初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响

为研究初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响,对三种不同初始缝高比(0.1、0.2、0.3)的钢纤维混凝土开展断裂韧性试验,计算相关的断裂参数,并借助声发射(AE)和数字图像法(DIC)分析了裂缝发展过程中AE能量和全场应变的变化规律。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的断裂韧性随初始缝高比的增大呈减小趋势,当初始缝高比为0.3时钢纤维混凝土的断裂性能大幅下降。钢纤维混凝土的断裂过程可根据AE能量划分为弹塑性阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段和断裂阶段,随初始缝高比增加,弹塑性阶段持续时间减少。DIC分析结果表明,在整个加载过程中,预制裂缝尖端会产生较大的应力集中,裂缝的横向应变较大。研究结果揭示了钢纤维混凝土裂缝发展机理,可为其工程应用提供理论支持。     

塑钢纤维磷渣混凝土弯曲性能研究

以不掺塑钢纤维的磷渣混凝土为基准,对纤维长度为30 mm、40 mm、55 mm和纤维掺量为3 kg/m³、6 kg/m³、9 kg/m³的塑钢纤维磷渣混凝土进行四点弯曲试验,研究不同纤维长度和纤维掺量对磷渣混凝土弯曲性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着塑钢纤维长度和掺量的增加,磷渣混凝土的抗弯强度随之增加,塑钢纤维长度为55 mm,掺量为3 kg/m³时,对磷渣混凝土抗弯强度增强效果最佳,抗弯强度比基准组提高了56%;随着塑钢纤维长度和掺量的增加,磷渣混凝土弯曲韧性指数不断增大,弯曲韧性不断提高,塑钢纤维长度为55 mm,掺量为9 kg/m³时,弯曲韧性指数I₂₀比基准组提高了9.8倍。     

微细钢纤维对高弹性模量混凝土力学性能的影响

基于修正的Furnas堆积模型和骨料紧密堆积试验设计了一种高弹性模量混凝土,并利用微细钢纤维改善高弹性模量混凝土的韧性,研究了钢纤维体积掺量对骨料紧密堆积状态下混凝土流动性能、强度、弹性模量及弯曲韧性的影响规律。结果表明:采用紧密堆积骨料和适量微细钢纤维可以构筑高弹性模量韧性混凝土,其静弹性模量和动弹性模量最高分别可达50.15 GPa和53.23 GPa,断裂能可达5 680.45 N/m,残余弯曲韧度比从0增加到0.43;高弹性模量混凝土的流动性能随着钢纤维掺量的增加而降低,抗折强度、弹性模量及弯曲韧性则均随着钢纤维掺量的增加而增加,混凝土的抗压强度随着钢纤维掺量增加先增加后降低。在骨料紧密堆积状态下,综合考虑流动性能、力学性能和工程经济性,高弹性模量混凝土中微细钢纤维的合理掺量为0.4%(体积分数)。     

钢纤维高强混凝土断裂韧度及影响因素

通过钢纤维高强混凝土切口梁三点弯曲试验,探讨了相对切口深度（a0/h）、粗骨料最大粒径（dmax）、水灰比（W/C）和钢纤维体积率（ρf）等因素对钢纤维高强混凝土断裂韧度（KfIC）和断裂韧度增益比（KfIC/KIC）的影响。结果表明：ρf一定时,KfIC随a0/h的增加逐渐减小,随dmax的增加呈增大趋势,随W/C的减小逐渐增加;a0/h一定时,KfIC随ρf的增加逐渐增大;钢纤维能够显著提高高强混凝土断裂韧度,KfIC/KIC大于1;影响因素不同,KfIC/KIC变化趋势不同。在分析试验结果的基础上,建立了钢纤维高强混凝土断裂韧度计算模式。     

钢纤维对钢筋混凝土梁弯曲韧性与疲劳损伤的影响

通过钢筋混凝土梁弯曲静载和等幅疲劳试验,研究了钢纤维对钢筋混凝土梁挠度、弯曲韧度、刚度以及刚度损伤累积的影响.结果表明:在弯曲静载试验中,梁的挠度随着钢纤维体积率的增加而逐渐减小,弯曲韧度逐渐增大;在疲劳试验中,各梁挠度增长和刚度损伤累积随着荷载循环次数增加均呈现三阶段变化规律,说明钢纤维掺入不会改变钢筋混凝土梁疲劳损伤发展规律,但会改变梁挠度和刚度的大小,随着纤维掺量增加,梁的挠度逐渐减小,刚度逐渐增加,抵抗变形能力增强.     

