一种新型生物芯片扫描平台的研究

扫描工作台是生物芯片扫描仪中的一个关键组成部分,扫描时间是衡量扫描仪性能的一个重要指标。本文中我们报导一种新型的扫描仪工作平台,采用直线电机作为驱动的工作台,取消了从电动机到工作台间机械传动的环节,提高了系统刚度,降低了振动噪声,缩短了采用光学系统静止机构的扫描仪的扫描时间,为快速高精度激光共聚焦生物芯片扫描仪的研制提出了新的实施方案。     

基于眼底高分辨力毛细血管图像的身份识别

视网膜识别技术稳定性好,安全性高.常规眼底相机获得的图像分辨力低,给图像编码和模式匹配带来困难,使得基于常规眼底相机的视网膜身份识别技术难以推广应用.利用自适应光学眼底视网膜高分辨力成像技术采集眼底视网膜高分辨力毛细血管图像,经归一化和滤噪后,采用Gabor滤波算法进行特征提取,汉明距离进行模式匹配,对实验样本进行了准确的身份识别,验证了该技术的有效性,拓展了自适应光学眼底视网膜高分辨力成像技术的应用范围,在某些要害部门可能发挥重要的安保作用.     

花状纳米氧化锌颗粒的制备及其光学性能研究

以硬脂酸锌和过氧化氢为原料，采用油相法一步合成出一种特殊的氧化锌花状纳米结构。利用透射电镜、高分辨电镜、X射线衍射等对其形貌和结构的分析表明：花状氧化锌纳米颗粒结构为六方晶相，大小约为30nm。吸收光谱和荧光光谱测量显示该纳米结构有显著的近带边紫光发射特性，对应的缺陷发光强度较弱，表明这一纳米结构有较好的光学特性，因此在生物荧光标记方面有着潜在的应用价值。     

扫描仪特性文件质量评价方法分析

在生成扫描仪特性文件的基础上,介绍了比较法、Rainbow图法、色差法3种扫描仪特性文件质量的评价方法,并分别阐述了3种质量评价方法的实施过程。有助于指导使用者根据工艺状况及产品精度要求,选择适当的特性文件评价方法,从而确定并使用有效的扫描仪特性文件。     

用于纳米级表面形貌测量的光学显微测头

为了满足纳米级表面形貌样板的高精度非接触测量需求,研制了一种高分辨力光学显微测头。以激光全息单元为光源和信号拾取器件,利用差动光斑尺寸变化探测原理,建立了微位移测量系统,结合光学显微成像系统,形成了高分辨力光学显微测头。将该测头应用于纳米三维测量机,对台阶高度样板和一维线间隔样板进行了测量实验。结果表明：该光学显微测头结合纳米三维测量机可实现纳米级表面形貌样板的可溯源测量,具有扫描速度快、测量分辨力高、结构紧凑和非接触测量等优点,对解决纳米级表面形貌测量难题具有重要实用价值。     

卧式重载高分辨力二维倾斜电动调整架设计

针对大型卧式菲索干涉仪检测大口径光学元件面形时的高分辨力二维倾斜调整问题,设计了一种卧式大负载二维倾斜电动调整架。设计中采用步进电机驱动、蜗轮蜗杆减速。滚动丝杠微调机构以及电子细分技术,实现了、倾角0．006”的高分辨力调整,并对关键件进行了静力学分析及实验分析,效果良好。     

星载高分辨力、大视场高光谱成像仪光学设计

根据高分辨力,大视场的要求,考虑到市售探测器的限制,提出了视场分离分光的方法,分析了视场分离分光的原理.利用此方法设计了一个星载高分辨力、大视场高光谱成像仪光学系统,该系统由11.42°远心离轴三反消像散(TMA)望远系统和2个Offner凸面光栅光谱成像系统组成,运用光学设计软件CODE V对高光谱成像仪光学系统进行...     

