采后热空气处理对杨梅果实冷藏期间品质及生理的影响

研究了杨梅果实(Myrica rubra sieb.et Zucc.)在47℃-3 h与53℃-2.5 h条件下热空气处理对果实在1℃,16 d贮藏期间品质及生理的影响。研究表明,杨梅果实采后在47℃-3 h与53℃-2.5h条件下热空气处理对可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总糖、还原糖含量影响不大,但可减少冷藏期间果实腐烂的发生,抑制贮藏后期果实呼吸速率的上升,抑制果实的MDA含量、相对电导率和腐烂指数的上升。相比于53℃-2.5 h的处理,47℃-3 h处理能保持较高杨梅果实Vc含量和果肉硬度,减少果实失重,在维持品质方面效果更好。总之,热空气处理能够维持杨梅果实的品质、延缓衰老,延长贮藏寿命。     

热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯处理对杨梅果实采后腐烂和品质的影响（英文）

目的分析热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,Me JA)处理对杨梅果实采后腐烂和品质的影响。方法将"乌种"杨梅在48°C下进行10μmol/L Me JA的熏蒸处理,随后在20°C下贮藏3 d或者1°C下贮藏5、10 d、15 d后再20°C贮藏1 d以模拟货架条件,贮藏期间或结束后测定果实发病率以及硬度、可滴定酸(titratable acid,TA)、可溶性固形物(Total Soluble Solid,TSS)、维生素C和总酚等品质指标。同时,采用芽管离体培养法测定该复合处理对Verticicladiella abietina(杨梅轮帚霉)孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。结果 10μmol/L Me JA处理对V.abietina孢子萌发无明显抑制作用,但可显著抑制病原菌菌丝的生长;48°C热空气处理则可显著抑制病原菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。单一热空气或茉莉酸甲酯处理均可抑制杨梅果实采后贮藏期间绿霉病发病率,但两者复合处理较单一处理更为显著的抑制了杨梅果实病害发生,且经复合处理的杨梅果实其硬度、TA、TSS、维生素C和总酚含量均显著高于单一处理果实。结论热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯处理可通过抑制V.abietina的生长从而控制杨梅果实采后腐烂并同时延缓果实品质下降,从而为该复合处理的实际应用提供理论依据。     

热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯处理对杨梅果实采后腐烂和品质的影响

目的 分析热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate, MeJA)处理对杨梅果实采后腐烂和品质的影响。方法 将“乌种”杨梅在48 °C下进行10 μmol/L MeJA的熏蒸处理, 随后在20 °C下贮藏3 d或者1 °C下贮藏5、10 d、15 d后再20 °C贮藏1 d以模拟货架条件, 贮藏期间或结束后测定果实发病率以及硬度、可滴定酸(titratable acid, TA)、可溶性固形物(Total Soluble Solid, TSS)、维生素C和总酚等品质指标。同时, 采用芽管离体培养法测定该复合处理对Verticicladiella abietina(杨梅轮帚霉)孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响。结果 10 μmol/L MeJA处理对V. abietina孢子萌发无明显抑制作用, 但可显著抑制病原菌菌丝的生长; 48 °C热空气处理则可显著抑制病原菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。单一热空气或茉莉酸甲酯处理均可抑制杨梅果实采后贮藏期间绿霉病发病率, 但两者复合处理较单一处理更为显著的抑制了杨梅果实病害发生, 且经复合处理的杨梅果实其硬度、TA、TSS、维生素C和总酚含量均显著高于单一处理果实。结论 热空气复合茉莉酸甲酯处理可通过抑制V. abietina的生长从而控制杨梅果实采后腐烂并同时延缓果实品质下降, 从而为该复合处理的实际应用提供理论依据。     

热空气处理对杨梅果实采后活性氧代谢和热激蛋白合成的影响

研究热空气处理对杨梅果实采后活性氧代谢以及热激蛋白合成的影响。以48℃热空气处理杨梅果实3h,随后于(1±1)℃贮藏12d,并每隔3d测定果实腐烂率,膜脂氧化指标脂氧合酶(LOX)活性,活性氧代谢相关酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性以及超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)和羟自由基( ·OH)生成量,并同时检测热激蛋白(HSP)合成水平。结果表明,热处理可显著延缓果实贮藏期间SOD、CAT和APX活性的下降,诱导HSP的合成,从而抑制O2－ ·和 ·OH的积累和LOX活性的上升,减轻了过量活性氧自由基对细胞膜的损害。热空气处理延缓杨梅果实采后衰老并减少腐烂的机制与其平衡活性氧代谢和诱导热激蛋白的合成密切相关。     

