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1.
Zhang  Fan  Zou  Lei  Zeng  Li  Gou  Xiangyang 《World Wide Web》2020,23(2):873-903

A streaming graph is a graph formed by a sequence of incoming edges with time stamps. Unlike the static graphs, the streaming graph is highly dynamic and time-related. Streaming graphs in the real world, which are of the high volume and velocity, can be challenging to the classic graph data structures: data of internet traffic, social network communication, and financial transections, etc. The traditional graph storage models like the adjacency matrix and the adjacency list are no longer sufficient for the large amount data and high frequency updates. And most the streaming graph structures are only supports the specific graph algorithms. Here a new data structure is presented to meet the challenge: a double orthogonal list in hash table (Dolha) as a high speed and high memory efficiency graph structure. Dolha has constant time cost for single edge processing, and near-linear space cost. Moreover, time cost for neighborhood queries in Dolha is linear, which enables it to support most algorithms of graphs without extra cost. A persistent structure based on Dolha is also presented, to handle the sliding window update and time related queries.

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2.
Reachability query plays a vital role in many graph analysis tasks. Previous researches proposed many methods to efficiently answer reachability queries between vertex pairs. Since many real graphs are labeled graph, it highly demands Label-Constrained Reachability (LCR) query in which constraint includes a set of labels besides vertex pairs. Recent researches proposed several methods for answering some LCR queries which require appearance of some labels specified in constraints in the path. Besides that constraint may be a label set, query constraint may be ordered labels, namely OLCR (Ordered-Label-Constrained Reachability) queries which retrieve paths matching a sequence of labels. Currently, no solutions are available for OLCR. Here, we propose DHL, a novel bloom filter based indexing technique for answering OLCR queries. DHL can be used to check reachability between vertex pairs. If the answers are not no, then constrained DFS is performed. So, we employ DHL followed by performing constrained DFS to answer OLCR queries. We show that DHL has a bounded false positive rate, and it’s powerful in saving indexing time and space. Extensive experiments on 10 real-life graphs and 12 synthetic graphs demonstrate that DHL achieves about 4.8–22.5 times smaller index space and 4.6–114 times less index construction time than two state-of-art techniques for LCR queries, while achieving comparable query response time. The results also show that our algorithm can answer OLCR queries effectively.  相似文献   

3.
图的可达性查询被广泛应用于生物网络、社会网络、本体网络、RDF网络等.由于对数据操作时引入的噪声和错误使这些图数据具有不确定性,而确定图的可达查询不能有效地处理不确定性,因此该文研究用概率语义描述的图可达性查询.具体的,该文使用可能世界概率模型定义不确定图(称为概率图),基于该模型,研究了基于阈值的概率可达查询(T-PR).首先为避免枚举所有可能世界,给出一个基本算法可精确求解T-PR查询.其次为进一步加速基本算法,给出3种改进方法,它们是不确定事件界、同构图的缩减、基于不相交路径和割集的界.通过合理的组合给出3种方法的合并算法.最后基于真实概率图数据的大量实验验证了该文的设计.  相似文献   

4.
Learning Graph Matching   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
As a fundamental problem in pattern recognition, graph matching has applications in a variety of fields, from computer vision to computational biology. In graph matching, patterns are modeled as graphs and pattern recognition amounts to finding a correspondence between the nodes of different graphs. Many formulations of this problem can be cast in general as a quadratic assignment problem, where a linear term in the objective function encodes node compatibility and a quadratic term encodes edge compatibility. The main research focus in this theme is about designing efficient algorithms for approximately solving the quadratic assignment problem, since it is NP-hard. In this paper we turn our attention to a different question: how to estimate compatibility functions such that the solution of the resulting graph matching problem best matches the expected solution that a human would manually provide. We present a method for learning graph matching: the training examples are pairs of graphs and the 'labels' are matches between them. Our experimental results reveal that learning can substantially improve the performance of standard graph matching algorithms. In particular, we find that simple linear assignment with such a learning scheme outperforms Graduated Assignment with bistochastic normalisation, a state-of-the-art quadratic assignment relaxation algorithm.  相似文献   