镀膜玻璃光学与色度学特性的计算研究

本文对如何计算镀膜玻璃的光学与色度学特性这一问题做了详细系统的分析和研究。建立了考虑镀膜玻璃吸收这一因素的数学模型，给出了膜面和玻面透射率和反射率的理论计算公式，并做了实验验证。最后，应用此模型对镀有ＭＯⅡ／Ｍ（Ｎ）／ＭＯⅠ／Ｇ型膜系的光学和色度学特性做了理论研究。     

高精度测量高分辨力的定位控制传感器

本文所介绍的高精度测量、高分辨力的定位控制传感器是一种柔性接触定位系统，由光学、电感、和电子器件等各部分组成，集当代一些高新技术一体的高新科技器件。其定位分辨力，优于０．００５ｕｍ．可供高精度位移（或长度）测量仪器设计中选用。     

关于螺栓联接计算中的载荷系数

为了根据经典的弹簧模型进行螺栓联接的最优计算，还需要精确地知道载荷系数n。作者在数值和实验的研究中，借助于光学的变形分析，查明了主要参数对螺栓联接的传力特性的影响，并用一个模型说明之。该模型以观察联接的夹紧区域为依据。因而在螺栓联接的计算中具有极重要的价值。     

Nonlinear Optics

Abstract

Coherence tomo- and topography have great potential in the building of optical measuring tools for a lot of different technical and biological applications. One major limiting property of scanning coherence methods is their data acquisition time. In this paper we describe two methods for increasing the measuring speed; one for an analogue and one for a digital preprocessing sensor. In particular, we present a novel scanning device for an analogue 1-D sensor which enables measurements with a very fast vertical scanning rate to be made. A periodical change of the optical path difference of up to 3 mm and frequencies of 1200 Hz and more can be achieved by using a resonant scanner. We describe an optical fibre setup using this novel scanner in combination with a homemade low cost light source which is most appropriate for optical fibre coherence application.     

Optical realization of bioinspired spiking neurons in the electron trapping material thin film

A thin film of electron-trapping material (ETM), when combined with suitable optical bistability, is considered as a medium for optical implementation of bioinspired neural nets. The optical mechanism of ETM under blue light and near-infrared exposure has the inherent ability at the material level to mimic the crucial components of the stylized Hodgkin-Huxley model of biological neurons. Combining this unique property with the high-resolution capability of ETM, a dense network of bioinspired neurons can be realized in a thin film of this infrared stimulable storage phosphor. When combined with suitable optical bistability and optical interconnectivity, it has the potential of producing an artificial nonlinear excitable medium analog to cortical tissue.     

Optical Imaging Approaches to Monitor Static and Dynamic Cell‐on‐Chip Platforms: A Tutorial Review

Miniaturized laboratories on chip platforms play an important role in handling life sciences studies. The platforms may contain static or dynamic biological cells. Examples are a fixed medium of an organ‐on‐a‐chip and individual cells moving in a microfluidic channel, respectively. Due to feasibility of control or investigation and ethical implications of live targets, both static and dynamic cell‐on‐chip platforms promise various applications in biology. To extract necessary information from the experiments, the demand for direct monitoring is rapidly increasing. Among different microscopy methods, optical imaging is a straightforward choice. Considering light interaction with biological agents, imaging signals may be generated as a result of scattering or emission effects from a sample. Thus, optical imaging techniques could be categorized into scattering‐based and emission‐based techniques. In this review, various optical imaging approaches used in monitoring static and dynamic platforms are introduced along with their optical systems, advantages, challenges, and applications. This review may help biologists to find a suitable imaging technique for different cell‐on‐chip studies and might also be useful for the people who are going to develop optical imaging systems in life sciences studies.     

Crack observation methods, their application and simulation of curved fatigue crack growth

The observation of cracks with curved crack path has to be done optically. It is shown that a modified commercial flat bed scanner and a combination of a high-resolution scanner camera system with 10,000 × 10,000 pixels with a telecentric lens are appropriate for high-resolution (up to 8 μm/pixel) optical recording of multiple crack ends on sample areas up to 210 mm × 290 mm. The high-resolution photographs are suitable for determination of crack lengths. It is also possible to observe crack paths or geometrical crack tip parameters and strain fields by image correlation. The method is used to determine static crack resistance and cyclic crack growth curves on center crack tension and biaxial cruciform samples.Furthermore, the paper presents an improved finite element technique for the simulation of curved fatigue crack growth in a multiple arbitrarily pre-cracked isotropic sheet under biaxial plane stress loading applying a predictor-corrector procedure in combination with the modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI) method including the consideration of the plastic limit loads. For this, the program PCCS-2D was extended to analyse the crack growth and the plastic limit load for each crack propagation step in a fully automatic simulation. The proposed solution algorithm provides a powerful tool for flaw assessment with the failure assessment diagram procedure in combination with a numerical crack path simulation. Finally, the simulation is verified experimentally.     

