基于长流程的GCr15轴承钢转炉冶炼生产实践

采取转炉高拉碳出钢、双渣法冶炼、LF高碱度渣精炼、RH真空脱气、连铸加强保护浇铸及控制钢液过热度等措施,有效控制GCr15轴承钢中的氧、氮、硫、磷、钛等元素及夹杂物含量。试验表明：提高转炉出钢碳质量分数,有利于降低钢中的氧质量分数;随着炉渣碱度的升高,钢液中ω(O)大幅降低;GCr15轴承钢经过RH真空处理,钢液中的ω(TO)从0.002 8%下降到0.000 9%;双渣法冶炼可以提高转炉冶炼前期的脱磷率;LF精炼和连铸过程增氮,RH过程降氮;LF精炼过程是控制ω(Ti)的关键;夹杂物和碳化物都得到有效控制。     

60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢的氧含量控制

通过80t转炉-90tLF～100tRH—OC工艺生产弹簧钢60Si2GrVAT的实践,得出控制转炉出钢温度和终点碳质量分数,尽可能降低转炉终点氧质量分数;LF、RH精炼过程中,严格控制钢液中的全铝质量分数,从而控制钢液中氧质量分数;控制精炼渣碱度R〉4．0、w（FeO＋MnO）在0．5％～1％以下,从而进一步降低氧质量分数。淮钢采用合理的生产工艺,把钢坯全氧质量分数控制在10×10^-6以下。     

钢包镇静过程取向硅钢中[Al]_s和[Ti]质量分数控制的动力学

取向硅钢中的[Al]s和[Ti]质量分数超标直接影响其磁性能和洁净度,要求把钢中的[Al]s和[Ti]质量分数控制到很窄的成分区间内。通过FactSage热力学计算软件与自主编写程序的结合,建立了取向硅钢钢包镇静过程渣钢反应的动力学模型,可以计算钢包镇静过程不同时刻钢液成分的变化规律,研究了精炼渣成分对取向硅钢中钢液成分的影响。结果表明,改变精炼渣碱度对钢中[Al]s质量分数影响很大,降低精炼渣中的TiO_2质量分数可以减慢钢中[Ti]的增加。     

轴承钢精炼过程钢中钛控制的研究

从轴承钢生产工艺特点和质量要求出发,对比工业试验和实际生产数据,分析了控制钢中増钛的主要冶炼工序。根据热力学计算,讨论了钢中氧活度、酸溶铝及炉渣成分对钢中钛含量的影响。结果表明:冶炼过程中主要増钛环节为LF精炼阶段。转炉出钢采用弱脱氧、降低精炼渣碱度、适当降低精炼结束钢中酸溶铝含量可有效减少钢中钛含量。控制转炉炉后钢液中[O]≥20×10~(-6)时,钢中的[Ti]≤20×10~(-6);控制终点钢中[Al]≤0.018%,渣中Si O2含量不低于6.5%,有利于降低钢液増钛。     

不锈钢结晶器保护渣吸收钛的粘度效应

1引言 关于钛稳定不锈钢不可避免地生成某种TiN，在连铸过程中，有意添加的钛会在接近钢水的液相线温度时与钢水中的残余氮反应。这种固体物质在连铸过程中的沉淀会引起水口堵塞、结晶器粘结和板坯表面缺陷，当氮化钛被结晶器保护渣吸收，它还会影响结晶器保护渣的润滑性能。但是，氮化钛在结晶器保护渣中的溶解度很小，按质量计算〈0．5％。因此，预计钛会按氮化物氧化（而生成二氧化钛和氮气），以氧化物的形式进入结晶器保护渣中；（而结晶器保护渣中的）二氧化硅很可能是一种氧化剂，它与溶解于钢水中的钛直接反应而形成钛氧化物。这些氧化物可能包括TiO2和一些如Ti3O5低价氧化物。     

