某二维水翼空化数值模型对比

以二维水翼计算模型为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,通过不同的空化模型和湍流模型对计算模型进行数值模拟研究,得到了翼型在空化过程中空泡的运动规律。结果表明:该翼型在不同空化模型下,发生空化时,空化过程包含了空泡的产生、发展、脱落和溃灭几个过程,空化的运动过程总具有明显的周期性;Schnerr-Sauer模型的计算结果与实际的水翼空化流动过程相吻合,Schnerr-Sauer空化模型可以很好地模拟绕水翼的空化流动过程。     

二维水翼片空泡脱落及云空化数值模拟

二维空化水翼的非定常特性和云空化演化一直是空泡流领域研究的热点之一。该文采用雷诺平均NS方程(RANS)、分离涡模拟(DES)以及大涡模拟(LES)对绕二维水翼的空泡流进行了数值模拟,重点研究与评估这些数值模拟方法预报空泡流非定常特性的能力,给出了不同流动状态下的二维水翼的水动力系数。通过与二维水翼空化实验数据比较表明,修正湍流黏性系数的RANS数值模型可较准确地预报水动力系数,而DES和LES模型可准确地预报水动力系数和空泡脱落频率,是模拟云空化脱落与演化的有效途径。不同空化数条件下云空泡流场的大涡模拟结果表明,水翼片空泡尾部大尺度旋涡的生成与发展是导致片空泡断裂的主要原因,而一旦片空泡发生断裂则在片空泡下部形成显著的回射流。     

温度对液氢绕水翼非定常空泡流影响的数值研究

该文基于均质多相流理论,采用RNG k-模型和修正系数Zwart空化模型对液氢绕NACA0015水翼非定常空化流动进行数值模拟。模拟了非定常空泡云的生长、断裂、涡状空化团脱落和破裂的周期性过程,模拟中考虑了热力学效应,并分析了温度对空泡流场特性的影响。研究结果表明:在相同空化数和来流速度下,空泡周期随温度增高而变长,升、阻力系数的波动周期随温度增高而增加,但其时均值的随温度增高而减小。     

明流泄洪洞水力特性的二维数值模拟与试验研究

为了使明流泄洪洞满足设计泄流量和校核泄流量要求,对其结构进行了优化设计,并根据垣曲县境内板涧河河口右岸的小浪底引黄工程泄洪洞实际工程,建立了明流泄洪洞泄流数学模型。计算中引入FLUENT软件中的VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型和Mixture模型进行数值计算,得到了设计和校核水位条件下泄洪洞泄流能力、水深沿程分布、水流空化数以及断面流速和压强及挑距,并将部分计算结果与模型试验结果进行比较分析,结果表明两者吻合较好。因此采用FLUENT软件研究明流龙抬头泄洪洞的水力特性是可行的,为该项软件应用于实际工程提供了理论依据。     

三维水翼云空泡非定常特性数值分析及试验验证

采用Singhal空化模型和修改的κ-εRNG湍流模型,数值模拟了三维扭曲水翼非定常空泡流动及其云空泡的动态脱落,空泡形态、流场等定性结果与相应的试验结果进行了比较。预报的回射流和侧射流的流动特性,以及云空泡的动态脱落的主要特征与试验结果相一致。计算结果表明,对于外形为凸形的片状空泡,侧射流是片状空泡脱落的主要原因。     

二维水槽数值造波分析研究

文章提出了一种在计算机上采用fluent软件来模拟真实水槽中波浪的方法,通过统计波浪在该水槽中的变化规律,给出了稳定的波浪出口断面.此种方法可以得到较稳定的二维规则波,如若用FLUENT解决有波浪参与的流固耦合问题,可以采用此方法做波浪入口条件.以期待解决模型试验费时、费力、投资大等问题.     

