沙棘油中有效成分和药用成分的研究

利用现代仪器分析法和化学分析方法对沙棘油的主要成分进行了分离和鉴定。通过使用薄层层析、荧光显色和高压液相色谱 (HPLC)等测试手段对分离出的物质进行定性分析 ,结果表明 ,该沙棘油中含有脂肪酸、烃类、萜类、维生素E、甾类、黄酮类等有效组分和药用成分 ;采用紫外分光光度法和化学分析等方法对类胡萝卜素和脂肪酸进行了定量分析 ,测定了类胡萝卜素的含量及籽油中脂肪酸的酸值和皂化值。     

用碱炼棉油油泥提取脂肪酸初探

用碱炼棉油油泥提取脂肪酸初探高之清，梁于生（聊城教育学院山东聊城２５２０００）杜茂喜（聊城师范学院山东聊城２５２０００）棉籽毛油经碱炼处理制取卫生油的过程中，约可得毛油量２０％的油泥，这种油泥含油脂和脂肪酸盐５０—６０％，我们利用山东茬平化工厂的原料...     

超临界萃取沙棘油的研究

以沙棘果渣和沙棘籽为原料,分别进行沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的CO2超临界萃取的工艺研究,实验表明沙棘果油的最佳萃取条件为：温度40℃,压力30MPa,时间2h,CO2流量25kg／h;沙棘籽油适宜萃取条件为：温度45℃,压力30MPa,时间0．5h,CO2流量20kg／h。     

从沙棘中提取黄酮类化合物的研究

概述了国内外对沙棘资源的开发利用研究状况，分析了黄酮类化合物的结构和药用价值，论述了从沙棘中提取黄酮类化合物的可行性工艺流程及其用途。利用沙棘叶和沙棘油废渣提取黄酮类化合物，原料来源充足易得、成本低，同时可以减少“三废”污染。     

多孔阳极氧化铝膜板

一、产品和技术简介： 采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术分离提纯中药、天然植物中的有效成分。主要包括： 1、从沙棘籽中萃取沙棘油。压力IO-20MPa，温度为30-60℃。一级萃取，二级分离。无需后处理，溶剂可以循环使用。原料中含油量为5％-6％，沙棘油收率可以达到95％以上。所获得的产品，色泽纯正，清澈透明。可以最大限度地保留其中的有效成分。     

杂化膜催化酯化与固体碱酯交换集成工艺制备生物柴油

以废鸡油为原料,建立杂化膜催化酯化-固体碱催化酯交换集成工艺制备生物柴油。考察醇油质量比、反应温度等对酯化反应的影响。采用气相色谱分析产物中脂肪酸组成;核磁共振氢谱计算鸡油中甘油三酯酯交换反应的转化率。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度338 K,甲醇与废鸡油质量比为3∶1,鸡油酯化反应转化率为93.5%。气相色谱显示,废鸡油原料中含有的五种脂肪酸都转化成为脂肪酸甲酯,鸡油酯交换反应转化率为98.1%。制备出的生物柴油样品酸值、密度、运动黏度、闪点和硫含量多项指标均满足我国GBT 20828—2015、美国ASTM 6751—06e1和欧洲EN 14214生物柴油标准。     

杂化膜催化酯化与固体碱酯交换集成工艺制备生物柴油

以废鸡油为原料,建立杂化膜催化酯化-固体碱催化酯交换集成工艺制备生物柴油。考察醇油质量比、反应温度等对酯化反应的影响。采用气相色谱分析产物中脂肪酸组成;核磁共振氢谱计算鸡油中甘油三酯酯交换反应的转化率。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:反应温度338 K,甲醇与废鸡油质量比为3∶1,鸡油酯化反应转化率为93.5%。气相色谱显示,废鸡油原料中含有的五种脂肪酸都转化成为脂肪酸甲酯,鸡油酯交换反应转化率为98.1%。制备出的生物柴油样品酸值、密度、运动黏度、闪点和硫含量多项指标均满足我国GBT 20828—2015、美国ASTM 6751—06e1和欧洲EN 14214生物柴油标准。     

氢化棉油脂肪酸蔗糖酯的合成工艺研究

以氢化棉油脂肪酸和蔗糖为原料合成了氢化棉油脂肪酸蔗糖酯 ,最佳合成条件为 n(脂肪酸酯 )∶ n(蔗糖 ) =1∶ 1,亲合剂为反应物质量的 3 0 % ,催化剂用量为反应物质量的 2 .1% ,反应温度为 15 5℃ ,反应时间为 6h     