5.
The growing popularity of graph databases has generated interesting data management problems, such as subgraph search, shortest path query, reachability verification, and pattern matching. Among these, a pattern match query is more flexible compared with a subgraph search and more informative compared with a shortest path or a reachability query. In this paper, we address distance-based pattern match queries over a large data graph G. Due to the huge search space, we adopt a filter-and-refine framework to answer a pattern match query over a large graph. We first find a set of candidate matches by a graph embedding technique and then evaluate these to find the exact matches. Extensive experiments confirm the superiority of our method.  相似文献   

6.
张丽霞  王伟平  高建良  王建新 《软件学报》2015,26(11):2964-2980
在大数据时代,数据图的规模急剧增长,增量图模式匹配算法能够在数据图或模式图发生变化时避免重新在整个数据图上进行匹配、减少响应时间,因此成为了研究的热点.针对实际应用中数据图不变而模式图发生变化的情况,提出了一种面向模式图变化的增量图模式匹配算法PGC_IncGPM,在模式图匹配的过程中记录适当的中间结果作为索引,用于后续的模式匹配.提出了增强的图模式匹配算法GPMS,用于首次整个数据图上的模式匹配.该算法一方面能够建立后续增量匹配所需的索引,另一方面减少了整个数据图匹配的执行时间.设计实现了面向模式图增边和减边的两个核心子算法,通过子算法的组合,能够支持在模式图发生各种变化时进行增量图模式匹配.在真实数据集和合成数据集上进行实验,结果表明:与重新在整个数据图上进行匹配的ReComputing算法相比,当模式图中变化的边的数目不超过不变的边的数目时,PGC_IncGPM算法能够有效减少图模式匹配的执行时间;随着数据图规模的增大,PGC_IncGPM算法相对于ReComputing算法的执行时间的减少程度更加明显,对于大规模数据图具有更好的适用性.  相似文献   

7.
Graphs are widely used for modeling complicated data such as social networks, bibliographical networks and knowledge bases. The growing sizes of graph databases motivate the crucial need for developing powerful and scalable graph-based query engines. We propose a SPARQL-like language, G-SPARQL, for querying attributed graphs. The language enables the expression of different types of graph queries that are of large interest in the databases that are modeled as large graph such as pattern matching, reachability and shortest path queries. Each query can combine both structural predicates and value-based predicates (on the attributes of the graph nodes/edges). We describe an algebraic compilation mechanism for our proposed query language which is extended from the relational algebra and based on the basic construct of building SPARQL queries, the Triple Pattern. We describe an efficient hybrid Memory/Disk representation of large attributed graphs where only the topology of the graph is maintained in memory while the data of the graph are stored in a relational database. The execution engine of our proposed query language splits parts of the query plan to be pushed inside the relational database (using SQL) while the execution of other parts of the query plan is processed using memory-based algorithms, as necessary. Experimental results on real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the efficiency and the scalability of our approach and show that our approach outperforms native graph databases by several factors.  相似文献   

8.
Efficiently answering reachability queries, which checks whether one vertex can reach another in a directed graph, has been studied extensively during recent years. However, the size of the graph that people are facing and generating nowadays is growing so rapidly that simple algorithms, such as BFS and DFS, are no longer feasible. Although Refined Online Search algorithms can scale to large graphs, they all suffer from the false positive problem. In this paper, we analyze the cause of false positive and propose an efficient High Dimensional coordinate generating method based on Graph Dominance Drawing (HD-GDD) to answer reachability queries in linear or even constant time. We conduct experiments on different graph structures and different graph sizes to fully evaluate the performance and behavior of our proposal. Empirical results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms and can handle extensive graphs.  相似文献   

9.
In many applications, XML documents need to be modelled as graphs. The query processing of graph-structured XML documents brings new challenges. In this paper, we design a method based on labelling scheme for structural queries processing on graph-structured XML documents. We give each node some labels, the reachability labelling scheme. By extending an interval-based reachability labelling scheme for DAG by Rakesh et al., we design labelling schemes to support the judgements of reachability relationships for general graphs. Based on the labelling schemes, we design graph structural join algorithms to answer the structural queries with only ancestor-descendant relationship efficiently. For the processing of subgraph query, we design a subgraph join algorithm. With efficient data structure, the subgraph join algorithm can process subgraph queries with various structures efficiently. Experimental results show that our algorithms have good performance and scalability. Support by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60533110; the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No. 2006CB303000; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60773068 and No. 60773063.  相似文献   

