强化维生素A食品对儿童血清VA变化的观察

对天津市４－６岁儿童６４名，随机分两组，实验组每日食用强化ＶＡ６００ＩＵ的加餐食品，对照组食用未强化的同样食品共计７０天，实验前后血清ＶＡ含量及缺乏体征，显示实验组血清ＶＡ含量上升，缺乏体征减少，与比较有显著差异，表明 给儿童经常食用强化ＶＡ加餐食品是必要而安全的。     

浅谈维生素A强化食用油

叙述了食用油的营养强化剂、营养强化食用油与普通食用油的区别及其相关标准和推广应用前景.     

国内外油脂强化维生素现状及发展趋势

概述了国外油脂强化维生素的立法及研究进展，展望了我国油脂强化维生素A的发展前景，提出油脂强化维生素A应解决和注意的问题。     

维生素A强化食用油的稳定性研究

在正常储存条件下储存维生素A强化食用油,检测其品质变化情况,发现用不透明容器包装的食用油,其维生素A含量均可达到18个月的保质期要求,在储存24个月后,其维生素A含量是相同条件下透明包装和半透明包装样品的2.1～2.8倍;而应用透明包装和半透明包装的维生素A强化油则不能有效地保证在保质期内维生素A含量的要求.     

维生素A强化食用油

由于我国维生素A缺乏依然比较严重,了改善这一状况,国家采用在食用油中强化维生素A方式来增加我国居民维生素A的摄入量。 首先来认识一下维生素A。维生     

强化健康果对儿童生长发育及维生素营养状况的影响

从某幼儿园随机抽取89名4—5岁健康儿童分成三组,对比观察强化健康果食用效果。对照组,每人每日食用25克由精制马铃薯粉,低聚糖、蔗糖、大米蛋白等制成的保乐果。钙VB_2组,在保乐果基础上加元素钙1755mg、VB_20.45mg。VB_1B_2组,在保乐果基础上加维生素B_10.35mg, 维生素B_20.45mg(实测值)观察两个月。结果表明:实验后、钙V_(B2)组身高、体重增长值显著高于对照组。V_(B1 B2)组体重增长值显著高于对照组。尿负荷实验,钙V_(B2)组实验后,尿中核黄素排出量比实验前显著增加。V_(B1B2)组尿中硫胺素排出量也显著增加。提示强化健康果对儿童生长发育,改善维生素营养情况有良好效果。     

强化食用油中维生素A的检测

本文提出一种利用三氯乙酸氯仿溶液与维生素A反应的分光乐度法，检测强化食用油中维生素A。反应产物在620nm有最大吸收，在0.15-3.35μg/ml范围内吸光度与浓度呈线性关系。回收率在93.3%以上，RSD小于3.5%。样品中低于1.0mg/ml的维生素D2和0.8mg/ml的β-胡萝卜素不干扰测定，测定强化食用油中的维生素A的结果与国标得到的结果基本一致。     

安徽省部分城乡居民血清维生素A水平及相关因素分析

了解安徽省部分城乡地区6周岁以上居民维生素A营养状况及其相关因素分析。通过多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法抽取安徽省合肥市某区和安庆市某农村年龄在6周岁以上居民468名,于2010年8月至2010年10月进行问卷调查,并采集清晨空腹静脉血分离血清,用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定血清视黄醇浓度水平,同时测定部分生理生化指标。研究对象血清维生素A缺乏及边缘性缺乏率为15.6%(血清视黄醇0.3μg/mL),维生素A正常率为84.4%(血清视黄醇0.3μg/mL)。调查对象的维生素A水平在地区、性别、年龄、受教育程度、人均年收入、BMI、DBP、SDP、TC和TG分布上存在差异(P0.05)。单因素线性回归分析发现血清视黄醇浓度水平与地区、年龄、受教育程度、BMI、DBP、SBP、TC、TG和Hb呈正相关。多元线性回归分析发现血清视黄醇浓度水平与地区、年龄、TC和TG呈正相关。安徽省部分城乡地区6周岁以上居民存在一定比例的维生素A缺乏状况,并可能受地区、年龄、性别、TC和TG等因素影响。     

维生素的需要及其食品强化

维生素的需要及其食品强化ＰａｕｌＷａｌｔｅｒ本文论述了食品中是否应该添加维生素的问题．尤其是强调了不平衡膳食的问题及抗氧化维生素对心血管疾病和癌症的可能预防。介绍了瑞士和欧洲强化维生素的量，及其分析和规定的一些情况。１食物能否提供给我们足够的维生素在...     