加纳籽中油脂提取工艺的研究

主要研究了提取过程中提取溶剂、提取温度、提取时间、提取料液比、原料含水量和粒度等因素对加纳籽油提取率的影响。通过单因素实验方法和正交实验方法确定最佳的提取工艺参数,即物料粉碎度为10目、含水量10．7％的加纳籽粉20g,以6^#溶剂油为浸提剂,温度70℃,浸提时间3h,料液比（g：mL）1：12。并进行了验证实验,加纳籽中油的提取率达到19．78％．加纳籽中主要的不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸和亚麻酸,分别占总脂肪酸的40．51％和36．64％。     

尿素包合法富集八月瓜籽中不饱和脂肪酸工艺研究

以八月瓜籽为原料,采用索氏法提取八月瓜籽中的籽油,利用尿素包合法对籽油中不饱和脂肪酸进行富集;以碘值为评价指标,采用单因素实验和星点设计响应面法对富集工艺进行优化;通过GC-MS对脂肪酸的成分进行分析,并确定其含量.结果表明:最佳富集工艺条件为尿素与95％乙醇质量体积比2.5:11、包合温度-24℃、包合时间24 h,...     

越南安息香种子脂肪酸的在线甲基化-GC分析研究

建立了分析越南安息香种子油、果实和果壳的脂肪酸组成的在线甲基化-气相色谱法。将微克级的安息香样品与2μL衍生化试剂三甲基氢氧化硫（0.2 mol/L）加入裂解器,在350℃下瞬间反应,由气相色谱在线检测到8种脂肪酸甲酯成分,主要有棕榈酸（ C16∶0）、硬脂酸（ C18∶0）、油酸（ C18∶1）、亚油酸（ C18∶2）和亚麻酸（ C18∶3）,不饱和脂肪酸含量在84.5%以上,其中亚油酸含量最高,达47.29%。5次平行测定的相对标准偏差（ RSD）小于3.81%。并结合相似性分析法比较了4种不同产地的安息香种仁与6种食用油的脂肪酸组成,相似性结果表明不同产地的安息香种仁的脂肪酸组成相似,其脂肪酸组成与食用植物油相近,与玉米油的组成分布最为接近,相似系数在0.987~0.990,且越南安息香种子中人体必需的多不饱和脂肪酸含量（ C18∶2和C18∶3）与大豆油和葵花籽油相近,高于一般植物油,具有较高的营养价值。结果表明该法简便、快速、准确,适合越南安息香种子油脂的测定。     

杨梅核仁油的理化指标和脂肪酸成分分析

采用索氏提取法提取杨梅核仁油,并测定了杨梅核仁油的常见理化指标,同时采用GC-MS法分析了杨梅核仁油中的脂肪酸成分。结果表明,杨梅核仁油的提取率为67%,杨梅核仁油的折光率为1.471,酸价为0.416mg/g,过氧化值为0.023。GC-MS分析共检测出9种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为85.63%,亚油酸含量为40.36%。     

Characterization of Oil Extracted from Buriti Fruit (Mauritia flexuosa) Grown in the Brazilian Amazon Region

Five samples of buriti oil from industrial and artisanal suppliers were characterized in terms of nutritional quality parameters (nutraceutical levels) and acidity. As a first screening, each sample was analyzed by titration, spectrophotometry and an HPLC method, and the results were compared. As expected, artisanal samples showed lower acidity and higher levels of carotenes and tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols). A blend of industrial and artisanal samples in suitable proportions was completely characterized in terms of analytical and physico-chemical properties, i.e., fatty acid composition, iodine value, partial and total acylglycerol contents, refractive index (40 °C), saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, acidity (expressed as % of oleic acid), peroxide value, phosphorus content, oil stability index, tocol and carotene concentrations. The results of the present study showed that buriti oil is a valuable source of monounsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins A and E. No previous work in the literature has analyzed buriti oil to this extent. The chromatographic method using HPLC was effective in qualifying and quantifying tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenes.     

