工业副产物废氢溴酸的回收与利用

在工业有机溴化物的生产过程中有大量氢溴酸废液产生,为了使这些氢溴酸废液能够得到有效地利用,以正十二醇和废氢溴酸为原料制备溴十二烷,对影响反应收率的各种因素进行了研究,确定了合成溴十二烷的最佳条件为:以浓H2SO4为催化剂,四丁基溴化铵作相转移催化剂,物料摩尔配比(十二醇∶47%HBr∶浓H2SO4)为1∶1.5∶1,回流4 h时,收率94.60%。     

氢溴酸法合成1-溴代十二烷

以生产溴代金刚烷得到的副产品氢溴酸为原料,在浓硫酸存在的条件下与正十二醇进行反应合成1-溴代十二烷。确定优惠合成条件为:n(正十二醇):n(氢溴酸):n(浓硫酸)=1:1.25:1.15,回流时间3h。产品经气相色谱分析证明无副产物,收率92.5%,含量99.9%,产品经IR和折光率进行表征。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成1-溴十二烷

以十二醇和氢溴酸为原料、固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂合成了1 溴十二烷。采用正交实验研究了固体超强酸催化剂的制备条件及反应条件对合成1 溴十二烷的影响。结果表明,固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2的最佳制备条件:硫酸浓度0.5mol/L,浸渍时间0.5h,焙烧温度650℃,焙烧时间2h;合成1 溴十二烷的工艺条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间4h,物料配比n(C12H25OH)∶n(HBr)=1.0∶2.0,m(C12H25OH)∶m(cat)=1.000∶0.150,产品收率72.0%。     

从氢溴酸废液中回收溴的新工艺

<正> 据《Chemical & Engineering N-ews》1992,August 3报道,最近,美国Catalytica 公司开发了一项从氢溴酸废液中回收元素溴的催化新工艺,并完成了中试装置试验。氢溴酸是制造特种和精细化学品如药物、农用化学品和阻燃剂时产生的废液。据称,其数量几乎占反应产物总量的一     

1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸三叔丁酯的合成

以轮环藤宁和溴乙酸叔丁酯为原料,制得中间体1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7-三乙酸叔丁酯溴酸盐(2),然后利用中间体2设计了两条合成路线:第一条合成路线为与溴乙酸反应直接得到产物;第二条合成路线为先与溴乙酸乙酯反应,再水解得到产物,最终目标产物为1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸三叔丁酯(4),并对反应条件进行了优化.产物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、IR和MS(ESI)确证.     

改善六溴环十二烷热稳定性的研究

分析了影响六溴环十二烷热稳定性的因素,通过微胶囊包覆六溴环十二烷可以提高其热分解温度,以胶态氧化锑包覆六溴环十二烷后分解温度从180℃提高到240℃。     

含有醌与偶氮双官能团的LB膜材料的合成及结构表征

2 氨基蒽醌在强酸性介质中与亚硝酸反应生成重氮盐 ,然后在弱碱性条件下与苯酚偶联制得 2 (4 羟基苯偶氮基 )蒽醌 ,产率为 82 %。以此为中间体 ,在四氢呋喃溶液中分别与 1 溴十二烷和 1 溴十六烷发生醚化反应生成LB膜材料 2 (4 十二烷氧苯偶氮基 )蒽醌 (DOPAzoAQ)和 2 (4 十六烷氧苯偶氮基 )蒽醌 (HOPAzoAQ) ,并运用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱、质谱等手段对产物结构进行确认。     

2----溴乙胺氢溴酸盐的合成研究

以乙醇胺和溴化氢为原料分两步合成了2－溴乙胺氢溴酸盐，成盐反应是在室温下，乙醇胺与48％的氢溴酸1：1条件下进行中和反应，溴化反应则是乙醇胺氢溴酸盐的乙苯溶液通入溴化氢气体，反应温度控制在130℃，反应时间为4．5小时获得了最佳反应结果，产品总收率95％。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成烷基溴

研究以正十二醇等为主要原料,在活性炭负载磷钨酸催化剂作用下,与40％氢溴酸反应,合成了系列烷基溴,考察了催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产率的影响,研究发现合成的适宜条件是：反应温度110℃,反应时间6h,nc12H25OH:nHBr=1．0：2．0,催化剂用量为Wc12H25OH：W催化剂=10：1,正十二烷基溴产率达91.8％。     

含有醌有偶氮双官能团的LB膜材料的合成及结构表征

2－氨基蒽醌在强酸性介质中与亚硝酸反应生成重氮盐，然后在弱碱性条件下与苯酚偶联制得2－（4－羟基苯偶氮基）蒽醌，产率为82％，以此为中间体，在四氢呋喃溶液中分别与1－溴十二烷和1－溴十六烷发生醚化反应生成LB膜材料2－（4－十二烷氧苯偶氮基）蒽醌（DOPAzoAQ)和2－（4－十六烷氧苯偶氮基）蒽醌（HOPAzoAQ)，并运用元素分析，核磁共振，红外光谱，质谱等手段对产物结构进行确认。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。