10.
Given a large directed graph, rapidly answering reachability queries between source and target nodes is an important problem. Existing methods for reachability tradeoff indexing time and space versus query time performance. However, the biggest limitation of existing methods is that they do not scale to very large real-world graphs. We present a simple yet scalable reachability index, called GRAIL, that is based on the idea of randomized interval labeling and that can effectively handle very large graphs. Based on an extensive set of experiments, we show that while more sophisticated methods work better on small graphs, GRAIL is the only index that can scale to millions of nodes and edges. GRAIL has linear indexing time and space, and the query time ranges from constant time to being linear in the graph order and size. Our reference C++ implementations are open source and available for download at http://www.code.google.com/p/grail/.  相似文献   

11.
解宁  申德荣  冯朔  寇月  聂铁铮  于戈 《软件学报》2014,25(S2):213-224
图被广泛用来建模在社交网络、语义网、计算生物学和软件分析中的应用.可达性查询是图数据上的一种基础查询.当前,针对图上的可达性查询已经提出了一些索引算法,但是它们不能灵活地扩展到大的图数据.因此,提出了一种索引方法RIAIL(reachability index augmented by interval labeling).RIAIL将结点的标记信息表示成四元组.前两个元素是区间标记,编码生成树的可达性信息,后两个元素编码非树边的可达性信息.RIAIL查询时只需索引且索引创建代价小.最后,通过大量真实和人工生成数据集上的实验说明,RIAIL能够高效地处理可达性查询,并且可以简单地扩展到大的图数据.  相似文献   

12.
A matching in a graph is a set of edges no two of which share a common vertex. In this paper we introduce a new, specialized type of matching which we call uniquely restricted matchings, originally motivated by the problem of determining a lower bound on the rank of a matrix having a specified zero/ non-zero pattern. A uniquely restricted matching is defined to be a matching M whose saturated vertices induce a subgraph which has only one perfect matching, namely M itself. We introduce the two problems of recognizing a uniquely restricted matching and of finding a maximum uniquely restricted matching in a given graph, and present algorithms and complexity results for certain special classes of graphs. We demonstrate that testing whether a given matching M is uniquely restricted can be done in O(|M||E|) time for an arbitrary graph G=(V,E) and in linear time for cacti, interval graphs, bipartite graphs, split graphs and threshold graphs. The maximum uniquely restricted matching problem is shown to be NP-complete for bipartite graphs, split graphs, and hence for chordal graphs and comparability graphs, but can be solved in linear time for threshold graphs, proper interval graphs, cacti and block graphs. Received April 12, 1998; revised June 21, 1999.  相似文献   

13.
We proposed a novel solution schema called the Hierarchical Labeling Schema (HLS) to answer reachability queries in directed graphs. Different from many existing approaches that focus on static directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), our schema focuses on directed cyclic graphs (DCGs) where vertices or arcs could be added to a graph incrementally. Unlike many of the traditional approaches, HLS does not require the graph to be acyclic in constructing its index. Therefore, it could, in fact, be applied to both DAGs and DCGs. When vertices or arcs are added to a graph, the HLS is capable of updating the index incrementally instead of re-computing the index from the scratch each time, making it more efficient than many other approaches in the practice. The basic idea of HLS is to create a tree for each vertex in a graph and link the trees together so that whenever two vertices are given, we can immediately know whether there is a path between them by referring to the appropriate trees. We conducted extensive experiments on both real-world datasets and synthesized datasets. We compared the performance of HLS, in terms of index construction time, query processing time and space consumption, with two state-of-the-art methodologies, the path-tree method and the 3-hop method. We also conducted simulations to model the situation when a graph is updated incrementally. The performance comparison of different algorithms against HLS on static graphs has also been studied. Our results show that HLS is highly competitive in the practice and is particularly useful in the cases where the graphs are updated frequently.  相似文献   

