粉末活性炭对水中呋喃丹的吸附性能研究

考察了粉末活性炭吸附去除水中呋喃丹的可行性,并采用Freundlich公式拟合去离子水和自来水条件下的吸附等温方程.结果表明,采用粉末活性炭可有效去除水中的呋喃丹,在去离子水条件下,呋喃丹初始质量浓度为0.035 mg/L,投炭量为20 mg/L,吸附时间为120 min时,呋喃丹的去除率大于98％.根据吸附等温方程计...     

改性焦粉的制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附研究

以焦粉为原料,50％硝酸为改性剂,借助SEM表征其结构,将其应用于亚甲基蓝印染废水处理,考察了改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附平衡时间、吸附速率;测定了不同温度的Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程参数、平衡参数、热力学参数。结果表明：硝酸改性焦粉是硝酸刻蚀焦粉表面增加孔结构、增大表面积的过程;改性焦粉吸附亚甲基蓝平衡时间为200min;在不同温度下吸附与Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程线性相关性较好;热力学参数表明该吸附过程是熵增的自发放热过程。     

Single- and multi-component adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse--an agricultural waste

The use of low-cost activated carbon derived from bagasse, an agricultural waste material, has been investigated as a replacement for the current expensive methods of removing heavy metals from wastewater. With a view to find a suitable application of the material, activated carbon has been derived, characterized and utilized for the removal of cadmium and zinc. The uptake of cadmium was found to be slightly greater than that of zinc and the sorption capacity increases with increase in temperature. The adsorption studies were carried out both in single- and multi-component systems. Adsorption data on derived carbon follows both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The data are better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm as compared to Langmuir in both the single- and multi-component systems. Isotherms have been used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters. The kinetics of adsorption depends on the adsorbate concentration and the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent. Studies were conducted to delineate the effect of temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, particle size of the adsorbent and solid-to-liquid ratio. On the basis of these studies, various parameters such as mass transfer coefficient, effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy and entropy of activation were evaluated to establish the mechanisms. It was concluded that the adsorption occurs through a film diffusion mechanism at low as well as at higher concentrations.     

Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solutions by Spent Black Tea as Adsorbent

Herein we present spent black tea as an adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions. The effects of various parameters such as pH, time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and adsorbate dosage on dye adsorption were investigated. Batch experiments were conducted using different amount of adsorbent material (2.5–1000 mg) at varying amounts of adsorbate (5–500 mg/L) at 35°C and different pH (1–13). A maximum dye removal of >80% was achieved with an adsorbent dose of 100 mg, adsorbate concentration of 5 mg/L under pH range of 6 within 5 min at room temperature. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms and conforms to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms but not to Temkin isotherm. The proposed spent black tea can be effectively used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye.     

Cadmium removal from aqueous solutions by chitin: kinetic and equilibrium studies

A fundamental investigation on the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by chitin was conducted in batch conditions. Kinetic data and equilibrium removal isotherms were measured. The influence of different experimental parameters such as time contact, initial concentration of cadmium, chitin mass, particles size, agitation speed, temperature and the nature of cadmium salt, on the kinetics of cadmium removal was studied. The main parameters that play an important part in removal phenomenon were initial cadmium concentration, particle size and chitin mass. Other parameters such as agitation speed, temperature and the nature of cadmium salt, showed a restricted effect on the removal kinetics. The process follows a pseudo second-order kinetics. The cadmium uptake of chitin was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms. In order to describe the isotherm mathematically, the experimental data of the removal equilibrium were correlated by either the Langmuir or Freundlich equations. Results indicated that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich equation. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with a X-ray energy dispersed analysis for cadmium-equilibrated chitin, demonstrated that cadmium-containing nodules existed on the surface chitin.     

Adsorption of basic dyes on granular activated carbon and natural zeolite

The adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution onto granular activated carbon and natural zeolite has been studied using an agitated batch adsorber. The influence of agitation, initial dye concentration and adsorbent mass has been studied. The parameters of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms have been determined using the adsorption data. Homogeneous diffusion model (solid diffusion) combined with external mass transfer resistance is proposed for the kinetic investigation. The dependence of solid diffusion coefficient on initial concentration and mass adsorbent is represented by the simple empirical equations.     

