通用故障诊断软件系统的设计开发与研究

针对目前国内通用故障诊断软件较少见的情形 ,提出了基于知识模型库的故障诊断软件的结构方案。该软件合理有序地集成了各种的故障诊断方法 ,能够高效地实施故障诊断功能 ;且对于任何系统都适应 ,具有通用性。     

Practical knowledge and its importance for software product quality

To achieve software product quality professional skill and knowledge is important. The way to reach software product quality is often structured approaches for software quality such as SPI and CMM which have been criticized for lack of a knowledge perspective. The view taken in this study is that software product quality is related to interpretations and understanding in practice, and thus on practical knowledge. Based on a qualitative study of practising software developers’ understanding of the concept of quality and quality assessment, it is shown why quality resists definition and why experience-based, practical knowledge is important.     

An approach to instruction set compiled simulator development based on a target processor C compiler back-end design

Many instruction set simulation approaches place the retargetability and/or cycle-accuracy as the key features for easier architectural exploration and performance estimation early in the hardware development phase. This paper describes an approach in which importance of speed and controllability is placed above the cycle-accuracy and retargetability, thus providing a better platform for software development. The main idea behind this work is to associate the compiled simulator effort with the development of the C language compiler for the target embedded processor, using the knowledge related to compilers and reusing some common software elements. Through the prototype design of a compiled simulator for the Cirrus Logic Coyote DSP architecture, many implementation aspects are presented showing that this approach has great potential.     

Model-based testing approaches selection for software projects

Selecting software technologies for software projects represents a challenge to software engineers. It is known that software projects differ from each other by presenting different characteristics that can complicate the selection of such technologies. This is not different when considering model-based testing. There are many approaches with different characteristics described in the technical literature that can be used in software projects. However, there is no indication as to how they can fit a software project. Therefore, a strategy to select model-based testing approaches for software projects called Porantim is fully described in this paper. Porantim is based on a body of knowledge describing model-based testing approaches and their characterization attributes (identified by secondary and primary experimental studies), and a process to guide by adequacy and impact criteria regarding the use of this sort of software technology that can be used by software engineers to select model-based testing approaches for software projects.     

The role of domain knowledge in software design

If effective knowledge-based support is to be provided for software designers, the process of software design, and the classes of knowledge used by designers must be understood more clearly. It has been shown that a software designer's experience of designing software in the current application domain has a significant effect on the production of a quality design. However, in gaining experience of designing software, a designer gains knowledge in various distinct areas, including software design and the application domain. It is currently unclear which elements of this experience are important. In particular, the role of application domain knowledge that is independent of software design is of great significance for builders of intelligent software design support systems, since the overheads involved in providing application domain knowledge for a variety of application domains in such systems would be huge. This paper reports on a study that has been carried out to gain insights into this question, based around the structured techniques of DeMarco (1979) and Yourdon and Constantine (1979). From this preliminary investigation it would appear that a designer's general knowledge of the application domain does not affect the quality of a design produced for a system in this domain; this runs contrary to current popular beliefs.     

Review of Intelligent Software Architectures for the Development of An Intelligent Decision Support System for Design Process Planning in Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent engineering (CE) is a strategy that attempts to process as many product development tasks in parallel and incorporate relevant life-cycle attributes as early as possible in the design phase in an effort to reduce the duration of design projects, save development costs, and provide better quality products. The CE environment is characterized by a high degree of distributed cognitive processing in the form of product development team structures. The distribution of appropriate knowledge to members of these teams and other participants in the design process for the purpose of supporting management and planning decisions is a considerably complex problem. New approaches and tools based on artificial intelligence methodologies are needed to deal with this level of complexity in coordinating knowledge resources. This paper reviews a number of potential candidates for an intelligent software architecture that can represent this type of problem as well as support the knowledge handling necessary to solve such problems. The selection of an appropriate architecture will support the development of an intelligent information system that is able to mimic human cognitive processes as the basic tool for providing decision-making support for planning and controlling a CE design process.     