混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土力学性能研究

采用两种不同尺寸的钢纤维混合掺入活性粉末混凝土中;通过轴压、劈裂和四点弯曲的力学性能试验,研究混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度及抗折强度,得到不同钢纤维组合比例对活性粉末混凝土力学性能的改善作用;采用ASTMC1018提出的韧性指数法来衡量混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土弯曲韧性.结果表明:同体积纤维掺量下,混合钢纤维活性粉末混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及弯曲抗折强度均较单掺一种纤维有一定程度的提高;混合掺入钢纤维后活性粉末混凝土韧性改善效果显著,采用0.5％长纤维与1.5％短纤维组合可以达到最佳增韧效果.     

三点弯曲下钢纤维高强混凝土的断裂性能

通过50个尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×515 mm的钢纤维高强混凝土切口梁三点弯曲试验,研究钢纤维体积率对高强混凝土有效裂缝长度、断裂韧度和临界裂缝张开位移的影响.结果表明:随着钢纤维体积率的增加,钢纤维高强混凝土断裂韧度增益比基本呈线性增加,临界裂缝尖端和临界裂缝嘴张开位移分别呈指数型增加.有效裂缝长度趋于稳定值,基本不受钢纤维体积率变化的影响.在分析试验结果的基础上,建立了钢纤维高强混凝土有效裂缝长度、断裂韧度和临界裂缝张开位移的计算公式.     

冷热循环下纤维混凝土与高强钢筋间粘结强度损伤模型

通过对普通混凝土(PC)、钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)、聚丙烯纤维混凝土(PFRC)与HRB500E钢筋进行冷热循环作用后的中心拉拔试验,研究不同类型混凝土的劣化机理,分析冷热循环对PC、SFRC、PFRC的质量损失、相对动弹性模量以及粘结强度的影响。试验结果表明:冷热循环后,混凝土的质量损失和动弹性模量损失增加,钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度下降;掺入钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维的试件,其粘结强度衰减有所减弱,并且聚丙烯纤维的抑制效果更为明显。结合试验数据,对国内外的Petersen模型、Xu模型和Wu模型进行对比分析,同时考虑冷热循环对相对动弹性模量和相对粘结强度的影响,基于Weibull概率分布理论和强度衰减模型,建立了纤维混凝土与高强钢筋间粘结强度劣化模型,并通过本文数据对其进行了验证,粘结强度实测值与计算值比值的平均值为0.97,标准差为0.07,两者吻合良好,可为冷热环境下纤维混凝土结构耐久性设计提供理论参考。     

玄武岩纤维钢筋混凝土梁弯曲性能试验研究

通过玄武岩纤维钢筋混凝土梁四点弯曲试验,分析其破坏形态和破坏机理.通过四点对称加载方式研究不同玄武岩纤维掺量下梁的承载力、挠度、韧性、混凝土应变、钢筋应变等变化规律.试验结果表明:玄武岩纤维掺入对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂荷载和极限荷载都有一定的提高,开裂荷载最大提高幅度为32％,极限荷载最大提高幅度为6.5％.与普通钢筋混凝土梁相比玄武岩纤维钢筋混凝土梁的挠度、韧性均有所提高.玄武岩纤维对梁的受压区混凝土具有阻止裂缝扩展的能力,当梁上部受压区混凝土被压碎时,混凝土碎块会在纤维的桥接作用下不剥落,梁仍保持较好的整体性.     

Influence of crack initiation length on fracture behaviors of reinforced concrete

For the purpose of discussing the fracture features of high strength reinforced concrete, under the conditions of the fundamental assumptions to reinforced concrete, the calculating process of fracture parameters for three point bending beam of high strength reinforced concrete is given, and through a total of 16 specimens with the same sizes, with the different initial crack length 40 mm to 100 mm on three point bending beam of high strength reinforced concrete, it is performed to examine the calculation method. The results show that the fracture features of high strength reinforced concrete are different from normal concrete, both the initiation toughness and the unstable toughness of high strength reinforced concrete gradually increase with the crack-to-depth ratios, and the ratios of initial load to maximum load are different depending on the initial crack length, the bigger the crack-to-depth ratios, the lower the ratio, and the ductility is best to the high strength reinforced concrete.     

实时高温下钢纤维混凝土的力学特性及其声发射响应

对普通混凝土、钢纤维混凝土进行高温下的单轴压缩试验,采用声发射技术对混凝土在高温下的实时损伤进行全程监测.研究结果表明,相比于同温度段普通混凝土,在力学性能方面,20～600℃四个温度段钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度分别提高了12.07％、4.15％、11.25％、3.24％,残余强度分别提高了2.67 MPa、3.51 MP...     

