振动对BiSAR频率基准源影响及其补偿技术研究

双站合成孔径雷达具有高分辨率、隐蔽性强等优点,但其严重依赖于收发系统的频率基准源。晶体振荡器因其突出的性能在合成孔径雷达中作为频率基准源得到广泛使用,但其受振动、冲击等影响较大。该文从分析晶振相位噪声特性开始,讨论了频率源稳定性对双站合成孔径雷达(BiSAR)成像的影响,并重点介绍了一种晶振加速度的全数字补偿技术,在4 g@15 Hz下实现了12 dB的补偿效果。     

双基地合成孔径雷达发展现状与趋势分析

随着雷达技术的进步和新应用需求的出现,双基地合成孔径雷达(BiSAR)在世界范围内受到了越来越多科技人员的关注,成为国际雷达界的研究热点。该文以BiSAR 实验为脉络,结合BiSAR 系统关键技术突破,从实验系统、处理思路和拓扑几何等方面综合论述了国内外(尤其是欧洲)的研究现状和获取成果,并且详细总结和对比了不同类型BiSAR 成像处理算法,探讨了今后BiSAR 系统的研究思路。      

在振动环境下相位噪声对星机BiSAR的影响

振荡器的相位噪声是影响BiSAR获得高分辨率图像的重要因素之一。振荡器是一种对振动极为敏感的器件。因此,在振动环境下,定量分析相位噪声对BiSAR的影响是十分必要的。文中基于两个独立非同分布的振荡器,机载SAR在静态条件和随机振动环境下,推导了星载一机栽混合BiSAR（SA-BiSAR）积分旁瓣比的计算公式。仿真结果表明,在静态条件下,SA—BiSAR仍然具有很低的相噪谱;机载SAR在振动环境下,对于L波段,可以满足成像的基本要求;对于X波段,需采取必要的隔振措施提高系统的抗振性能来满足成像的条件。     

高轨星机BiSAR分辨率分析及成像参数优化设计

高轨SAR具有覆盖范围广,重访时间短的优势。但是如果采用高轨SAR卫星同时作为发射机和接收机,不能充分发挥高轨SAR的这些优点。采用飞机或低轨卫星作为接收机平台不但能够更灵活地针对目标区域成像,而且分辨率也将大大提高。但是星机双基SAR(BiSAR)的几何构型复杂,难以直观地获知任意几何构型BiSAR的分辨率特性。该文从BiSAR基平面分辨率出发,根据几何构型得到基平面分辨率与地平面分辨率之间的几何关系,解析地表示出了BiSAR在地平面上的分辨率形状。据此可以评估BiSAR系统的分辨力,并且能够通过优化设计系统带宽和合成孔径时间两个参数使得BiSAR系统能够实现更好的分辨率特性。最后,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于导航信号的BiSAR成像技术

该文研究了导航卫星照射的BiSAR系统的成像处理技术,针对导航信号BiSAR成像所存在的特殊问题,利用直达波信号提取距离徙动参数并在方位时域实现了距离徙动的校正,通过多普勒补偿的方法解决了导航信号对多普勒敏感的问题,利用对直达波信号的相位历程进行高阶多项式拟合实现了对多普勒相位历程的精确近似,方位向通过去斜处理实现方位向聚焦。仿真数据和实测数据的成像处理结果验证了该算法的正确性。     

电阻抗成像压控电流源的参数匹配设计

电压控制电流源的性能对电阻抗成像的效果影响很大,分析了由3个ICL7650S运算放大器构成的电压控制电流源电路,通过设置电路中匹配电阻的数值,使该压控电流源满足电阻抗成像系统的设计要求。仿真结果表明,该电压电流源的频率和幅值可调,在频率为10 k Hz~1 MHz范围内输出波形失真小,在信号频率为50 k Hz时输出阻抗可高达1.3 MΩ,信号频率小于150 k Hz时输出阻抗不小于100 kΩ,满足电阻抗成像系统要求。     

星载寄生式InSAR系统频率同步误差分析

频率同步是星载寄生式InSAR系统的关键问题之一。根据频率源的工作特性,建立了一种新的频率源误差模型,并在该模型的基础上详细分析了频率同步误差对双站SAR成像及分布式InSAR高程测量的影响。建立了频率同步误差到干涉相位误差的传递模型,指出了星载分布式InSAR系统对频率源准确度及稳定性的要求,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,分析结果对星载分布式InSAR系统的设计具有重要意义。     

磁感应成像系统激励源的教学实践设计

本文以磁感应成像系统中激励源的设计为例,介绍了利用DSP Builder进行硬件设计的设计思路及方法.文中根据磁感应成像激励源的参数要求,提出了基于直接数字频率合成的多频移相激励源的总体设计方案;说明了利用DSP Builder搭建激励源模型的方法及步骤,最后通过模型仿真,验证了设计激励源模型的可行性.     

用于生物阻抗测量的同步多通道高精度恒流源

针对生物电阻抗测量和成像系统的激励源须满足两路以上同步输出、高频率精度、各路相位独立可调、输出为恒流性质等特殊要求,本文分析了多极共用时钟的DDS芯片作为生物电阻抗测量和成像系统激励源的应用优势,设计了以AD9959为核心的用于生物阻抗测量或成像系统的恒流驱动信号源.设计的信号源四通道输出同步,频率精度为0.0058Hz,各通道相位分别可调且最小步长为0.022°,幅值分辨率可达9.8μA,控制方便,电路简单.     