基于决策的软件体系结构设计方法

软件体系结构是软件系统的高层抽象,对提高软件系统质量、支持软件开发、复用和控制软件复杂性都有着很重要的作用。但是决策类的软件就是要以决策主题为中心,运用相关的规则的主题和知识库来为决策软件提供一些知识服务和决策支持。我们应该从决策类软件中的复杂度、生成方案类型多、概率性高、软件运算模型的数量大的特点来进行分析,研究软件体系中应该注意的问题和策略,并对基于决策的软件体系结构设计做出较好的方法。     

The role of domain knowledge in software design

Abstract

If effective knowledge-based support is to be provided for software designers, the process of software design, and the classes of knowledge used by designers must be understood more clearly. It has been shown that a software designer's experience of designing software in the current application domain has a significant effect on the production of a quality design. However, in gaining experience of designing software, a designer gains knowledge in various distinct areas, including software design and the application domain. It is currently unclear which elements of this experience are important. In particular, the role of application domain knowledge that is independent of software design is of great significance for builders of intelligent software design support systems, since the overheads involved in providing application domain knowledge for a variety of application domains in such systems would be huge. This paper reports on a study that has been carried out to gain insights into this question, based around the structured techniques of DeMarco (1979) and Yourdon and Constantine (1979). From this preliminary investigation it would appear that a designer's general knowledge of the application domain does not affect the quality of a design produced for a system in this domain; this runs contrary to current popular beliefs.     

基于构件技术的智能手机软件开发模型的研究

智能手机的系统资源很有限,它的功能众多,但彼此间存在着很多的矛盾,这些问题导致了传统软件开发模式阻碍了智能手机软件的开发。所以对于智能手机的软件开发显得尤为重要,由于智能手机的软件众多,本文主要针对其中的MMS客户端软件为研究对象,结合构件技术的知识对智能手机软件模型进行浅要的分析。     

Software operation time evaluation based on MTM

Many usability approaches have been devised to enable software developers to evaluate and improve user interfaces. Techniques have been focused on design recommendations not always supported by empirical evidences. However, in different environments based on Internet/web browser access, software applications are the support for repetitive tasks (in many cases supporting industrial or engineering processes, e.g. hosted in Intranets) where operation time and learning curve are important items to be controlled. In this paper, a new method for measuring required operation time as basis for improving interaction and interface design is presented. The basis of the method has been inspired on the adaptation of the well-known MTM method for time measurement and task analysis in industrial environments. Empirical evidences support the relationship between the proposed measure and the time required for operations by software users.     

Knowledge-based approaches in software documentation: A systematic literature review

ContextSoftware documents are core artifacts produced and consumed in documentation activity in the software lifecycle. Meanwhile, knowledge-based approaches have been extensively used in software development for decades, however, the software engineering community lacks a comprehensive understanding on how knowledge-based approaches are used in software documentation, especially documentation of software architecture design.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to explore how knowledge-based approaches are employed in software documentation, their influences to the quality of software documentation, and the costs and benefits of using these approaches.MethodWe use a systematic literature review method to identify the primary studies on knowledge-based approaches in software documentation, following a pre-defined review protocol.ResultsSixty studies are finally selected, in which twelve quality attributes of software documents, four cost categories, and nine benefit categories of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation are identified. Architecture understanding is the top benefit of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation. The cost of retrieving information from documents is the major concern when using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation.ConclusionsThe findings of this review suggest several future research directions that are critical and promising but underexplored in current research and practice: (1) there is a need to use knowledge-based approaches to improve the quality attributes of software documents that receive less attention, especially credibility, conciseness, and unambiguity; (2) using knowledge-based approaches with the knowledge content in software documents which gets less attention in current applications of knowledge-based approaches in software documentation, to further improve the practice of software documentation activity; (3) putting more focus on the application of software documents using the knowledge-based approaches (knowledge reuse, retrieval, reasoning, and sharing) in order to make the most use of software documents; and (4) evaluating the costs and benefits of using knowledge-based approaches in software documentation qualitatively and quantitatively.     

An online expert system for fault diagnosis in hydraulic systems

Fault diagnosis has become increasingly important for industrial automation and many approaches have been investigated for the online diagnostic task. This work demonstrates a new online expert system for dynamic industrial automated processes. The emphasis of this diagnostic system lies in the functions provided for fault detection, prediction, compensation and diagnosis. The system uses experiential knowledge cooperatively with scientific knowledge in a new interactive formation. It is developed in two parts using the DASYLab software for the numerical computations and the KPWin development tool for the symbolic representations. The system was developed in collaboration with the company Automation Systems S.A., which specializes in hydraulic systems, and is used for fault detection in production machines.     

