Study of the increase in manganese (II) in the water of an aquifer caused by hydrocarbon contamination

A chemical investigation was conducted to understand the cause of high manganese content in a groundwater environment. Chemical analysis of underground water, analysis of the soil surrounding the aquifer and an accurate assessment of the chemical and physical ecosystem have made possible not only an understanding of the cause of the metal contamination of the aquifer through the identification of the source, but also have shown the reason why manganese may, in certain cases, reach high concentrations in contaminated water due to the presence of hydrocarbons. The investigative approach comprised acquisition of analytical data and its rationalization. The study showed a correlation between the quantity of organic matter expressed in terms of hydrocarbon concentration and persistence of the metal in solution. This result was relevant to determine the limit of hydrocarbon content beyond which the accumulation of manganese becomes substantial.     

The investigation of the impact of the modification methods of natural dolomite on water demanganesation

We have investigated the mineral dolomite with the aim of obtaining a granular filtering medium for water treatment of soluble manganese compounds. It has been found that thermally activated dolomite sequentially treated with solutions of salts of two-valence manganese and potassium permanganate under conditions of experiment possesses demanganesation properties.     

城市污水管道地下水渗入量研究

通过对广州市有代表性的污水管道地下水渗入量实际测定和研究分析,确定广州市污水系统新建钢筋混凝土污水管道地下水渗入量的加权平均值为210m3/(km·d)。对地下老管道地下水渗入量取新管道的1.5倍。分析影响污水管道地下水渗入量的因素,有管材质量和管段长度、管道接口材料和接口施工技术、地下水位、外界条件等。针对影响因素,提出降低地下水渗入量的工程措施,可为污水治理提供依据。     

The concept of choosing a list of indices and their regulatory values for determination of hygienic requirements and control over the drinking water quality in Ukraine

The paper presents new conceptual approaches to establishing indices for the quality of physiologically wholesome drinking water for the population based on the analysis of the composition of surface and underground sources of water supply in Ukraine. We have proposed ecological regulations for the quality of Ukraine’s surface waters as a basis for the choice of quality values of these indices. These regulations provide effectively for the absence of anthropogenic contamination of natural sources of water supply. We have also considered present-day approaches to regulating maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) of drinking water impurities during its conditioning at the stations of centralized water supply. We have provided qualitative MAC values of water impurities, which may be recommended taking into account technological and economic possibilities.     

临海超深地下连续墙施工质量控制措施

某工程地下连续墙设计为深基坑围护墙和建筑物承重墙两墙合一,该场地毗邻海岸,海水与场地地下水有联系,对地下连续墙防渗性能要求较高。本文针对该工程地质差、地下水位高、地形复杂、地下障碍物多的特点,对地下连续墙施工的难点、质量控制措施及采取的对策进行了论述。     

两级过滤去除地下水中铁锰的试验研究

通过锰砂和硅碳素两级过滤的方式,研究了含锰、含铁及高铁低锰三种水质条件下铁锰的去除效果,进一步探讨了不同水质中铁锰的去除方法。结果表明,对于单独含锰的水质,可仅采用二级硅碳素滤柱去除;对于单独含铁的水质,可仅采用一级锰砂滤柱去除;对于高铁低锰的水质,可通过两级过滤同时去除铁锰。锰砂和硅碳素两级过滤处理含铁锰地下水是可行的,根据不同的水质,可以采用不同的处理方法。     

Ultrafiltration purification of underground water during its various preconditioning

We have carried out a comparative verification of functional characteristics of polysulfone membranes with the rated molecular-mass maximum 50 kamu in ultrafiltration treatment of underground water containing iron with various preconditioning. It has been shown that in studied conditions the treatment process proceeds against the background of reducing the membrane capacity due to the formation of a deposit of iron hydroxide in the pores and on the surface. It has been established that intensity of decreasing the capacity of membranes and the degree of recovering their initial capacity depend on water preconditioning, which acts as a factor determining these processes. Based on the research results we proposed hypotheses of the mechanisms of sedimentation for studied conditions of ultrafiltration treatment of underground water containing iron.     

