Copolar and cross-polar signals received at 30 GHz from ATS-6

From the end of July 1975 until August 1976 the reception of signals from the geostationary satellite ATS-6was possible since at that time the satellite was brought into a position above Victoria Lake at 35° East. The copolar signal showed attenuation which varies strongly with the amount of rain. The rain was measured by a rain gauge located close to the 3 meter precision Cassegrain antenna. The attenuation measured at the satellite link did not always correspond with the attenuation measured at the nearby line of sight link at 34 GHz. For example during heavy thunderstorms the attenuation might have reach values as high as 20 dB or more. For smaller attenuations comparison is possible with a radiometer experiment at 30.1 GHz. In general this comparison shows good results for attenuations less than 10 dB. The crosspolar signal measured showed values of — 55 dB to about — 20 dB relative to the copolar depending upon several reasons. First of all the rain showed mostly a strong increase in the crosspolar signal but satellite movements and errors in the antenna pointing will also increased this level. Various examples are shown. It appears that the copolar — cross-polar isolation reached the lowest value at attenuations of 3–6 dB. Although the time that the satellite was available for measurements was limited, some statistic results can be given despite the fact the signal transmitted from the satellite was not always constant.     

一种改进的対拓Vivaldi天线设计

提出了一种新颖的対拓Vivaldi天线。该天线的辐射耀斑用新的复合指数曲线修正。为改善天线的辐射特性(增益,波束偏离和交叉极化),提出了一个新的引向器,该引向器由两个混合椭圆金属贴片构成。测试结果表明该天线在1到40GHz频率范围内增益>0dBi, 并且在15到40G频段内天线的增益>12dBi。在3到40GHz频率范围内,E面的波束偏离小于3°,并且在15到40GHz不超过2°。     

一种小型化的对跖Vivaldi天线设计

基于对宽带宽覆盖角天线的需求,设计了一种工作于9～11 GHz的小型化对跖Vivaldi天线.在天线开口末端加入矩形引向器,以获得良好宽带匹配效果.利用HFSS软件进行结构优化,得到天线的具体参数,由此加工和测试带引向器的对跖Vivaldi天线.通过仿真和实测得到,在9～12 GHz频带内回波损耗小于-15 dB,在-...     

Twin Vivaldi antenna fed by coplanar waveguide

The authors describe twin Vivaldi antennas directly fed by a coplanar waveguide. They have been designed and measured for various angles between the radiating slots. All the designs show a centred zero in the E plane with a low cross-polarisation. In the H plane they provide zeros for φ=90° and 270° and are omnidirectional for other values     

新型小尺寸带引向器波纹开眼对拓型Vivaldi天线

基于传统对拓型Vivaldi天线, 提出一种新型小尺寸对拓型Vivaldi天线.采用波纹、开眼和引向器等结构来展宽天线的工作带宽, 并分别对这三种结构对带宽的影响进行了分析.利用HFSS仿真优化得到的结构参数, 分别在两种介质材料上, 加工并测试了带引向器波纹开眼对拓型Vivaldi天线, 实测与仿真结果吻合.仿真与测试结果表明:两种介质上的天线工作频带均包含3~20 GHz, 尺寸仅为42.56 mm×40.16 mm×0.813 mm, 带内回波损耗S₁₁低于-10 dB, 带内增益均大于3 dBi, 最大增益达7.3 dBi, 交叉极化均小于-15 dB, 50%以上的频带交叉极化小于-20 dB, 最小可达-25 dB, 天线具有稳定的方向图, 良好的波形保真度, 是一种宽波束天线.     

Wide and multi-band reconfigurable Vivaldi antenna with slot-line feed

This paper presents a Vivaldi antenna. The antenna incorporates a slot-line feed, and is designed to operate in a wideband mode, along with four narrowband modes. The wideband mode extends from 1 to 3 GHz. A series of PIN diode switches is employed to reconfigure between the five different operating modes. Wideband-to-multiband reconfigurations are achieved by adjusting the antenna loading internally, and also by the incorporation of band-stop filters. To obtain the wideband mode, wideband matches load is used. On the other hand, to obtain the narrowband modes, two rectangular slits with narrowband matches load are used. The proposed Vivaldi antenna provides wideband operation. It is also supports operation within the LTE, GSM (L-band), GPS, and WiMAX bands.     