反射式太赫兹返波振荡器成像系统及其应用

实现了基于返波管源的太赫兹波反射式成像系统.这是一种新型的无损探伤成像方式.从样品表面或者基底反射回来的太赫兹波被焦热电探测器收集,最后经过计算机处理成像.频率为0.7THz的成像系统被用来对一系列样品进行无损检测,如硬币、徽章、模型飞机以及预埋了人工缺陷的工业样品.结果表明,很多工业材料相对于太赫兹波都是透明的,尤其是一些在航空航天技术中具有广泛应用价值的吸收微波的材料.     

基于瞬时多普勒频率的匀速移变双基SAR的二维频谱及其成像算法的应用

该文提出一种新的方法求解匀速移变双基SAR的2维频谱表达式。通过使用瞬时多普勒频率,引入两个独立的方位频率,并由此推导出精确的严格解析谱。然后,利用匀速移变双基SAR的成像几何模型,求出这两个方位频率的表达式,从而得到最终的2维频谱。作为该频谱对于成像算法的一个应用,该文提出适用于平行等速双基SAR数据的距离多普勒算法。仿真数据的处理结果不仅证明了所得到的2维频谱的精确性,也证明了该文的距离多普勒算法的有效性。     

运动误差对双站SAR相位同步及成像的影响

收、发系统间的相位同步是双站合成孔径雷达的一项关键技术,采用锁相环接收机是实现双站SAR系统相位同步的一种可能方法.本文主要就锁相环接收机在运动误差条件下的相位同步问题进行了研究,并分析了锁相环相位误差对系统成像的影响,最后,给出了计算机仿真结果.     

一站固定低频UWB BiSAR时间同步误差分析

时间同步技术是双基地SAR系统的关键技术之一.结合一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统的工作特点,研究了其时间同步误差产生机理.在考虑了不同形式时间同步误差分量的基础上,分别建立了时间同步误差模型,从理论上推导分析了时间同步误差对一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR成像质量的影响,并给出了量化的同步指标.最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的准确性.工作结果对于一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统设计及同步方法的工程实践提供有力支撑.     

双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究

讨论了双站合成孔径雷达 (双站SAR)收、发系统的同步问题 ,详细分析了频率源稳定性对收发系统间相位同步的影响 ,并给出了计算机仿真结果     

Approach of Adaptive Synchronization for Bistatic SAR Real-Time Imaging

The use of a novel synchronization link to compensate time, phase, and spatial synchronization errors is proposed, aiming at the development of a practical synchronization technique for bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) real-time imaging. With the proposed technique, an amplitude-modulated signal emitting from the transmitter is received by a passive receiver and divided into two channels. One is passed through an envelope detector and then used to trigger the sampling clock, and the second is used to achieve spatial synchronization and phase synchronization. Finally, the residual time synchronization errors are compensated with a proposed high-precision range realignment method, and the residual phase synchronization errors are compensated with autofocus algorithms. This technique allows a passive receiver, which is teamed with an illuminator at a safe standoff distance, to receive the data reflected from potentially hostile areas of interest. Thus, this configuration, making real-time imaging possible, has a particular value in military applications. Simulation results show that successful adaptive synchronization for BiSAR real-time imaging is possible by using this dedicated synchronization link.     

Spatial Channel Sounding Based on Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar Principles

In this paper, we propose a simplified spatial channel sounding method by utilizing bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) principles. Despite the different deployment geometries compared with a conventional BiSAR system, the feasibility of the approach is established by 1) the proposed method achieves a better spatial resolution than conventional directional channel sounders and 2) reconstruction algorithms based on time-domain back-projection in conjunction with a digital elevation model provide a good imaging performance and are suitable for reconstructing the spatial distribution of scatterers. Simulations of a high-speed rail (HSR) scenario demonstrate that the estimated power delay profiles (PDPs) and power angle profiles (PAPs) are close to the actual values.     

Terahertz Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar for 1-D Near-Field High-Resolution Imaging

Considering the difficult transceiver-isolation problem of the monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in the terahertz (THz) band, this paper proposes a compact THz bistatic SAR (BiSAR) geometry. The system allows the separately distributed transmitter and receivers. At the receiving end, there are a direct-wave receiver and an echo receiver, both operating at the heterodyne and in-phase mode. The echo receiver runs along a linear rail to fulfill the scene scanning, while the direct-wave one is fixed as a reference. Furthermore, assuming that the receivers are synchronized, both the problem of synchronization between the separated transmitter and receivers and the problem of timing at the signal acquisition would be solved by utilizing the high coherence between the echo and the direct wave. Based on such a system, the application of THz BiSAR for one-dimensional imaging is taken into consideration. Then, a high-resolution imaging algorithm is proposed benefitting from the total least squares estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (TLS-ESPRIT) and the spatial smoothing process (SSP). The imaging performance is then demonstrated by both simulations and the experiments in the 0.183 THz.     

Nonlinear Theory of Parametric Oscillator: Steady-State Operation and Fluctuation Analysis

Parametric oscillators with a superconducting output cavity are of great interest as sources of very high frequency stability. In this paper, a careful analysis is performed for a parametric oscillator model based on an abrupt junction varactor with fixed-bias voltage and ideal shunt mode operation. Steady-state operation, transfer functions for amplitude and phase fluctuations, and additive noise contributions are examined. An overall estimation of system performance as regards to the phase instabilities shows that although the foreseen characteristics are Iess outstanding than expected from a previously reported analysis, this device compares favorably with the most important available sources based on atomic transitions or on superconducting cavity-stabilized oscillators.