14.
In a graph G a matching is a set of edges in which no two edges have a common endpoint. An induced matching is a matching in which no two edges are linked by an edge of G. The maximum induced matching (abbreviated MIM) problem is to find the maximum size of an induced matching for a given graph G. This problem is known to be NP-hard even on bipartite graphs or on planar graphs. We present a polynomial time algorithm which given a graph G either finds a maximum induced matching in G, or claims that the size of a maximum induced matching in G is strictly less than the size of a maximum matching in G. We show that the MIM problem is NP-hard on line-graphs, claw-free graphs, chair-free graphs, Hamiltonian graphs and r-regular graphs for r \geq 5. On the other hand, we present polynomial time algorithms for the MIM problem on (P 5,D m )-free graphs, on (bull, chair)-free graphs and on line-graphs of Hamiltonian graphs.  相似文献   

15.
面向不确定图的概率可达查询   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
图的可达性查询被广泛应用于生物网络、社会网络、本体网络、RDF数据库和XML数据库等.由于对数据操作时引入的噪声和错误使这些图数据具有不确定性,已经有大量的针对不确定RDF和XML数据库的研究.文中使用可能世界语义模型构建不确定图,基于该模型,研究了概率可达查询(PR).处理PR查询是#P完全问题,对此文中首先给出一个基本随机算法,可快速地估算出可达概率,并且该值有很高的精确度.进一步,文中为随机算法引入条件分布(称为"条件随机算法"),采用图的不相交路径集和割集作为条件概率分布,因此改进的随机算法可准确地并且是在多项式时间内处理查询.最后基于真实不确定图数据的大量实验结果验证了文中的设计.  相似文献   

16.
知识图谱划分算法研究综述   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
知识图谱是人工智能的重要基石,因其包含丰富的图结构和属性信息而受到广泛关注.知识图谱可以精确语义描述现实世界中的各种实体及其联系,其中顶点表示实体,边表示实体间的联系.知识图谱划分是大规模知识图谱分布式处理的首要工作,对知识图谱分布式存储、查询、推理和挖掘起基础支撑作用.随着知识图谱数据规模及分布式处理需求的不断增长,...  相似文献   

17.
Gao  Jiu-Ru  Chen  Wei  Xu  Jia-Jie  Liu  An  Li  Zhi-Xu  Yin  Hongzhi  Zhao  Lei 《计算机科学技术学报》2019,34(6):1185-1202

With the popularity of storing large data graph in cloud, the emergence of subgraph pattern matching on a remote cloud has been inspired. Typically, subgraph pattern matching is defined in terms of subgraph isomorphism, which is an NP-complete problem and sometimes too strict to find useful matches in certain applications. And how to protect the privacy of data graphs in subgraph pattern matching without undermining matching results is an important concern. Thus, we propose a novel framework to achieve the privacy-preserving subgraph pattern matching in cloud. In order to protect the structural privacy in data graphs, we firstly develop a k-automorphism model based method. Additionally, we use a cost-model based label generalization method to protect label privacy in both data graphs and pattern graphs. During the generation of the k-automorphic graph, a large number of noise edges or vertices might be introduced to the original data graph. Thus, we use the outsourced graph, which is only a subset of a k-automorphic graph, to answer the subgraph pattern matching. The efficiency of the pattern matching process can be greatly improved in this way. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the high efficiency of our framework.

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18.
Graphs are widely used to model complicated data semantics in many applications in bioinformatics, chemistry, social networks, pattern recognition, etc. A recent trend is to tolerate noise arising from various sources such as erroneous data entries and find similarity matches. In this paper, we study graph similarity queries with edit distance constraints. Inspired by the $q$ -gram idea for string similarity problems, our solution extracts paths from graphs as features for indexing. We establish a lower bound of common features to generate candidates. Efficient algorithms are proposed to handle three types of graph similarity queries by exploiting both matching and mismatching features as well as degree information to improve the filtering and verification on candidates. We demonstrate the proposed algorithms significantly outperform existing approaches with extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets.  相似文献   

19.
20.
王宏志  骆吉洲  李建中 《软件学报》2009,20(9):2436-2449
研究了图结构XML数据上子图查询处理,给出了一系列高效的处理算法.基于可达编码,首先提出基于哈希的结构连接算法(HGJoin)来处理图结构XML数据上的可达查询.然后,该算法被扩展来处理特殊的二分图查询.基于这些算法和所给出的代价模型,提出了一般DAG子图查询的处理算法和查询优化策略.这些算法经过简单修改即可有效地处理一般的子图查询.理论分析和实验结果表明,算法具有较高的效率.  相似文献   

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