9F级联合循环余热锅炉的设计特点及制造监检

本文针对400MW联合循环机组余热锅炉，从余热锅炉特有的设计特点角度着手，介绍9F级余热锅炉（HRSG）受压部件的制造和监检要求。     

周期性运行降低了机组可靠性

和人不同，燃机余热锅炉（HRSG）不需要睡觉，也宁愿不睡觉。如果让HRSG每天启停，实行周期性运行方式，则容易引起其部件的损坏。为了使机组稳定运行和保证锅炉的可靠性，电厂运行人员必须研究如何改善HRSG的运行，学习一些有价值的运行经验。     

9F级余热锅炉非受压件设计探讨

从余热锅炉的热力特性和变工况特性出发,对余热锅炉的主要非受压部件进行了介绍.阐述了非受压部件中模块、墙板、连接墙板、各类挡板和膨胀节等的功能及设计理念,介绍了这些部件的结构特点及相互的联系.     

燃气轮机余热锅炉噪声综合治理

介绍了燃气轮机余热锅炉HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator)噪声源的产生机理和噪声特性,提出了HRSG噪声的计算原理.结合实际工程项目,针对不同的噪声设计要求,按锅炉本体,烟囱,给水泵,排气管,炉顶平台和其他设备等不同区域,对燃机余热锅炉噪声进行综合治理,并提出了具体设计结构.大量工程...     

调峰运行大型余热锅炉设计要点

联合循环机组容量的提高,促进余热锅炉的设计大型化.调峰运行要求对余热锅炉适应机组快速启、停和负荷变化要求提出了挑战.针对调峰余热锅炉常会发生的问题,重点阐述余热锅炉关键受压部件产生的疲劳机理,提出相应的设计措施;介绍上海锅炉厂有限公司余热锅炉设计采用的独特Harp型结构和强化的疏水等措施,能有效地防止余热锅炉的低周疲劳,适应大型联合循环调峰运行的要求.     

联合循环电站中HRSG的选择：卧式还是立式？

从各个方面分析了卧式HRSG与立式HRSG的差异与联系，供联合循环电站的业主选择余热锅炉(HRSG)时参考。     

提高省煤器设计的可靠性

在周期性运行国，省煤器的可靠性与余热锅炉（HRSG）的其它部件同样重要。一台省煤器不能适应热膨胀一尤其是在启动时一可以引起腐蚀疲劳，这是导致管子失效的一个原因。由此而知，在HRSG的周期性运行中，为何有些省煤器设计模式优于其他类型的原因。     

周期性运行的HRSG设计与改进

现有的燃气-蒸汽联合循环余热锅炉(HRSG)在工作中遇到了一个问题，大多数机组设计时为带基本负荷，而现在需要带周期性负荷。本文讨论周期性运行HRSG的损坏机理，探索周期性负荷下提高可靠性和延长机组使用寿命的HRSG设计特点、运行经验以及各项改进措施。     

余热锅炉的新技术

据《Turbomachinery Intemational》2007年11～12月号报道,HRSG（余热锅炉）是当代联合循环装置的关键部件。从它们推出起,余热锅炉的设计始终在不断发展,以便适应联合循环不断变化的运行条件。     

简化的余热锅炉设计方法

“Power Engineering”1991年5月号报道了一种简化的余热锅炉设计方法,该方法能预先模拟余热锅炉在设计工况和非设计工况下的性能,从而能帮助设计者优化整个动力装置的效率并有助于选择主要的辅助设备。通常,对余热锅炉(HRSG)设计和非设计性能的模拟是一件很费事的工作,因为它包含几个变量。但是,利用本文提出的方法,设计者实际上不用进行机械设计就可以得到有关     

A general method for the optimum design of heat recovery steam generators

The optimization of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of the key elements for increasing the efficiency of combined plants. According to the current technical practice, it can be organized at different levels of complexity with objectives sequentially defined: operating parameters, geometrical details and technological elements.

According to this point of view, in the paper a complete strategy for the optimum design of the HRSG is outlined. The optimization is organized at two levels: the first one enables to obtain the main operating parameters of the HRSG, while the second involves the detailed design of the component concerning the geometric variables of the heat transfer sections. The output of the first-level optimization is the input of the second level. In particular, the second level of the optimization can be articulated in two different steps. The first step can be aimed to the minimization of the pressure drop for a given heat flow. The second step leads to a reduction of the overall dimensions, maintaining the imposed performance of the HRSG in terms of heat flow and pressure drop. The whole procedure is tested with reference to a case of existing HRSG structures; it shows the possibility of improving performance maintaining a constrained packaged size.     