Equivalent circuit of twin Vivaldi antenna fed by coplanarwaveguide

A coplanar waveguide-fed twin Vivaldi antenna has been developed and tested at 4.4 GHz and an equivalent circuit has been proposed. E-plane radiation patterns show a centred zero because of the odd excitation of the antennas while low cross-polarisation levels are observed. The maximum radiation angle can be modified by adjusting the distance between the antennas. The equivalent circuit will be useful for the design of a parallel series-fed array of Vivaldi antennas     

用于超宽带介电常数测量的Vivaldi天线设计与仿真

在传统Vivaldi天线结构的基础上,设计了两种适用于混合材料介电常数测量的改进型渐变槽Vivaldi天线以及同轴馈电型对踵Vivaldi天线,并利用三维电磁仿真软件HFSS对这几种Vivaldi天线的性能进行优化分析。通过对不同结构Vivaldi天线的对比,分析结果可以看出这两种改进型渐变槽Vivaldi天线和同轴馈电型对踵Vivaldi天线在频段、带宽、驻波比等方面均达到超宽带介电常数测量系统的设计要求,可应用于测量混合材料的介电常数。     

一种工作于0.7~3.8 GHz的小型化Vivaldi天线研究

利用电阻加载及开槽技术,设计了一种工作于0.7-3.8 GHz的小型化Vivaldi天线。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS 13.0对天线进行了仿真模拟,并与实测结果进行了对比。结果表明:在0.7-3.8 GHz内,S_(11)小于-10 dB,增益适中,天线性能良好。电阻加载在一定程度上缩小了天线的尺寸,利用指数渐变曲线阶梯型开槽方法,改善了天线在低频段的电特性。该天线后向辐射较小,具有很好的定向辐射性能,天线平面尺寸为70 mm×80 mm,可用于探地雷达。     

加载引向器的小型化对跖Vivaldi天线设计与仿真

提出一种加载引向器的小型化对跖Vivaldi天线(AVA)。相比大多数对跖Vivaldi天线,该天线具有非常小的尺寸,其大小只有14 mm×34 mm×0.8 mm。引向器结构设置为三角形,置于天线的开口中间。相比传统的对跖Vivaldi天线,引向器能引导电磁波从天线的口径传输到介质板的边缘,这样造成的反射比较小且传输特性良好。此外,为了减小测量误差,将天线与超小型(SMA)头联合仿真,结果表明,该天线在5.2~11 GHz频段内S11<-10 dB,具有较宽的带宽;且在8.5~11 GHz范围内,天线的增益明显增加,验证了这种新设计的可行性。     

加载对拓结构介质的高增益Vivaldi天线

Vivaldi天线属于渐变缝隙天线的一种, 被广泛应用于平面超宽带天线设计中.Vivaldi天线在理论上可以展宽带宽到无限大, 但受限于加工工艺和尺寸, 其增益提高效果并不明显.文中立足于经典Vivaldi天线, 在天线辐射前端加载对拓结构的介质, 仿真结果表明相对带宽扩展了79.1%, 在5.5 GHz与12 GHz处提高增益达3 dBi.过孔矫正技术可以使天线辐射的相位分布更加均匀, 提高幅度分布的口径效率.在对拓结构基础上, 天线辐射端加载相位矫正的过孔阵列结构, 仿真结果表明加载该技术后, 天线提高增益2 dBi以上.包含以上两种技术的天线结构具有高增益、便于设计、小型化的特点, 这为端射天线提高增益和增强定向性提供了新的思路.     

一种具有陷波特性的Vivaldi天线设计

提出了一种具有陷波特性的新型超宽带Vivaldi天线。采用双Y巴伦实现了微带-槽线过渡,利用多阶阻抗变换器解决了宽带阻抗匹配问题。通过在微带线上添加狭缝,实现了对WLAN应用频段(5.125~5.825 GHz)的隔离,使该天线具有陷波特性。在仿真设计的基础上制作了实验模型,并对其进行了测量。实测结果表明:在超宽带UWB(Ultra Wide-Band)应用频带(3.1~10.6 GHz)范围内,除隔离频带(5.1~6.0 GHz)以外,该天线的驻波比VSWR≤2,辐射方向图定向性较好,且交叉极化较低,从而证明了该天线设计的实用性。     

A new version of dielectric lined waveguide with low cross-polar radiation

It is shown that while a dielectric lined circular waveguide has a low cross-polar radiation, the condition for precisely zero crosspolar level cannot be met at any real frequency. However, such a condition can be realized if the dielectric lining is transversely slotted at regular intervals, leading to a new structure which has a zero cross-polar level at a certain frequency and can sustain a lower cross-polar level over a wide band relative to the continuously lined waveguide.     

