigue strength of commercial SUS316L stainless steel was studied in PBS(−) (phosphate buffer solution) with different dissolved oxygen contents and CPBS (a 0.9 mass% NaCl-containing citric phosphate buffer solution) with different pH levels, i.e., 5.0, 6.0, and 7.5. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The fatigue behaviour in PBS(−) was hardly affected by the dissolved oxygen content. (2) The fatigue strength in a high-cycle region was much lower in CPBS of pH 7.5 than in PBS(−) of pH 7.5. (3) The fatigue strength in CPBS decreased with decreasing pH from 7.5 to 5.0.     

316L不锈钢管道焊接工艺

我公司承担了攀钢煤化公司回收Ⅱ期脱酸蒸氨装置改造工程 ,该工程大部分是要求耐酸耐碱腐蚀的不锈钢管道 ,材质为 316Ｌ。工程质量的好坏 ,将直接影响到生产的安全运行。因此 ,制定合理有效的不锈钢焊接工艺是关键。1　焊接工艺( 1)焊接方法。由于现场多数为不锈钢管道 ,且大小不一 ,根据不锈钢的焊接特点 ,尽可能减小热输入量 ,故采用手工电弧焊、氩弧焊两种方法 ,ｄ >15 9ｍｍ的采用氩弧焊打底 ,手工电弧焊盖面。ｄ≤15 9ｍｍ的全用氩弧焊。焊机采用手工电弧焊 /氩弧焊两用的ＷＳ7-4 0 0逆变式弧焊机。( 2 )焊接材料。奥氏体不锈钢是…     

Prediction of pitting corrosion of surface treated AISI 316L stainless steel by artificial neural network

Abstract

This paper presents an artificial neural network based solution method for modelling the pitting resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel in various surface treated forms. Surface treatment is a promising technique for improving the corrosion resistance of stainless steels. In this study, cyclic polarisation tests were performed before and after surface treatment. Experimental results were modelled by the neural network. The artificial neural network model exhibited superior performance based on the fitness of the observed versus predicted data. The results showed that the predicted data from the neural network model were considerably similar to the experimental data. The model has been saved and can easily be used to predict the corrosion in different surface treatment methods.     

退火对表面机械研磨处理纳米化316L不锈钢性能的影响

通过对未表面纳米化、表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)法表面纳米化和表面纳米化后退火处理的316L不锈钢性能变化的研究,试图获得一种可以提高该材料表面硬度和抗点蚀性能的方法。采用点蚀实验和硬度实验方法,并在3.5%NaCl水溶液中测量了不同样品的极化曲线。结果表明,316L不锈钢表面纳米化后抗点蚀性能下降;表面纳米化后经退火处理的316L不锈钢随退火温度升高和退火时间延长抗点蚀性能会重新恢复。316L不锈钢经SMAT法表面纳米化加适当退火,可以获得较高硬度和较高抗点蚀性能的表面层。     

Peening action and residual stresses in high-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying of 316L stainless steel

316L stainless steel powder was sprayed by a high-pressure high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. Effects of powder size and the pressure in the combustion chamber on the velocity and temperature of sprayed particles were studied by using an optical instrument, first, at the substrate position. A strong negative correlation between the particle temperature and the diameter was found, whereas the correlation between the velocity and the diameter was not significant. The pressure in the combustion chamber affected the velocity of sprayed particles significantly, whereas the particle temperature remained largely unchanged. In-situ curvature measurement was employed in order to study the process of stress generation during HVOF spraying. From the measured curvature changes, the intensity of peening action and the resultant compressive stress by HVOF sprayed particles were found to increase with the kinetic energy of the sprayed particles. The results were further used to estimate the stress distribution within the coatings. X-ray stress measurement revealed that the residual stress on the surface of the HVOF coatings is low and often in tension, but the stress inside the coatings is in a high level of compression.     

Effects of nitric acid passivation on the pitting resistance of 316 stainless steel

Samples of 316 stainless steel have been subjected to passivation treatments at ambient temperature for 1 h in solutions of up to 50 wt% nitric acid. Pitting potentials of the treated samples were measured in 1 M NaCl at 70°C and were shown to vary with the concentration of the pre-treatment; increasing with concentration up to 25 wt% and then decreasing as the acid concentration was further increased. The corrosion potential reached during the passivation treatment increased with acid concentration, such that the highest measured pitting potential was associated with a final passivation potential of 300–400 mV versus SCE. MnS inclusions were at least partially removed by treatment with any nitric acid concentration, whilst chromium enrichment of the film reached a peak value for an acid concentration of 25 wt%. The rate of metastable pitting was also found to vary with the concentration of the acid used in the passivation treatment, as did the probability of a metastable pit becoming stable. A probabilistic pitting model suggests that acid treatment reduces the number of possible pit initiation sites at low potentials, but the most dangerous sites in corrosion terms are also the most difficult to remove by acid treatment.     

Microstructure instability in TiC-316L stainless steel cermets

Titanium carbide (TiC) based cermets are commonly used in wear and corrosion resistance applications. The microstructural evolution, and related compositional instability, of TiC-based cermets prepared with a 316-L stainless steel binder is described in the present work. Samples were fabricated using a simple vacuum melt-infiltration procedure, with 5 to 30 vol.% binder. Infiltration temperatures ranged from 1475 °C to 1550 °C, held for up to 240 min, typically resulting in sintered samples with densities in excess of 99% of theoretical. It is demonstrated that irregularly shaped grains (concave/hollow) can arise after sintering, especially at 1475 °C, which is discussed in terms of the ‘instability of the solid-liquid interface’ theory. It is demonstrated that a complex, multi-layer core-rim structure arose for the cermets, with accommodation of selected steel constituents into the rim of the TiC grains. In particular, it is shown that the Mo in the original 316-L stainless steel is essentially fully depleted from the metallic binder phase, forming a Mo-rich inner-rim layer on the TiC grain cores.     

316L不锈钢冷凝管腐蚀失效分析

用316L不锈钢钢管作为冷凝管在800 ℃左右磷酸盐液中工作近半年后,发现钢管表面严重腐蚀,为找出失效原因,对其进行了宏观分析、化学分析、金相分析和扫描电镜分析.