关于地下水资源评价问题的若干思考

介绍了地下水资源的概念,结合地下水资源的评价内容,分析了地下水资源评价与地下水资源管理的关系,对地下水资源评价与地下水资源管理分离的后果进行了论述,指出地下水资源评价是地下水资源管理的条件,而地下水资源评价中又融合着地下水资源管理的成分。     

Sanierung der Drainage- und Kontrollbohrungen im Untergrund der Sorpetalsperre

Remediation of the underground drainage and control system of the Sorpe dam To ensure the structural stability of the Sorpe dam, the Ruhrverband is remediating the no longer fully functional underground drainage and control system. Built between 1926 and 1935, the 69 m high rockfill dam with a concrete core seal was damaged during the Second World War, which led to increased seepage water in the inspection gallery. In the 1950s the original drainage system was therefore grouted and a new system created. In the 2010s it was discovered that the boreholes in the bedrock were no longer at their original depth due to sediments containing iron and manganese. In the current remediation the existing drainage and monitoring boreholes are either being widened by drilling or filled with cement suspension and replaced with new borehole profiles. All boreholes will then be converted into measuring points for monitoring the water level, seepage water and pressure. The drilling work poses a particular challenge due to the limited space within the dam structure. In July 2022 the remediation work was temporarily halted due to the occurrence of chemical injection agents containing PAHs. The work is expected to continue in the first quarter of 2024 using strict separation of clean and contaminated areas with artificial ventilation as well as a flocculation and activated carbon filter system for the drilling fluid.     

铁锰超标对天然河床潜流水水质影响及处理

研究了铁锰离子超标对天然河床潜流水水质的影响及相应的处理技术，分析了潜流水中铁锰的危害及迁移富集规律，通过对除铁锰技术进行比选，得出接触氧化法是去除潜流水中铁锰的最佳方法，并对其工艺流程作了具体介绍，以期指导实践。     

Substantiation of proposals on standardization of the manganese content in water supplied for electrodyalysis treatment

The results of systematic investigations of the electrodialysis process of manganese-containing solutions and the impact of manganese compounds on electrochemical characteristics of ion-exchange membranes have been analyzed. New approaches to the standardization of the manganese content in the water supplied for electrodialysis desalination were proposed on the basis of the conducted analysis.     

预投加高锰酸钾工艺用于工业用水除锰

上海石化水厂低硅水车间常规处理工艺对锰的去除有限，在一定程度上影响了工业企业生产装置的运行。对预投加高锰酸钾工艺除锰进行了生产性应用，结果表明，根据原水中的锰含量投加适量高锰酸钾对锰有很好的去除效果，可使出厂水的锰含量〈0．1mg／L。     

Obtaining and properties of clinoptilolite modified by manganese dioxide

We have found optimal conditions for obtaining an effective sorbent—catalyst based on natural clinoptololite with chemosorbed manganese dioxide for removing Mn²⁺ ions from water. Using a complex of sorption-analytical, structure-sorption, electron-microscopic methods we have studied the properties of the modifying δ-MnO₂-film. The mechanism of its sorption-catalytic effect on Mn²⁺ has been discussed.     

陕西地下水水质污染与修复管理

对地下水分类、化学特性、污染途径、污染物类型作了简要介绍,通过对地下水污染的调查,对其进行了监测,并详细阐述了地下水的一系列修复方法,从而及时有效地做好地下水修复工作。     

Design and operation problems related to water curtain system for underground water-sealed oil storage caverns