高增益低副瓣X波段宽带圆极化Vivaldi天线阵设计

设计了一种新型的覆盖X波段的宽带圆极化2×2天线阵,具有高增益、低副瓣和良好的圆极化性能.该阵列以Vivaldi天线为基本单元,采用旋转对称的十字形结构,四端口等幅馈电且相位依次为0°,90°,180°和270°.此天线阵在整个X波段内阻抗匹配良好,轴比均低于3dB.采用矩形栅栏和底部扼流环结构将天线地板上的表面电流集中在槽线附近并降低后向辐射,从而获得低副瓣和高增益.频段内的峰值增益为10.7 dB,前后比大于20 dB.两个主平面的方向图对称性良好且基本重合.各天线单元间的低耦合使得天线阵的交叉极化很低.实物测试结果与仿真结果基本吻合.     

一种双指数型梳状超宽带Vivaldi天线的设计与实现

在常规Vivaldi天线的基础上提出一种双指数渐变加梳状槽结构的新型Vivaldi天线,该天线通过在辐射面引入梳状开缝结构,可以实现对天线表面电流的调整。该天线在2.4~10.6 GHz常用无线通信频率范围内驻波比小于2,天线增益达到6 d Bi以上且在频带内保持较好的平坦度,实测结果与其仿真结果相吻合。在同等天线长度及张角条件下,该天线具有较常规Vivaldi天线更宽的工作带宽和更高的天线增益,且实测方向性良好,可用于各类无线通信系统。     

带引向器的非对称平衡对拓Vivaldi天线设计

设计了一副改进的非对称平衡对拓Vivaldi天线。辐射贴片外边缘用3阶多项式曲线修正,以实现很宽的阻抗带宽。在天线口径处嵌入一个金属贴片作引向器以改善天线的辐射特性。对辐射贴片引入非对称性,使得E面波束偏离得到进一步补偿。实测结果表明,该天线具有极宽的工作带宽,在2~40 GHz内的增益大于0 dBi,且在15~30 GHz内的增益大于14 dBi;E面的波束偏离在6~40 GHz频率范围内小于3°。该天线具有结构简单、尺寸紧凑（44 mm×98 mm）以及方向图稳定等优点。该天线能够较好地应用于相控阵、超宽带系统等。     

Symmetrical low cross-polar radiation from a dielectric sphere loaded horn

The measured radiation pattern of a dielectric sphere fed from a conical horn loaded with a concentric dielectric cylinder is given. The matching arrangement of a double taper leads to multimode excitation. Pattern symmetry in the principal planes and a -10-dB reduction in cross-polar levels are demonstrated.     

An antipodal Vivaldi antenna with band-notched characteristics for ultra-wideband applications

An antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) with band-notched characteristics is proposed in this paper for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. For UWB systems, there will be some interference from the narrow band systems. The proposed antenna adopts resonant parallel strip (RPS) to reject an unwanted narrow band. It is easy to tune the RPS to eliminate the interference band. To validate this approach, a printed AVA with RPS is simulated and fabricated. From 2 to 9 GHz, the proposed antenna shows a good result with approximate 2:1 VSWR, an average gain of 6.5 dB, and stable radiation patterns except the notched band. At the center frequency of the notched band, the measured results show that the VSWR is more than 8:1, the realized gain is less than −10 dB and a messy radiation pattern is achieved. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.     

A miniaturized Vivaldi antenna by loading with parasitic patch and lumped resistor

A miniaturized Vivaldi antenna is presented in the paper. On the basis of original antenna, the miniaturized Vivaldi antenna applies parasitic patch and lumped resistor to improve impedance characteristics. The proposed load can expand the lower operating frequency to 1.96 GHz without changing antenna dimensions. The size of antenna is set as 43 × 40 mm². This size is about 0.28λ_L × 0.26λ_L, where λ_L is the free space wavelength at 1.96 GHz. The loaded Vivaldi antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results clarify the viability and effectiveness of the proposed design. The measured impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) is from 2 GHz to more than 18 GHz. In addition, the measured radiation patterns and a peak gain between −1 and 9 dB can be obtained in the band of 2–18 GHz.