饮用水中粉末活性炭应急处理技术研究

以遭受突发性2,4滴污染的水体作为研究对象,考察了粉末活性炭技术对受2,4滴污染原水的应急处理效果.结果显示,粉末活性炭可有效去除2,4滴污染物,吸附时间越长,去除率越高.与准一级动力学方程相比,准二级动力学方程拟合曲线能更好地与数据点重合,相关系数为0.99,由准二级动力学方程计算得出的吸附容量值与试验中实际得到的吸附容量值很接近.粉末活性炭吸附2,4滴的Freundlich模型拟合度优于Langmuir模型,且对2,4滴的吸附存在多分子层吸附.     

粉末活性炭对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的吸附性能研究

考察了投加粉末活性炭吸附去除水中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的可行性,并采用Freundlich公式拟合纯水和原水条件下的等温吸附方程。试验结果表明,采用粉末活性炭可有效去除水中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,活性炭投加量为30mg／L,吸附120min后,纯水和原水条件下邻苯二甲酸二乙酯去除率分别为93．3％和89．3％。根据吸附等温方程计算得出,以邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的标准限值（0．3mg／L）为平衡浓度,纯水、原水条件下最大投炭量（80mg／L）可应对的邻苯二甲酸二乙酯最高质量浓度分别为7．575和5．731mg／L。     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern

Tree fern, an agricultural by-product, was used for the sorptive removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The experimental data was analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The equilibrium sorption capacity of copper ions was determined from the Langmuir equation and found to be 11.7 mg/g. A batch sorption model, based on the assumption of the pseudo-second-order mechanism, was developed to predict the rate constant of sorption, the equilibrium sorption capacity and the initial sorption rate with the effect of initial copper ion concentration and the tree fern dose. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as Delta G(0), Delta H(0) and Delta S(0), have been calculated. The thermodynamics of copper ion/tree fern system indicates spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process.     

Simplification of the IAST for activated carbon adsorption of trace organic compounds from natural water

Recent studies have shown that the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) coupled with the concept of equivalent background compound (EBC) can be simplified for describing trace organic compound adsorption from natural water, provided that the adsorbent surface loading is dominated by competing natural organic matter. The resulting simplified IAST has been used to reduce the complexity of kinetic models for various dynamic adsorption processes. In order to be correctly applied, however, the simplified IAST requires some additional clarification and a quantitative evaluation of the deviation caused by the simplifying assumption. In this study, we derive a simple equation that relates the relative deviation of the simplified IAST directly to the molar ratio of EBC and trace organic compound surface loadings and their Freundlich isotherm exponents. We then verify the simplified IAST using the original IAST and experimental isotherm data from the literature for trace organic compounds at various initial concentrations in natural water. By further assuming that the adsorbed amount of the EBC is substantially greater than what remains in solution, a new pseudo single-solute isotherm equation is derived and a simple relation is subsequently established between the carbon dose and the remaining trace compound concentration. The results show that the adsorption capacity and relative removal of a trace organic compound at any carbon dose can be estimated directly with the simple equations developed here and data from a single isotherm experiment for the target compound conducted in the natural water of interest.     

Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution using alumized red mud

Treated red mud, the solid residue from bauxite processing, was found to adsorb phosphorus from dilute aqueous solution effectively. Experiments were carried out in aqueous as well as buffer media to obtain the optimum conditions like contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature etc. The pH value of 4.5 was found to be optimum for maximum removal. The equilibrium was attained within 60 mins. Lower adsorbent dose and higher initial phosphorus concentration favoured higher loading capacity. The adsorption process followed Freundlich isotherm and Lagergren equations and they followed first order rate kinetics. The effect of different anions on phosphorus removal could be explained on the basis of the changing affinity of anions for the surface and their relative concentrations.     

Adsorption equilibriums of principal herbicides on paddy soils in Japan

Herbicides used in paddy fields during the flooding season can easily cause pollution by run-off into rivers or by other routes. It is very important to know the adsorption characteristics that influence their fate in the soil. The adsorption equilibriums have often been expressed by Henry equations, and the values of equilibrium constant, Kd, are estimated from the adsorption constants, K(OC), based on organic carbon contents of soils. There is little information concerning the equilibrium values expressed by the Freundlich equations, and insufficient information on the actual concentration levels in the paddy field. Therefore, adsorption equilibriums of the five principal herbicides: esprocarb, mefenacet, pretilachlor, simetryn and thiobencarb, on five kinds of paddy soil in Japan were investigated. It was found that their equilibrium values were better expressed by the Freundlich equation for concentration levels for the paddy fields, and that the values for the adsorption coefficient, n, varied from 1.0 to 1.6. Values for the coefficient, k, were in the range of 29-420 mg(1 - 1/n) l(1/n)/kg-dry, and the values were poorly related to solubilities in water or to the octanol-water partition coefficients of the herbicides. For each herbicide, except for simetryn, the values of k among the soils differed by 2-3 times, and no correlation could be found with the organic carbon contents, specific surface areas, pH, cation exchange capacity or major minerals of the soils. The adsorption equilibriums calculated from the values of adsorption constant Kd by the values of K(OC) in the literature were found to be very different from the experimental equilibriums. From the experimental values of coefficient k and n of the Freundlich equation, the maximum runoff concentrations of the herbicides were preliminarily estimated by a simple equilibrium model.     