Deriving engineering software from requirements

With the advent of intelligent computer aided design systems, companies such as Boeing are embarking on an era in which core competitive engineering knowledge and design rationale is being encoded in software systems. The promise of this technology is that this knowledge can be leveraged across many different designs, product families, and even different uses (e.g., generative process planning for manufacturing). The current state of the practice attempts to achieve this goal through the reuse of software components. A fundamental problem with this approach to knowledge sharing and reuse is that what we are trying to reuse is software—the end artifact in a long and complicated process that goes from requirement specifications, through a process of design, to implementations. Knowledge sharing and reuse can not easily and uniformly occur at the software level. So what can be done as an alternative? This paper describes a theory, methodology, language, and tool for the semi-automatic development and maintenance of engineering software from requirement specifications. In essence, this paradigm for software development and maintenance is one that explicitly captures requirement specifications, designs, implementations, and the refinement processes that lead from requirements all the way down to software. By recording this entire refinement history, we stand a better chance of leveraging knowledge for different uses.     

基于动态分析的软件不变量综合技术

软件不变量是软件的重要属性，在软件验证、软件调试和软件测试等领域有重要作用.自20世纪末以来，基于动态分析的不变量综合技术成为相关领域的一个研究热点，并且取得了一定的进展.本文收集了90篇相关论文对该领域进行系统总结.基于动态分析的不变量综合技术是该领域的核心问题，本文提出了”学习者-预言”框架统一描述相关方法，并且在此框架内根据学习者的归纳方法将综合技术大致分为4类，分别是基于模板穷举的方法、基于数值计算的方法、基于统计学习的方法以及基于符号执行的方法.其次，本文讨论基于动态分析综合的不变量在软件验证和软件工程等领域的重要应用.随后，总结不变量生成技术中常用的实验对象程序和开源的不变量综合工具.最后，总结该领域并展望未来的研究方向.     

Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects

Architectural styles, object-oriented design and design patterns all hold promise as approaches that simplify software design and reuse by capturing and exploiting system design knowledge. This article explores the capabilities and roles of the various approaches, their strengths and their limitations     

软件性能工程方法在交互式软件开发中的应用

在诸多交互式软件系统中,包括软件开发工具及基于万维网的工具,性能问题是至关重要的.然而在软件开发过程中,性能问题并未得到足够的重视.主要目的是展示一种有效方法, 使得经过细致设计后交互式软件有满意的性能.展示如何应用软件性能工程方法于交互式软件工具开发中,特别注重在设计阶段的性能估算及其在决定实现方案时之效果.除了源于软件性能工程的严格的量化估算方法,提出性能亦可半量化或非量化方法进行有效而经济的估算. 基于结果的描述,最终建议为源于软件性能工程方法学中苛求采用系统环境参数进行细化定量性能估算未必是惟一手段.演示了在软件工具开发早期阶段中一种用以评估性能的基于分析和实验的有效综合途经.希望能反映出了良好的实验计算机科学之本质.     

Student modeling and assessment in intelligent tutoring of software patterns

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a student model in DEPTHS (Design Pattern Teaching Help System), an intelligent tutoring system for learning software design patterns. There are many approaches and technologies for student modeling, but choosing the right one depends on intended functionalities of an intelligent system that the student model is going to be used in. Those functionalities often determine the kinds of information that the student model should contain. The student model used in DEPTHS is a result of combining two widely known modeling approaches, namely, stereotype and overlay modeling. The model is domain independent and can be easily applied in other learning domains as well. To keep student model update during the learning process, DEPTHS makes use of a knowledge assessment method based on fuzzy rules (i.e., a combination of production rules and fuzzy logics). The evaluation of DEPTHS performed with the aim of assessing the system’s overall effectiveness and the accuracy of its student model, indicated several advantages of the DEPTHS system over the traditional approach to learning design patterns, and encouraged us to move on further with this research.