不同应变率下聚甲醛纤维机场道面混凝土弯曲性能研究

机场道面混凝土结构在不同性质荷载作用下的力学行为受应变率的影响较大。为研究应变率对聚甲醛纤维机场道面混凝土(PFAPC)弯曲性能的影响,通过四点弯曲试验,分析不同应变率(10^-5～10^-1 s^-1)下PFAPC抗弯挠度、弯曲模量、弯曲强度及韧性指数的变化规律,并观察断口纤维的微观形貌,总结不同应变率下的纤维失效模式。结果表明：PFAPC的弯曲峰值强度、极限抗弯挠度及弯曲模量随应变率的增加呈上升趋势;与峰值强度相比,应变率对PFAPC残余强度影响较小,但随应变率增大总体呈上升趋势;与极限抗弯挠度相比,峰值挠度随应变率的增加波动上升;聚甲醛纤维在各应变率作用下主要为拔出破坏模式;PFAPC在车辆及飞机冲击作用下能吸收较大能量,呈现出一定的延性破坏特征,具有良好的弯曲韧性。     

Experimental characterization of concrete beams elements reinforced by long fiber chips

This work deals with the experimental study of the mechanical behavior by three-point bending tests and shear (fracture shear) of concrete beam elements reinforced by long fibers. These fibers come from machined steel parts waste. Bending and shear tests are conducted on prismatic specimens [10 × 20 × 120] cm³. Compressive strength tests are carried out on cylinders of 16 cm diameter and 32 cm height. The fibers are characterized in terms of mechanical strength and tear strength. The composition of the concrete is determined by the experimental method called ‘Dreux-Gorisse.’ Two different fiber contents were used for this study (W = 0.6%, 0.8%) and a control concrete BT (W = 0%) of the same composition as the matrix is prepared as a reference. The comparison of the different results obtained shows that long fibers provide a significant ductility to the material after concrete cracking. Also, the used fibers limit diagonal shear cracks and improve the strength and rigidity in bending and shear.     

基于孔结构分形的混杂纤维混凝土抗冻性能研究

为研究粉煤灰掺量对钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗冻性能的影响,设计并制备6种粉煤灰替代率的混杂纤维混凝土,对其进行冻融循环及盐冻循环试验,测试其质量损失、相对动弹模量及弯曲韧性。基于热力学模型计算冻融前后混凝土孔结构分形维数,建立分形维数与混凝土弯曲韧性之间的关系。结果表明:当粉煤灰质量掺量为5%~15%时,随粉煤灰掺量增多,混杂纤维混凝土的抗冻性能明显提升;继续增加粉煤灰掺量至20%,混杂纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性开始降低。混杂纤维混凝土内部孔具有明显的分形特征,分形维数与无害、少害孔总孔隙占比及多害孔孔隙占比均有良好的线性相关性。同时,混杂纤维混凝土孔分形维数与峰值荷载、能量吸收值呈正相关,分形维数越大,混凝土所能承受的峰值荷载越高、能量吸收值越大。     

短切碳纤维含量对Csf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以Si作为主要烧结助剂,采用热压烧结法制备了短切碳纤维-碳化硅(short carbon fiber reinforced SiC composite,Csf/SiC)复合材料.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、硬度仪以及力学性能试验机等,研究了Csf含量对所制备材料的结构、组成、形貌及复合材料的弯曲强度、Vickers硬度和断裂韧性的影响.结果表明:采用热压法能制备出致密且Csf分布均匀的Csf/SiC复合材料.Csf/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度随Csf含量增加先增大后减小,含15%(体积分数,下同)Csf的Csf/SiC样品强度最高,达到466MPa,并且Csf含量小于30%的Csf/SiC样品强度高于无纤维SiC材料.材料的Vickers硬度随Csf含量增加而降低.Csf/SiC样品的断裂韧性随Csf含量增加而逐渐增大,Csf含量为53%时,达到最大为5.5MPa·m1/2,与无纤维SiC样品相比,增加近2倍.     