热空气处理对西葫芦采后低温贮藏生理的影响

为研究热空气处理对采后西葫芦低温贮藏品质的影响。将西葫芦于35℃热空气处理40 min及45℃热空气处理20 min,以室温(20±2)℃下未经热空气处理的西葫芦为对照,然后置于4℃低温条件下进行贮藏,通过每3 d测定其品质与生理生化指标来反映热空气处理的贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明:热空气处理西葫芦的呼吸强度减轻且呼吸跃变时间推迟,果实的硬度、TSS含量、可溶性糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量较对照保持更好;热空气处理西葫芦的O_2~-含量、H_2O_2含量降低,抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD、POD)活性激发提高,使得自由基的清除能力增强;MDA含量、电解质渗透率减小,使得膜脂过氧化进程变慢,细胞膜得到保护,果实的冷害指数也降低,说明热空气处理西葫芦低温逆境下抵御能力增强,且45℃热空气处理20 min效果更好。     

热空气结合肉桂精油熏蒸脆红李保鲜工艺优化

为确定热空气结合肉桂精油处理对脆红李果实保鲜的较优条件,以果实腐烂指数为考察目标,采用单因素试验对不同热空气结合肉桂精油处理时间、温度和肉桂精油浓度进行筛选,利用响应曲面法优化热空气结合肉桂精油熏蒸处理脆红李保鲜工艺,对比分析该条件下果实的贮藏品质。结果表明,热空气结合肉桂精油熏蒸处理保鲜脆红李的较优条件为:处理时间3.1 h、温度32.5℃、肉桂精油浓度188μL/L,测得脆红李果实的腐烂指数为16.37%。与对照组相比,该条件下还能显著提高脆红李贮藏期间果实硬度、总酸、VC含量,延缓可溶性固形物含量下降,研究结果为热空气结合肉桂精油熏蒸在脆红李保鲜的应用提供参考。     

硼处理对杨梅果实采后贮藏期间蔗糖代谢及花色苷合成的影响

以"乌种"杨梅果实为试材,研究了硼(四硼酸钾)处理对采后杨梅果实在1℃贮藏期间品质、蔗糖代谢及花色苷合成的影响。结果显示:10 g/L为杨梅果实最大有效硼处理浓度,采用10 g/L硼处理可有效降低杨梅果实贮藏期间腐烂率并维持果实品质;10 g/L硼处理可显著抑制果实贮藏期间AI、SPS以及SS2(蔗糖合酶合成方向)活性的上升并提高SS1(蔗糖合酶分解方向)活性;同时,经硼处理的杨梅果实中葡萄糖和蔗糖含量明显低于对照果实,而果糖、总花色苷和矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷含量却高于对照水平。由此推测,硼元素可通过直接调控杨梅果实采后贮藏期间蔗糖代谢酶活性来积累杨梅花色苷前体UDPG,从而为杨梅果实花色苷的合成提供底物,最终起到促进果实花色苷合成和改善贮藏品质的作用。     

采后热空气处理对嘎拉苹果品质及后熟特性的影响

研究采后热空气处理(38℃/4d)对嘎拉苹果品质及后熟特性的影响。嘎拉苹果采后立即经38℃、4d的热空气处理,后0℃冷藏6w。冷藏结束后取出,20℃下存放1w模拟货架。贮藏中或货架后测定各品质及后熟指标。研究发现,热空气处理降低了贮藏过程中果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,加速了固酸比的上升和果皮的黄化,延缓了贮藏过程中果实的软化,降低冷藏末期和货架期后的细胞膜透性。货架期后,热处理组嘎拉苹果保持了更好的质地品质,感官评定发现热处理提高了贮藏后嘎拉苹果的硬度和脆度,提高了可接受度。可见,该热处理能较好保持嘎拉苹果贮藏品质,同时延缓其后熟。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素涂膜处理对采后杨梅果实品质、生理及花色苷合成的影响