Up to 21 Different Sulfur-Heterocyclic Fatty Acids in Rapeseed and Mustard Oil

Three sulfur-heterocyclic fatty acids (SHFA) had been tentatively identified in rapeseed oil in the late 1980s. In this study we aimed to enrich and verify the presence of potential SHFA in one sample of native rapeseed oil, refined rapeseed oil and mustard seed oil. Fifty-gram samples of the three oils were individually saponified and converted into methyl esters. The resulting samples were hydrogenated and subjected three times to urea complexation. The resulting extracts of native rapeseed oil and mustard oil contained 21 different SHFA with 18, 20, 22 or 24 carbons. The refined rapeseed oil contained only nine C₁₈-SHFA. Structure investigation of the SHFA was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using methyl esters and also 3-pyridylcarbinol esters. A direct screening of non-enriched samples by GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode and by GC with flame photometric detector (sulfur-selective) verified that the SHFA were native compounds of the oils and no artefacts of the sample preparation. Similar abundances of the four isomer groups of SHFA with monoenoic fatty acids of the same carbon number in these and five further rapeseed and mustard samples indicated that these could be the precursors of the SHFA.     

A study on cashew nut oil composition

Eight samples of cashew nut oil were assayed, and the component triacylglycerols, fatty acids and several unsaponifiable compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total lipid amount, unsaponifiable percentage, fatty acids, sterols, triterpene alcohols and tocopherols are reported here. The combination of GC and HPLC enhanced the resolution of compound classes.     

Stability of pumpkin seed oil

In Austria pumpkins are grown primarily for the production of pumpkin seeds that can be used for eating or the production of salad oil. Pumpkin seed oil is dark green and its fatty acid composition consists typically of linoleic acid and oleic acid as the dominant fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids palmitic and stearic acid occur at lower levels. The samples for this study were taken from a breeding program that intends to increase the seed and oil productivity. 15 samples with different contents of linoleic acid (40—57%) and vitamin E (100—600 μg/g) were selected. The stability of the oil was measured in a Rancimat that oxidizes the oil at 120 �C and measures the induction time that is needed for the oxidation. The correlation analysis showed that only the ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid had a significant influence on the oxidative stability of the oil. Vitamin E did not show any correlation. When α‐tocopherol was added to the oil a strong pro‐oxidative effect was observed.     

尿素包合法分离橡胶籽油中的多价不饱和脂肪酸

用尿素包合法从橡胶籽油混合脂肪酸中分离多价不饱和脂肪酸 ,用正交设计实验法对分离工艺进行研究 ,其最佳分离条件是 :原料配比为m(混合脂肪酸 )∶m(尿素 )∶m(乙醇 ) =1 0 0∶1 5∶1 8,回流时间 12 0min。经一次尿素包合法分离即可得到多价不饱和脂肪酸质量分数大于90 %的产品 ,实验收率大于 35 %     

Chemical characteristics of oils from naked and husk seeds of Cucurbita pepo L.

Pumpkin seed oils from naked and husk pumpkin seeds, produced by an industrial process and by laboratory extraction, were evaluated for fatty acid composition, tocopherol, sterol and squalene content. The major fatty acids in the oils from both varieties were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acid, followed by stearic acid. The ratios of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids for husk and naked seed oils were about 0.60 and 0.75, respectively. Analysis of tocopherols in industrially pressed and laboratory‐extracted oils showed that husk seed oils had higher amounts of total tocopherols than naked seed oils. Oils extracted in the laboratory had higher amounts of tocopherols than industrial oils. Pumpkin seed oil, in general, had a high level of squalene, which was higher in husk seed oils than in naked seed oils and in extracted than in pressed oils. The total amount of sterols was higher in husk than in naked seed oils and in extracted oil samples. The main sterols were Δ7‐sterols and their content was similar in all samples, but the content of Δ5‐sterols was higher in oil samples of husk pumpkin seed and in extracted than in pressed oils.     

Impact of development periods on chemical properties and bioactive components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties

This study aimed to determine the chemical properties (fatty acid composition, oil content, sterol and tocopherol compositions) of the oils extracted from the seeds of safflower (Dinçer, Remzibey, Balci, Linas, Yenice, Olas) varieties harvested in different periods from flowering to ripening period. In parallel with the increase of harvest time, the humidity rate decreased, while the oil ratios increased. It was determined that palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids, which are significant saturated fatty acids, and oleic (18:1) and linoleic (18:2) acids, which are unsaturated fatty acids, are quite high in the oils of all safflower varieties. These fatty acids showed significant changes from the first harvest to the last harvest. The total saturated fatty acid ratios decreased, while the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increased as the maturation progressed. The first and latest harvest samples of Dinçer, Remzibey, Balcı, Linas, Yenice, Olas cultivars were selected and their sterol and tocopherol compositions were examined. The highest level of sterol in all cultivars was β-sitosterol and the amount of sterols decreased towards full maturity. It was determined that α-tocopherol was the dominant tocopherol found in the safflower oils and the amount of tocopherol increased towards full maturity.