Applying different optimization approaches to achieve optimal configuration of a dual pressure heat recovery steam generator

The optimal design for heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) should be chosen based on technical and economic considerations. Therefore, parameters that are related to thermodynamic and economic aspects should be considered in optimization approaches. It is worth mentioning that one of the significant issues in the HRSG design is the diversity of arrangements between various components (economizer, evaporator, and superheater), which absolutely affect the HRSG performance. According to these facts, in the present article, different arrangements of a dual pressure HRSG are analyzed, and the economizer at the high‐pressure level is divided into two parts; these arrangements are optimized by applying different optimization approaches to achieve the optimal configuration. These approaches include the reduction of gas pressure drop, the reduction of generated steam cost and the consideration of both approaches as the third approach. These three approaches are also considered to perform economic and thermodynamic optimization. With regard to the limitations of optimization such as the pinch and approach point, seven different configurations are considered. First, a comprehensive model is developed for calculating thermodynamic, heat transfer, and pressure loss. To perform a thorough optimization, both thermodynamic and geometric variables as well as diversity of various arrangements is considered using genetic algorithm. The results of the optimization study show that the best arrangement is not unique, and each arrangement has different characteristics. Hence, the best arrangement for the HRSG is chosen according to the importance of the objective functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃机扩建端性能试验中测量参数对试验结果修正的影响

以某电厂燃机扩建端部分为研究对象,分别在燃油和燃气工况下进行现场试验,得到了不同测量参数计算工况值,并对不同计算工况进行了余热锅炉热平衡计算以及结果修正计算,研究测量参数对试验结果影响。结果表明:两种燃料工况下,随着环境条件、燃料流量和余热锅炉烟气温度的升高,功率基本是逐渐降低的,而压降逐渐升高;测量参数中余热锅炉烟气温度是影响功率的主要因素,余热锅炉进出口烟温和燃料流量是影响压降的主要因素,而环境条件则为影响试验结果的次要因素。     

余热锅炉初步热控设计研究

介绍了哈锅从ALSTOM公司引进技术设计的余热锅炉的基本情况,并参照NFPA85C(2001版)规程,对余热锅炉热工控制的设计和操作过程中的要点和注意事项做出了简要阐述。     

Optimal thermodynamic and economic volume of a heat recovery steam generator by constructal design

The ratios of gas flow to steam flow are huge in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) compared to other steam generators. So the volume which is occupied by components of the HRSG such as economizer, evaporator and superheater is important factor when the HRSG is applied in structures including buildings and ships. The optimum volume of a HRSG is deduced through optimization of entropy generation and cost evaluation. By increasing volume, second law of thermodynamics is improved, but this improvement may not be economical. In this work, the best dimensions and arrangements of flows in HRSG are obtained by constructal design and the optimization method is algorithm genetic. In this case, super heater temperature, pinch point, water/steam flow rate and gas pressure drop are derived from configuration which designed by constructal theory for HRSG. The effects of gas flow rate and inlet gas temperature are examined on the values of optimum volume.     

Thermoeconomic optimization of heat recovery steam generators operating parameters for combined plants

The optimization of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is particularly interesting for the combined plants design in order to maximise the work obtained in the vapour cycle. A detailed optimization of the HRSG is a very difficult problem, depending on several variables. The first step is represented by the optimization of the operating parameters. These are the number of pressure levels, the pressures, the mass flow ratio, and the inlet temperatures to the HRSG sections. The operating parameters can be determined by means both of a thermodynamic and of a thermoeconomic analysis, minimising a suitable objective function by analytical or numerical mathematical methods. In the paper, thermodynamic optimization is based on the minimization of exergy losses, while the thermoeconomic optimization is based on the minimization of the total HRSG cost, after the reduction to a common monetary base of the costs of exergy losses and of installation.     

基于传热性能变化的余热锅炉故障诊断及应用

以某电厂PG9171E燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组余热锅炉系统为研究对象,根据机组的热平衡图数据以及余热锅炉受热面的传热机理建立变工况模型,定义受热面的性能退化系数,建立故障诊断模型。利用建立的计算模型与故障数据计算出的结果,对机组低压汽水系统的异常现象进行分析诊断,可以明确看出低压蒸发系统出现异常。现场停机检查结果发现问题为低压汽包内部件脱落,导致汽水分离效果差,与理论分析结果一致,验证了计算模型的正确性。     

Transient thermal modelling of heat recovery steam generators in combined cycle power plants

Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is a major component of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP). This equipment is particularly subject to severe thermal stress especially during cold start‐up period. Hence, it is important to predict the operational parameters of HRSGs such as temperature of steam, water, hot gas and tube metal of heating elements as well as pressure change in drums during transient and steady‐state operation. These parameters may be used for estimating thermal and mechanical stresses which are important in HRSG design and operation. In this paper, the results of a developed thermal model for predicting the working conditions of HRSG elements during transient and steady‐state operations are reported. The model is capable of analysing arbitrary number of pressure levels and any number of elements such as superheater, evaporator, economizer, deaerator, desuperheater, reheater, as well as duct burners. To assess the correct performance of the developed model two kinds of data verification were performed. In the first kind of data verification, the program output was compared with the measured data collected from a cold start‐up of an HRSG at Tehran CCPP. The variations of gas, water/steam and metal temperatures at various sections of HRSG, and pressure in drums were among the studied parameters. Mean differences of about 3.8% for temperature and about 9.2% for pressure were observed in this data comparison. In the second kind of data verification, the steady‐state numerical output of the model was checked with the output of the well‐known commercial software. An average difference of about 1.5% was found between the two latter groups of data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.