研究了羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)涂膜处理对"乌种"杨梅果实冷藏期间品质、花色苷合成以及抗氧化活性的影响。将杨梅果实分别置于0.5%、1%、5%和10%的HPMC溶液中浸泡10 min,随后在室温下缓慢风干以在果实表面形成稳定涂膜,最后将果实于1℃下贮藏8 d,每隔2 d取样测定果实品质和生理指标、花色苷含量以及花色苷合成关键基因表达丰度。结果显示:采用5%的HPMC涂膜处理较其他处理浓度可更为有效的降低果实贮藏期间腐烂率,提高TSS和TA含量以及感官分数并抑制p H值的上升;5%HPMC涂膜处理可显著降低果实贮藏期间呼吸速率和乙烯释放量,延缓MDA含量和相对电导率的上升。另一方面,经5%HPMC涂膜处理的杨梅果实在整个贮藏期间PAL1和CHS基因的表达量均显著高于对照水平,并伴随着果实花色苷的积累以及DPPH自由基清除能力和总还原力的提升。由此推测,5%HPMC涂膜处理可显著延缓杨梅果实贮藏期间的衰老进程并降低呼吸底物的消耗从而维持果实品质和风味,并可有效诱导杨梅果实贮藏期间PAL1和CHS基因的表达以促进花色苷类物质的合成,最终提高了果实抗氧化能力。     

短波紫外线、热空气和丁香酚处理对“晚秋红心桃”采后病害的抑制作用及果实品质的影响

该研究以晚熟桃“晚秋红心桃”为原料,分别进行短波紫外线、热空气和丁香酚处理,随后于20℃贮藏8 d,期间每2 d取样,测定果实的发病率、病斑直径、颜色、硬度、失重率、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量。结果表明,3种处理均能有效抑制采后病害的发生,其中热空气处理效果最佳。经热空气处理(40℃,4 h)后,桃果实病害发生率和病斑直径显著低于对照(P<0.05),贮藏第8天时,桃果实病害发生率为20.00%,病斑直径为15.98 mm。此外,热空气处理能够显著抑制采后桃果实失重率的上升和硬度的下降,维持采后果皮色泽(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果进一步证明,热空气处理能维持桃果实采后贮藏期间的品质。综上所述,热空气处理对“晚秋红心桃”采后病害具有良好的抑制效果,并且对桃果实保鲜具有一定的增效作用。     

Effect of hot air treatment on quality and ripening of Chinese bayberry fruit

BACKGROUND: Postharvest decay and softening are the major factors limiting the extension of storage life of Chinese bayberry fruit. To evaluate the effects of hot air treatment (HAT) on Chinese bayberry fruit, fruits were stored at 2 °C after exposure to 20 °C (control), 40 °C (HAT₄₀), 45 °C (HAT₄₅) or 50 °C (HAT₅₀) hot air for 3 h. The effects of HAT on firmness, disease incidence, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), respiration, ethylene production, pectic substances and activities of pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) were examined. RESULTS: HAT inhibited decrease in firmness, SSC and TA and retarded increase in disease incidence, while it promoted decrease in respiration rate and ethylene production. HAT suppressed the activities of PME and PG, which resulted in delaying the depolymerisation of chelator‐soluble and alkali‐soluble pectic substances and reducing the increase in water‐soluble pectic substances compared with control fruits. CONCLUSION: The present findings show that HAT can maintain postharvest quality and delay ripening of Chinese bayberry fruit and suggest that HAT could be considered for commercial use to extend the postharvest life of Chinese bayberry fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同方式贮藏对拉萨刺梨品质的影响

本研究以拉萨地区刺梨果实为试材,分别采用室温、室温＋气调袋、低温（（1.0±0.5）℃）和低温 （（1.0±0.5）℃）＋气调袋4 种方式贮藏,测定贮藏过程中硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、 VC含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力、质量损失率、腐烂率的变化,研究不同方式贮藏对 刺梨品质的影响。结果表明：在贮藏6 d时,室温、室温＋气调袋、低温和低温＋气调袋贮藏的刺梨VC含量分别下 降了69.55%、25.91%、41.93%和14.47%,SOD活力分别下降了47.99%、24.96%、33.98%和14.32%,在贮藏6 d时仅 室温＋气调袋处理的刺梨有腐烂现象出现,腐烂率为1.78%;与其他贮藏方式相比,低温＋气调袋贮藏组果实的硬 度、可溶性固形物质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、质量损失率等下降明显变缓,贮藏综合品质最好。     

A combination of hot air treatment and nano‐packing reduces fruit decay and maintains quality in postharvest Chinese bayberries