Effect of compaction treatment on laminated CFRP composites fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin‐transfer molding

Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were fabricated using ordinary and compaction setups (OS and CS, respectively) in the vacuum‐assisted resin‐transfer molding (VARTM) process. The mechanical properties and acoustic emission (AE) spectra of the CFRP composites were compared among fabricated samples. The CFRP plates with sequences of [+30/−30]₆ were sectioned to make specimens for Mode I interlaminar fracture tests and three‐point bending tests. The difference between the material properties and AE characteristics of the OS and CS specimens were statistically compared using one‐way analysis of variance. The OS specimens had a thicker resin layer, a higher resin fraction, larger average fracture toughness, and AE energy corresponding to the Mode I fracture, whereas the CS specimens had more macro‐scale voids and higher bending strength. AE analysis showed that frequency bands in the interlaminar fracture tests corresponding to matrix‐related fracture were dominant for the OS specimens, whereas those corresponding to the mixed fracture mode of the fiber and matrix fracture were dominant for the CS specimens. In the bending tests, mixed fiber‐matrix fractures were dominant for the OS specimens, and fiber‐related fractures were dominant for the CS specimens. In conclusion, the compaction treatment diminished interlaminar fracture toughness, due to the enhanced formation of macro‐scale voids around the fiber bundles during the resin impregnation stage. However, the bending strength improved with an increased fiber volume fraction. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:217–226, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

硫酸盐腐蚀对混杂纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的影响研究

为了研究混杂纤维混凝土经硫酸盐腐蚀后的弯曲性能,首先对不同掺量的聚乙烯纤维(PE)与聚丙烯粗合成纤维(HPP)混凝土进行了硫酸盐干湿循环腐蚀和长期浸泡腐蚀试验,然后以三分点弯曲试验为基础,结合美国ASTMC1018和奥地利ORS评价方法,对比分析了混杂纤维混凝土在硫酸盐腐蚀前后其弯曲韧性变化及最佳纤维掺量.结果表明,纤维的掺入使得混凝土的破坏类型发生了变化,破坏时的最大荷载和挠度均明显增大,混凝土I5、I10、I20、R5,10和R10,20显著提高,韧性水平也明显高于普通混凝土;在硫酸盐腐蚀作用后不同纤维掺量的混凝土其弯曲韧性均出现了不同程度的下降,其中干湿循环腐蚀条件下比长期浸泡腐蚀条件下的混凝土的弯曲韧性受损更为严重;聚乙烯纤维(PE)与聚丙烯粗合成纤维(HPP)掺量为0.8％～1.2％的混凝土在经受450d长期浸泡腐蚀作用后的I5、I10与R5,10值分别提高了32.2％、19.6％和6.8％,具有良好的耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能和弯曲韧性.     

Fracture and acoustic emission characteristics of glass fiber reinforced plastics panels for hot water

This study deals with the fracture process and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of a randomly oriented E-glass fiber mat reinforcement with a crosslinked polyester. These panels were evaluated after they were immersed in hot water. The fiber volume content of the panel was 19%. Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) panels wer immersed in water at 81°C. Bending and AE monitoring tests were Performed and after bending, the cross-section of the specimen was observed by an optical microscope and SEM. The influence of degradation, due to water immersion, on the changes of fracture process of GFRP is discussed. The dominant fracture mode of the virgin specimen was matrix cracks, whereas that of the immersed specimen was debondings at the fiber bundle/matrix and fiber/matrix interfaces. This change was caused by reduction of the bonding strength at the interface. The scale of fracture can be estimated by both AE amplitude and AE energy and this estimation method was used to estimate the fracture mode changes of GFRP panels immersed in hot water.     

Hot plate welding of plastics: Factors affecting weld strength

Welded joints were made under a range of conditions in polypropylene, glass fiber reinforced polypropylene and poly (methylmethacrylate) bars. Melt flow in the weld was investigated by microscopy and by contact microradiography, and weld strengths were measured by tensile tests. The fracture toughness of the weld zone was determined by tests on double edge notched specimens. The study shows that weld strength is strongly affected by hot plate temperature, heating time and melt flow during welding. Insufficient heating or melt flow results in incomplete bonding. Excessive melt flow produces strong transverse orientation. Both reduce strength, but in different ways, which can be distinguished by fracture mechanics tests.     

The fracture toughness of concrete under impact loading

The fracture toughness of plain concrete, high strength concrete, and concrete reinforced with fibrillated polypropylene fibers was studied. Single-edge notched beams, of dimensions (l×w×d) 1400×100×125 mm, were loaded dynamically in 3-point bending, using an instrumented drop weight impact machine. Fracture energies and dynamic fracture toughness (K_ID) values were determined, using three different drop heights of the impact hammer. It was found that, for all three types of concrete, K_ID increased with increasing drop height; the fracture toughness values under impact loading were much higher than those obtained in static tests. There were also dramatic increases in the fracture energies under impact loading.