To substantiation of vitamin and mineral level in fortified food products

This review outlines the scientific rationale and commentary for the introduction of sanitary rules and norms governing the enrichment of foods of mass consumption with vitamins and minerals, which were harmonized with EU documents and Codex Alimentarius.     

强化食用油中维生素A的检测

本文提出一种利用三氯乙酸氯仿溶液与维生素A反应的分光光度法 ,检测强化食用油中维生素A。反应产物在62 0nm有最大吸收 ,在 0 .15～ 3 .3 5μg/ml范围内吸光度与浓度呈线性关系。回收率在 90 .3 %以上 ,RSD小于 3 .5 %。样品中低于1.0mg/ml的维生素D2 和 0 .8mg/ml的β-胡萝卜素不干扰测定。测定强化食用油中的维生素A的结果与国标得到的结果基本一致     

富钙功能性果汁饮料的开发研究

探讨了开发富钙功能性果汁饮料的可行性和必要性,对钙强化果汁的配方原则和生产工艺流程等技术问题进行了论述,介绍了一种富钙梨汁的产品配方等。     

Effects of vitamin A supplementation and weaning age on serum and liver retinol concentrations, carcass traits, and lipid composition in market beef cattle

Angus crossbred steers (n = 48) were either early-weaned (EW) at 137 days or weaned at a traditional age (TW) of 199 days to determine effects of weaning age and dietary vitamin A on serum and liver retinol, carcass traits, and lipid composition. Steers from both weaning ages were allotted to receive either 42,180 IU vitamin A/day (HA) or no supplemental vitamin A (NA). Early-weaned and TW steers consumed vitamin A treatments for 235 and 175 days, respectively. Serum and liver retinol of HA steers were dramatically higher (P < 0.01) than those of NA steers at the end of finishing. Steers were harvested in two groups 35 days apart at an average ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness of 1.0 cm. Live and HCW were similar (P > 0.10) between NA and HA steers, but HA steers had numerically greater (P  0.10) fat thickness (1.05 vs. 0.87 cm). Marbling score and %IMF fat were numerically (P > 0.10) higher for EWNA than EWHA steers. Ratio of marbling score/12th rib fat thickness was greater (P = 0.08), and ratios of either marbling or %IMF per unit of 12th rib fat thickness, days on finishing diet, unit of HCW, and tenth of yield grade consistently favored steers fed NA, particularly EW steers. Proportions of serum fatty acids changed (P < 0.05) during finishing; proportions of individual fatty acids of the longissimus muscle did not change. Restricting vitamin A during finishing has potential to increase carcass marbling and to decrease waste fat, particularly for EW.     

A survey of vitamin A and D contents of fortified fluid milk in Ontario

High performance liquid chromatographic methods for measuring the concentration of vitamins A and D in fluid milk were validated and used to assess the level of these nutrients in Ontario retail milk samples. Thirteen and fifteen fortified milk samples were tested for vitamins A and D, respectively. Repeatability relative standard deviation values for vitamins A and D in milk were generally less than 10%. Recoveries varied from 87 to 107%. Vitamin D results indicated that only 20% of skim, 40% of 2% fat milk, and 20% of whole milk contained the recommended levels, whereas 46% of skim, and 77% of 2% fat milk had the required levels of vitamin A. The results indicate that vitamin level varies widely in Ontario retail milk.     

Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies

Abstract

Vitamin D fortified foods (VDFs) were taken into consideration due to the high prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide. However, the efficacy of VDFs on bone health has not been fully examined. The current meta-analysis was conducted in order to summarize the impacts of VDFs on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers (BTM). A systematic search up to October 2017 was done via PubMed and Scopus search engines. To pool mean differences, random-effects model (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator) was used. Heterogeneity among studies was examined by Cochrane Q test. 20 trials involving 1786 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Based on random effect model, there were significant effects of VDFs on serum 25(OH)D (MD:16.94?nmol/L 95% CI: 13.38, 20.50; p?<?0.001, I²?=?99.0%), BMD (MD: 0.03?gr/cm²; 95% CI: (0.02, 0.05); p?<?0.001, I²?=?58.8%) and paratormone hormone (PTH; MD:?9.22; 95% CI: (?14.97, ?3.46); p?=?0.002, I²?=?98.8%). VDFs may increase serum 25(OH)D and BMD while decrease serum PTH levels. We did not find any beneficial effect of VDFs on BTM.     

Effects of nutritional status on serum fetuin-A level

Abstract

Fetuin-A is a glycoprotein structured molecule which is mostly released by the liver. As a multifunctional protein, fetuin-A has positive effects on health such as calcification, cardiovascular diseases and tumor development processes with various mechanisms, whereas it plays a negative role in the processes of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease. There are a large number of studies reporting that serum fetuin-A levels are affected by several dietary factors. It is reported in some of these studies that several nutrients increase fetuin-A release, while some others have adverse effects. It is put forward that some nutrients such as dairy products, curcumin, niacin, palmitate, coffee and alcohol consumption decrease fetuin-A level, and dietary omega-3 fatty acids intake may increase fetuin-A concentration. In addition, it is indicated that high blood glucose levels increase hepatic fetuin-A release by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 enzymes and increased plasma free fatty acids do the same effect by increasing NF-_KB activity. Despite these studies in the literature, there is not any review evaluating fetuin-A, chronic diseases and nutrition together. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between serum fetuin levels and some diseases and the effects of nutrients on fetuin A levels were investigated with possible mechanisms.     

Automated determination of vitamin C in some fortified foodstuffs

An automated method for the determination of ascorbic acid has been applied to a variety of vitamin fortified food products. The method is based on the reduction of 2,6-dichloroindophenol by ascorbic acid and shows a detection limit of 0.006 mg/ml with a linear absorbance relationship to 0.200 mg/ml. The method was applied to vitamin fortified cereal products, soya protein snacks and beverage concentrates over a broad range of vitamin levels. The results compared favourably with potentiometric titration for the majority of products studied. It has been shown that the automated procedure is the method of choice for the determination of ascorbic acid in the large number of food products studied.     

Effect of β-carotene on vitamin A light stability in fortified milk

The effect of incorporation of β-carotene into the carrier system on the light stability of all-trans retinyl palmitate in fortified skim milk was investigated. Skim milk was fortified with all-trans retinyl palmitate using corn oil with and without added β-carotene as the vitamin carrier. Two levels of β-carotene were used, one similar to, the other half the concentration of vitamin A in the carrier system. After homogenization and pasteurization, fortified milk samples were exposed to fluorescent light (1614 lx) at 4°C in glass tubes.

Less light degradation of all-trans retinyl palmitate occurred in samples containing added β-carotene in the carrier systems compared to samples without added β-carotene. The β-carotene content of fortified milk samples showed only a slight decrease over the four-day period of exposure.     

运动饮料对体育运动功能的影响

传统的运动饮料通常含有水、能量物质、电解质成分、蛋白质、肽、氨基酸、抗氧化物质等,可调节运动生理和酸碱平衡。随着人类健康意识的提高,越来越多的研究注重开发具有显著抗疲劳、增加运动耐力功效和具有活力的纯天然配方饮料。同时,新产品的功效评价同样将是未来研究的重点。本文主要介绍了运动饮料的定义、针对抗疲劳及增加运动耐力方面的主要功效,幵从原料成分角度对运动饮料的分类和研究现状加以综述,以期为运动饮料的多元化发展提供理论依据。