BACKGOUND: Chinese bayberry is susceptible to microbial decay during postharvest handling and storage. To search for effective alternatives to currently used fungicides for disease control, the efficacy of hot air (HA) treatment at 48 °C for 3 h alone or in combination with nano‐packing (NP) containing nano‐TiO₂ and nano‐Ag in controlling green mould decay caused by Penicillium citrinum and natural decay, and their effects on fruit quality in harvested Chinese bayberries were investigated in this study. RESULTS: The combined treatment of HA and NP resulted in a remarkably improved control of green mould and natural decay in Chinese bayberries compared with treatment of HA or NP alone. The in vitro growth of P. citrinum was significantly inhibited by individual HA or NP. In addition, HA in combination with NP showed interactive effect on inhibiting fruit respiration, ethylene production and membrane lipid peroxidation, and maintained higher fruit firmness and DPPH radical scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a combination of HA treatment and NP may be a useful technique to reduce fruit decay and maintain quality in Chinese bayberries during postharvest storage and retail conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma-Activated Water on Fruit Decay and Quality in Postharvest Chinese Bayberries

Recently, non-thermal plasma-activated water (PAW) became a relatively new concept developed in the food industry. The effects of PAW on fruit decay, microbial loads, and quality of postharvest Chinese bayberry were investigated. Chinese bayberries were treated by PAW for 0.5, 2, or 5 min and then stored at 3 °C for 8 days. Experimental results show that all PAW treatments could reduce fruit decay by around 50 % compared to control at the end of storage. There was no dose-effect relationship between PAW treatment time and fruit decay. Meanwhile, a 0.5-min PAW treatment could remarkably decrease microbial population on Chinese bayberries during storage, and the maximum reductions reached around 1.1 log CFU/g both for bacteria and fungi at the end day of storage. Scanning electron microscopy results reveal that PAW could significantly change the morphology of microbial cells on Chinese bayberries. Moreover, physicochemical properties analysis of PAW demonstrates that the microbial inactivation of PAW is mainly attributed to the combined action of high oxidation reduction potential and low pH. Additionally, PAW-treated fruits exhibited markedly higher firmness, color index of red grapes, and total soluble solids than the control did at the eighth day. These results indicate that PAW might be a promising strategy to control fruit decay and maintain quality of Chinese bayberry during postharvest storage.     

The Effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Quality and Cell Wall Hydrolases Activities of Fresh-Cut Muskmelon (Cucumis melo var reticulatus L.) During Storage

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on quality and cell wall hydrolases activities changes in fresh-cut muskmelon fruit stored at 4?±?1 °C for 7 days were investigated. The results showed that ethylene production of the fresh-cut fruit remained constant during refrigerated storage. 1-MCP treatments delayed the loss of fresh weight and the increase in electrolyte leakage and maintained the firmness of the fresh-cut fruit. The best results are showed in the fresh-cut fruit treated with 1.0 μL L^?1 1-MCP. The use of 1-MCP had no influence on the total soluble solids (TSS) content and pH of the fresh-cut fruit which they remained constant over storage. The titratable acidity (TA) of the fresh-cut fruit decreased during storage and the sample treated with 1.0 μL L^?1 1-MCP showed the lowest data. TSS/TA ratio increased during storage and the TSS/TA ratio was lower in 1-MCP-treated samples than that for the control one. The use of 1-MCP inhibited polygalacturonase (PG), β-galactosidase (β-Gal) and β-galactanase activities, whereas the increases in these enzymes activities were found in the control. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolics content of both 1-MCP-treated and untreated samples remained constant over storage. The reduction of total ascorbic acid content was detected after 7 days of storage. The ascorbic acid content in 1-MCP-treated sample was slightly higher, although not significantly different, than that of the control after 7 days. These results suggest that the loss of firmness was the key factor affecting quality of fresh-cut muskmelon fruit and the use of 1-MCP maintained the quality and inhibited the loss of firmness by retarding the increase in electrolyte leakage and inhibiting cell wall hydrolases activities.     

Biocontrol of Postharvest Anthracnose of Mango Fruit with Debaryomyces Nepalensis and Effects on Storage Quality and Postharvest Physiology

Anthracnose is presently recognized as one of the most important postharvest disease of mango worldwide. To control the disease, chemical fungicides for a long time was widely used among fruit farmers, but recently found that pathogen had developed increasingly resistance to it. With people's growing desire of healthy and green food, finding new and environmentally friendly biological control approach was very necessary. In this paper, we provided a kind of new antagonistic yeast which enriched the strain resources and the efficacy of Debaryomyces nepalensis against postharvest anthracnose of mango fruit and the influence on quality parameters were investigated. The results showed that the decay incidence and lesion diameter of postharvest anthracnose of mango treated by D. nepalensis were significantly reduced compared with the control fruit stored at 25 °C for 30 d or at 15 °C for 40 d, and the higher concentration of D. nepalensis was, the better the efficacy of the biocontrol was. Study also found that 1 h was the best treatment duration and antagonistic yeast inoculated earlier had good biocontrol effect on anthracnose. Meanwhile, treatment by D. nepalensis could significantly reduce postharvest anthracnose of mango, delay the decrease in firmness, TSS, TA, and ascorbic acid value, and do not impair surface color during postharvest storage. Moreover, the increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) content and increase in cell membrane permeability of fruit treated by D. nepalensis was highly inhibited. The results suggested D. nepalensis treatment could not only maintain storage quality of mango fruit, but also decrease the decay incidence to anthracnose disease. All these results indicated that D. nepalensis has great potential for development of commercial formulations to control postharvest pathogens of mango fruit.     