高钛焊丝用钢的钢液可浇性改善

 用扫描电镜（SEM/EDS）分析了高钛焊丝钢连铸水口结瘤物和钢液中夹杂物的形貌和组成,结果表明：结瘤物的主要组成是[TiOx]和凝钢;精炼结束后钢液中的夹杂物主要是[MnO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiOx]、[MgO-Al2O3-TiOx]和[TiOx]类夹杂物;钢液中大量的高熔点含钛夹杂物是导致水口结瘤的主要原因。对钢液中的Al-Ti-O平衡和钢渣间的平衡进行了热力学计算,结果表明：当[w([Al])/w([Ti])＜0.15]时,氧优先与钛结合,反之优先与铝结合;当钢包渣中的[w((FeO))][＜]0.05%、[w((SiO2))][＜]15%时,可避免钛被炉渣氧化。通过对冶炼工艺参数和操作过程的优化,钢液中[TiOx]的质量分数从0.002 4%降低到0.001 0%以下,钢液的可浇性得到明显改善。     

含钛中碳钢中钛氧化物析出热力学分析

以含钛中碳钢为研究对象,从热力学的角度分析了含钛中碳钢中钛氧化物析出行为,结果表明:浇注温度为(1535±10)℃且钢中溶解氧含量大于0.003％(质量分数,余同)时,低钛中碳钢中的溶解Ti可与钢中的溶解氧反应生成Ti3O5、Ti2O3,生成TiO2、TiO夹杂的可能性较小;高钛中碳钢中的溶解Ti可与钢中的溶解氧反应生...     

高Ti-Q550钢中Nb、Ti第二相的析出行为

 采用Thermo-Calc软件、热模拟及扫描电镜研究高Ti-Q550钢中微合金的析出规律。采用Thermo-Calc软件计算不同温度下Nb、Ti的析出规律,钛含量对钢中Nb、Ti析出规律及A3的影响。采用热模拟和扫描电镜研究钢中铌相的析出温度。计算结果表明,钛相的析出温度为1498℃,铌相析出温度为1251℃;随着钢中钛含量的增加,(Nb,Ti)C相析出温度和A3温度升高,但铌在钢中的固溶量降低;当钛的质量分数小于0. 08%时,Ti(N,C)相析出温度随钛含量增加而升高,但当钛的质量分数大于0. 08%时,相析出温度基本不变,钛在钢中的固溶量随钛含量增加而增加。     

电炉冶炼低钛轴承钢工艺实践

在电炉冶炼中通过氧化去除钢水中的残余钛,使出钢终点w(Ti)≤0.001 0%,精炼过程中使用低钛合金、造渣料、辅助材料等使精炼渣碱度控制在4~6,精炼过程的钛增幅≤0.001 2%,钢中成品w(Ti)≤0.003 0%,可提高轴承的疲劳寿命。     

无取向硅钢钢液增钛原因分析

对无取向硅钢炼钢全流程钢液增钛的原因进行了分析,认为铁水钛含量、转炉出钢温度、转炉下渣量、精炼渣TiO2含量、钢水罐及RH浸入管混钢种生产是影响钢液增钛的主要原因.通过采取低钛铁水冶炼,减少转炉下渣量,提高出钢温度,添加白灰改质精炼渣等措施,均能够降低钢液中的钛含量.     

熔炼次数对M17返回料合金成分、组织和性能的影响

实验结果表明,M17铸造高温合金(%:0.16C、8.79Cr、5.79A1、4.93Ti、3.29Mo、15.20Co、0.78V、0.015B、0.073Zr、0.002S、0.001P、0.001 1O、0.001 0N)经25 kg真空感应炉返回重熔后,Si含量随重熔次数的增加而略有增加,合金中主要元素和其它杂质元素S、P、H的含量变化不大,而氧、氮略有增加;合金中初生碳化物由新合金中的草书体逐渐向返回合金块状转变,初生碳化物的遗传性堵塞合金凝固时的补缩通道,使返回料合金的疏松倾向增大,高温塑性下降较大。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.