The underground water-sealed storage technique is critically important and generally accepted for the national energy strategy in China.Although several small underground water-sealed oil storage caverns have been built in China since the 1970 s,there is still a lack of experience for large-volume underground storage in complicated geological conditions.The current design concept of water curtain system and the technical instruction for system operation have limitations in maintaining the stability of surrounding rock mass during the construction of the main storage caverns,as well as the long-term stability.Although several large-scale underground oil storage projects are under construction at present in China,the design concepts and construction methods,especially for the water curtain system,are mainly based on the ideal porosity medium flow theory and the experiences gained from the similar projects overseas.The storage projects currently constructed in China have the specific features such as huge scale,large depth,multiple-level arrangement,high seepage pressure,complicated geological conditions,and high in situ stresses,which are the challenging issues for the stability of the storage caverns.Based on years' experiences obtained from the first large-scale(millions of cubic meters) underground water-sealed oil storage project in China,some design and operation problems related to water curtain system during project construction are discussed.The drawbacks and merits of the water curtain system are also presented.As an example,the conventional concept of "filling joints with water" is widely used in many cases,as a basic concept for the design of the water curtain system,but it is immature.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of the conventional concept are pointed out,with respect to the long-term stability as well as the safety of construction of storage caverns.Finally,new concepts and principles for design and construction of the underground water-sealed oil storage caverns are proposed.     

块体理论在低地应力区地下洞室围岩稳定性评价中的应用

以西北某市水利工程地下洞室泄洪洞为例 ,采用块体理论推导出了低地应力区地下洞室顶部和侧壁两位置处楔形体块体稳定性判别式。通过实例分析与计算 ,说明本文得到的围岩稳定性判别式正确且实用 ,这对进一步研究低地应力区地下洞室围岩稳定性具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。     

Micro-organisms and manganese cycling in a seasonally stratified freshwater dam

This work describes investigations into the role that biotic and abiotic mechanisms play in the manganese redox cycle in a freshwater dam over a twelve month period. Enzymatic control of manganese oxidation was taking place with a temperature optimum of approx. 30°C. Manganese oxidation was only significant above about 19°C. The temperature and season play vital roles in determining the extent to which abiotic and microbial mechanisms contribute to manganese oxidation. Results showed that microbial catalysis is overwhelmingly responsible for manganese oxidation in the lower epilimnion from November to May. Significant abiotic catalysis (up to 25%) can occur in late summer/autumn when the water temperature is greatest. Mn(II) oxidation, pseudo-first order rate constants to 1.12 × 10²² M⁻⁴ · d⁻¹ were measured while poisoned sample experiments confirmed the role of biological mediation. In winter, biological control could not occur because of the lower temperature of the water column. The measurement of “x” in MnO_x showed that higher manganese oxidation states were expected when the manganese oxidation rate was at a maximum and therefore when microbial activity was greatest. Direct microbial reduction of MnO_x in the water column was of much less significance. However, indirect reduction may have taken place through the reaction of MnO_x with sulfide. The results of this work have important implications for the design and operation of artificial destratification units for the control of manganese speciation.     

沈阳地下水温特征及对水源热泵工程应用分析

通过对沈阳城区50个地下水温监测井在不同时段地下水温的监测和13个水源热泵工程抽水井和回灌井不同埋深的水温监测,掌握了该区域地下水温空间分布规律,通过地下水温度分布特征分析对地下水源热泵工程设计以及指导水源热泵工程规划和建设具有重要作用。     

太原地区水文地质概述

通过对太原地区水文地质的勘察研究,了解了西山、北山、东山以及盆地区的水流形式和水动力特征,并分析了含水层介质与地下水富水特征,论述了地下水系统水化学和水温的特点,为合理规划地下水资源提供了参考资料。     

Underground water resources in Kazakhstan

The assessment of natural resources and the ecological demand for underground water in Kazakhstan is based on a water-balance equation which considers underground lateral flow, hydrogeoecological regions and river basins. We propose a methodology to estimate the underground water resource for this region. The flow of water in all the rivers of Kazakhstan is estimated at 102.3 km³/year, of which 57.6 km³/year originates in the territory of the country, and 44.7 km³/year in the adjacent countries. With potential increase of the underground water usage up to 15.5 km³/year, the surface water volume could be decreased to 5 km³/year. Optimization of water resource use should be based on the introduction of the water-efficient process of reinjecting and recycling the water supply in all branches of industry, and a reduction in losses during distribution.