UV-C处理对杨梅采后品质及苯丙烷类代谢的影响

以“东魁”杨梅果实为材料,研究不同剂量的短波紫外线（UV-C）照射处理对杨梅果实采后品质、抗氧化活性、苯丙烷类代谢产物含量和相关酶活性的影响。杨梅果实先用0、1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0 kJ/m2剂量的UV-C照射处理,然后转入5 ℃贮藏12 d。结果表明,3.0 kJ/m2 UV-C处理显著地抑制了杨梅果实贮藏期间腐烂的发生,延缓了果实硬度和VC含量的下降,保持了果实品质;UV-C处理还显著提高了果实中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶、查尔酮异构酶和肉桂醛羟化酶等苯丙烷类代谢相关酶的活性,增加了总酚、花色苷、胡萝卜素和类黄酮的积累,保持了果实较高的抗氧化活性。     

Extending shelf-life of persimmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Diospyros kaki</Emphasis> L.) fruit by hot air treatment

‘Qiandaowuhe’ persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L.) were stored at 20 °C after exposed to 20 °C (control), 44 °C (T ₄₄), 48 °C (T ₄₈) or 52 °C (T ₅₂) hot air for 3 h, respectively. Firmness, weight loss, peel color, total carotenoids content, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), respiration, and ethylene production and cell wall hydrolysis enzymes activities were monitored to determine the efficacy of hot air treatment in delaying persimmon fruit ripening. Results showed that ‘Qiandaowuhe’ persimmon fruit displayed a typical climacteric pattern of respiration and ethylene production. Peak of CO₂ and ethylene production was observed after 4 days. Fruit softening was accompanied by a progressive increase in weight loss, total carotenoids content and decrease in h°. The activities of pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) sharply increased and reached maximal values after 4 and 6 days, respectively. Hot air treatment significantly delayed the onset of climacteric ethylene production, respiration, PME and PG activities in persimmon fruit. Moreover, it also significantly retarded the increase in carotenoids content and SSC, while decreased the firmness, h°, and TA. The hot air treatment promoted fruit weight loss. The shelf-life of persimmon ripening increased 4 days by T ₄₄, and 6 days by T ₄₈ or T ₅₂. Results suggest that hot air treatments can greatly extend the postharvest life of ‘Qiandaowuhe’ persimmon fruit.     

采收成熟度对台农芒果贮藏品质的影响

研究了60%和80%2种采收成熟度对不同后熟条件下(自然成熟、促进成熟和抑制成熟)台农芒果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与对照(自然成熟)相比,使用乙烯利处理台农芒果果实,加速了2种成熟度果实的成熟进程,而使用热处理结合乙烯吸收剂处理则具有明显的延缓病害发生和果实软化,抑制可溶性糖积累、有机酸和Vc降解的作用。在同一种后熟条件下(自然成熟、促进成熟和抑制成熟的任何一种),60%成熟度的果实其品质变化慢于80%成熟度的果实,但其风味品质却差于80%成熟度的果实。     

1-甲基环丙烯和二氧化氯复合处理对冬枣采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

为探讨冬枣绿色保鲜新技术,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)与二氧化氯(chlorine dioxide,ClO2)单独及复合处理[3μL/L 1-MCP与100μL/L ClO2熏蒸、4℃条件下贮藏]对冬枣采后生理和贮藏特性的影响,贮藏过程中每10 d测定转色、腐烂、硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物(total soluble solids,TSS)、可滴定酸(titratable acid,TA)、维生素C(vitamin C,VC)、总酚、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率的情况。研究结果表明:1-MCP或ClO2单独处理都能有效延缓果实转色,减少果实腐烂,保持果实较高的含水量、硬度、TSS含量、TA含量、VC含量、总酚含量、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率,提高采后冬枣果实的贮藏品质。与单独1-MCP及ClO2处理相比,1-MCP复合ClO2处理的保鲜效果更佳,可作为采后冬枣保鲜的有效手段。