绕二维对称水翼的通气空泡流数值研究

本文通过有限体积离散方法求解Reynolds平均Navler—Stokes方程,采用VOF法追踪气一液两相交界面。研究了在高压低速来流,即本质上不发生自然空化的条件下,绕二维对称水翼的非定常通气空泡流动。分析了物理参数——通气方向角和攻角,对通气空泡外形、稳定性及水动力参数的影响。计算结果表明：在通气空泡的形成过程中,通气方向角存在着一个临界值,使得空泡形态由片状空泡过渡到超空泡;特定的参数组合将会诱发空泡表面出现波动现象。而且,当攻角做周期性变化时,水动力参数的变化也随之满足周期性规律,且出现阶段性振荡。     

空泡形态与典型空化器参数关系的研究--小空泡数下的发展空泡形态

空化器在自然空泡的形成过程中起着很重要的作用,空泡的尺寸与它的头部形状密切相关．因此,研究空化器对于解决空泡问题具有极其重要的意义。为了掌握空泡形态,为工程实际应用提供设计参考依据,本文利用FLUENT软件对典型空化器引起的自然空化现象进行了深入的数值仿真研究,得到了零攻角小空泡数下空化器几何形状与空泡形态参数之间的经验公式,并将仿真结果与实验进行了对比,二者符合较好。     

山西柳林泉局部区域溶质运移二维数值模拟

本文建立了用于描述柳林泉域地下水中氯离子运移行为的局部区域二维可混溶溶质运移模型。模型考虑了地下水中溶解盐分浓度变化引起的地下水密度的改变，及其导致的地下水水头的变化。该模型计算值与观测资料基本一致，说明所建模型可以用于实际。据此用所建模型预报了柳林电厂水源地投入使用后对区域地下水位和水质的影响。     

异重流二维两层模型数值计算

本文对盐水楔异重流进行了数值模拟。首针对这种弱掺混，成层型流动的特点，用断面水压强差异最小确定内界面的位置，然后用控制体积法推得组方程分别描述上层和下层不同密度流体的运动。     

绕扭曲翼型三维非定常空泡脱落结构的数值分析

该文以一种三维扭曲翼型为研究对象,采用均衡流空化模型和基于滤波器的湍流修改模式模拟了绕翼型非定常空化流动。计算结果显示,在一定条件下绕翼型的空泡流动存在两种脱落结构,即主体脱落和二次脱落。进一步的流场分析表明回射流和侧面射流是这两种空泡脱落结构产生的主要原因。计算结果与试验的比较说明,该文采用的数值模拟方法可成功模拟实验观测的空泡脱落现象。     

Numerical analysis of cavitation cloud shedding in a submerged water jet

Focused on the unsteady behavior of high-speed water jets with intensive cavitation a numerical analysis is performed by applying a practical compressible mixture flow bubble cavitation model with a simplified estimation of bubble radius. The mean flow of two-phase mixture is calculated by unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) for compressible flow and the intensity of cavitation in a local field is evaluated by the volume fraction of gas bubbles whose radius is estimated with a simplified RayleighPlesset equation according to pressure variation of the mean flow field. High-speed submerged water jet issuing from a sheathed sharp-edge orifice nozzle is treated. The periodically shedding of cavitation clouds is captured in a certain reliability compared to experiment data of visualization observation and the capability to capture the unsteadily shedding of cavitation clouds is demonstrated. The results demonstrate that cavitation takes place near the entrance of nozzle throat and cavitation cloud expands consequentially while flowing downstream. Developed bubble clouds break up near the nozzle exit and shed downstream periodically along the shear layer. Under the effect of cavitation bubbles the decay of core velocity is delayed compared to the case of no-cavitation jet.     

On the numerical simulations of vortical cavitating flows around various hydrofoils

This paper reviews the numerical models of various cavitating flows around hydrofoils. Numerical models relating to cavitation flows, including mass transfer models and turbulence models, are summarized at first. Then numerical results and analysis of flow characteristics for the cavitating flows around twisted hydrofoils, truncated hydrofoil and tip leakage are discussed respectively. For mean flow fields, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation associated with a kind of nonlinear turbulence model is found to be an economic and robust numerical approach for different kinds of cavitating flows including cloud cavitation, tip cavitation and tip leakage cavitation. To predict the fluctuations of pressure and velocity, large eddy simulation(LES) and detached eddy simulation(DES) are two effective approaches. Finally, a few open questions are proposed for future research.     