Near-field optical imaging of flagellar filaments of salmonella in water with optical feedback control

We report on the high-resolution observation of biological samples in water with a collection-mode near-field optical microscope (c-mode NOM) operating under optical feedback control. With rapidly decreasing evanescent field power used as the feedback signal, for the first time to our knowledge, an image of straight-type flagellar filaments of salmonella in water has been obtained. The estimated diameter of a single filament is around 55 nm with a pixel size of 10 nm. A comparison with its nominal value of 25 nm obtained from electron microscope observations under high vacuum confirms that our c-mode NOM performs high-resolution imaging in water.     

Free-space wavelength-multiplexed optical scanner demonstration

Experimental demonstration of a no-moving-parts free-space wavelength-multiplexed optical scanner (W-MOS) is presented. With fast tunable lasers or optical filters and planar wavelength dispersive elements such as diffraction gratings, this microsecond-speed scanner enables large several-centimeter apertures for subdegree angular scans. The proposed W-MOS design incorporates a unique optical amplifier and variable optical attenuator combination that enables the calibration and modulation of the scanner response, leading to any desired scanned laser beam power shaping. The experimental setup uses a tunable laser centered at 1560 nm and a 600-grooves/mm blazed reflection grating to accomplish an angular scan of 12.92 degrees as the source is tuned over an 80-nm bandwidth. The values for calculated maximum optical beam divergance, required wavelength resolution, beam-pointing accuracy, and measured scanner insertion loss are 1.076 mrad, 0.172 nm, 0.06 mrad, and 4.88 dB, respectively.     

扫描振镜幅频特性测试及位置标定的研究

介绍了扫描振镜及其驱动电路的结构特点,分析了位置信号在扫描振镜系统中的作用。利用数据采集系统对扫描振镜的幅频特性进行了测试,借助图像采集系统和图像处理方法对扫描振镜的位置进行了标定,验证了振镜系统中位置信号与振镜的偏转角的线性关系。     

A Neuromorphic Chip That Imitates the ON Brisk Transient Ganglion Cell Set in the Retinas of Rabbits

In this paper, a new CMOS design methodology is proposed to implement CMOS neuromorphic chips which imitate the ON brisk transient ganglion cell (GC) set of rabbits' retinas. The measurement results on the fabricated CMOS neuromorphic chip are consistent with the biological measurement results. Thus, the biological functions of the chip have been successfully verified. It can be used to understand more biological behaviors and visual language of retinas under different input optical images which have not yet been tested in biological experiments. Based on the results, the full GC sets of retina can be designed. Thus, many potential applications of retinal chips on motion sensors, computer vision, retinal prosthesis, and biomedical devices are feasible.     

Spatial coherence effect on layer thickness determination in narrowband full-field optical coherence tomography

Longitudinal spatial coherence (LSC) is determined by the spatial frequency content of an optical beam. The use of lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA) in full-field optical coherence tomography and a narrowband light source makes the LSC length much shorter than the temporal coherence length, hence suggesting that high-resolution 3D images of biological and multilayered samples can be obtained based on the low LSC. A simplified model is derived, supported by experimental results, which describes the expected interference output signal of multilayered samples when high-NA lenses are used together with a narrowband light source. An expression for the correction factor for the layer thickness determination is found valid for high-NA objectives. Additionally, the method was applied to a strongly scattering layer, demonstrating the potential of this method for high-resolution imaging of scattering media.     

Information content of point radiance measurements in turbid media: implications for interstitial optical property quantification

Motivated by a recent report by Dickey et al. [Phys. Med. Biol. 46, 2359 (2001)], who demonstrated optical property retrieval by using relative radiance measurements at a single position, we investigate the uniqueness of relative radiance measurements for quantifying the optical properties of turbid media by studying the solutions of the diffusion and P3 approximations of the Boltzmann transfer equation for a point source. Using the P3 approximation, we investigate the potential of radiance measurements for optical property recovery by examining the optical property response surface for point radiance information. We further derive first-order similarity relations for relative point radiance measurements and use these expressions to examine analytically the effects of noise on optical property retrieval over a wide range of optical properties typical of biological tissue. Finally, optimal experimental configurations are studied and explicit conditions for uniqueness derived that suggest potential strategies for improving optical property recovery. It is expected that point radiance measurements will prove valuable for both on-line treatment planning of minimally invasive laser therapies and optical characterization of tissues.