Determination of the shedding frequency of cavitation cloud in a submerged cavitation jet based on high-speed photography images

To accurately determine the shedding frequency of the cavitation cloud in a submerged cavitation jet,the spectral analysis and the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)for high-speed photography images are performed.The spectrums of 6 different kinds of image signals(the area-averaged gray level,the line-averaged gray level,the point gray level,the cavitation length,width,and area)are calculated and compared.The line-averaged gray level is found to be optimal in determining the shedding frequency but an accurate frequency can only be obtained in the stable-frequency zone where the cavitation cloud sheds.In repeated experiments,the plateau-shape distribution of the main frequency is established with a deviation of 10.8%.A revised Reynolds number Re'is defined and the shedding frequency can be correlated to Re'by a power law when the cavitation number is less than 0.02.This relationship is validated by the experimental data in literature.The first mode of the POD characterizes the ensemble-average of the cavitation cloud while the second mode is the major part of the cavitation cloud transient components.The modes 2-5 are organized in pairs,which confirms the periodic feature of the cavitation cloud in the submerged cavitation jet.Near the nozzle exit,the modes 2-5 are symmetrically distributed in the jet shear layer.The shedding frequency of the cloud cavitation can also be precisely determined by performing the spectral analysis of the weighting coefficients of the mode 2.This paper shows that the two parameters,namely,the line-averaged gray level and the weighting coefficients of the mode 2,can be confidently used to calculate the shedding frequency of the cavitation cloud in a submerged cavitation jet.     

Numerical analysis of cavitation shedding flow around a three-dimensional hydrofoil using an improved filter-based model

The cavitation shedding flow around a 3-D Clark-Y hydrofoil is simulated by using an improved filter-based model(FBM) and a mass transfer cavitation model with the consideration of the maximum density ratio effect between the liquid and the vapor. The unsteady cloud cavity shedding features around the Clark-Y hydrofoil are accurately captured based on an improved FBM model and a suitable maximum density ratio. Numerical results show that the predicted cavitation patterns and evolutions compare well with the experimental visualizations, and the prediction errors of the time-averaged lift coefficient, drag coefficient and Strouhal number St for the cavitation number σ= 0.8, the angle of attack α= 8° at a Reynolds number Re= 7 ×10~5 are only 3.29%, 2.36% and 9.58%, respectively. It is observed that the cavitation shedding flow patterns are closely associated with the vortex structures identified by the Q-criterion method. The predicted cloud cavitation shedding flow shows clearly three typical stages:(1) Initiation of the attached sheet cavity, the growth toward the trailing edge.(2) The formation and development of the re-entrant jet flow.(3) Large scale cloud cavity sheds downstream. Numerical results also indicate that the non-uniform adverse pressure gradient is the main driving force of the re-entrant jet, which results in the U-shaped cavity and the 3-D bubbly structure during the cloud cavity shedding.     

掺气条件下空化特性的高速摄影分析

本文应用高速摄影技术在浙江工业大学水力学实验室直流式水洞中对半圆柱突体的空化结构进行了试验研究。试验流速为7～40m/s,高速摄影机拍摄速率为20000fps,曝光时间为4μs。观察了不同流速下半圆柱突体后空化云的形态以及掺气泡与空泡的相互作用情况,并考虑不同掺气浓度对掺气泡与空泡相互作用的影响。     

离心泵变频调速空化特性数值分析

针对某型卧式单级单吸离心泵构建了三维模型,运用计算流体力学理论,采用多参考系模型(MRF)和两相流的混合模型(M ixture)进行模拟,得到水泵内部压力、汽液两相和汽泡相体积分数随电机输出频率和水泵转速的变化规律。计算结果表明:进口低压区的压力与电机输出频率和水泵转速成反比,当其低于汽化压力时,空化必然产生;泵内汽泡相所占的比例与电机输出频率和水泵转速成正比,比例越大,发生空化的概率越大,且越严重。该分析结果符合工程实际,为变频调速在离心泵中得到更好更合理的应用提供了理论依据。