合成碳羟基磷灰石对废水中锰离子的吸附研究

利用废弃的蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP),研究了其对废水中Mn2+的吸附作用,并探讨了CHAP用量、Mn2+浓度、温度、pH对吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为30℃、搅拌时间为1 h、CHAP用量为3 g/L、Mn2+初始浓度为70 mg/L的条件下,CHAP对Mn2+的去除率可达到97.9%,吸附容量为22.84 mg/g;CHAP对Mn2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Fre-undlich吸附等温式,吸附反应是自发放热过程;H0准二级动力学模型能较好地描述CHAP对Mn2+的动力学吸附行为.     

柠檬酸杆菌吸附重金属铀的试验研究

采用弗氏柠檬酸杆菌吸附重金属铀,考察了pH、菌体浓度和铀离子浓度对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对铀的吸附一开始随pH的增大而增大,当pH值为6时吸附率达到最大,而后降低;吸附率随菌体浓度的增加而增大,吸附量则相反;吸附量随铀起始浓度的增加而增大,而吸附率则降低;吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,且后者的拟合效果较前者好.     

Remediation of pharmaceutical contaminated water by use of magnetic functionalized metal organic framework. Physicochemical study of doxycycline adsorption

The presence of pharmaceutical pollutant, doxycycline (DOC) in water and waste streams has negative impact on the environment. In this research, metal organic framework was synthesized and functionalized by potassium nickel ferrocyanide (KNiFC). After characterisation, the functionalized adsorbent was used for removal of DOC from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent containing 80% of KNiFC exhibited the high adsorption capacity of 100 mg/g. The adsorption process was kinetically fast and the equilibration was established within 30 min. The used adsorbent retained 90% of its initial capacity after regeneration. The magnetic susceptibility of the adsorbent measured by VSM technique was 35 emu/g and sufficient for separation of the used adsorbent by external magnetic field. Isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Redlich‐Peterson, and Sips were applied to correlate the experimental equilibrium data. To evaluate the fitness of the isotherm equations error analysis methods, residual root mean square error and average relative error were used.     

Uptake of chloride ion from aqueous solution by calcined layered double hydroxides: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) calcined within a certain temperature range (denoted as CLDH) have been shown to recover their original layered structure in the presence of appropriate anions. In the light of this so-called "memory effect", uptake of chloride ion from aqueous solution by calcined MgAl-CO3 LDH was investigated in batch mode. The equilibrium isotherm showed that the uptake of chloride ion by CLDH was consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and that the Langmuir model gave a better fit to the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The maximum uptake capacity of CLDH for chloride ion was 149.5 mg/g, close to the stoichiometric uptake (168 mg/g). The influence of varying pH of solution, initial chloride concentration, adsorbent quantity, and temperature on the kinetics of chloride removal has also been explored. Four kinetic models were used to fit the experimental data, and it was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model could be used to describe the uptake process satisfactorily. The calculated value of Ea was found to be 56.8 kJ/mol, which suggests that the process of uptake of chloride ion is controlled by the rate of reaction of chloride ion with the CLDH rather than diffusion. A mechanism for removal of chloride ion has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and TG-MS measurements.     

The adsorption of various pollutants from aqueous solutions on to activated carbon

The ability of activated carbon. Filtrasorb 400, to adsorb various pollutants from aqueous solutions has been studied. The pollutants investigated are phenol, p-chlorophenol, sodium dodecyl sulphate, mercuric ions and chromic(III) ions. The saturation adsorption capacity of the activated carbon for the pollutants is 213, 434, 361, 35 and 138 mg g^?1 for phenol, p-chlorophenol, sodium dodecylsulphate, chromium(III) and mercuric(II) respectively. Equilibrium isotherm analyses were undertaken using Langmuir and Freundlich equations.     

Adsorption of nitrophenol onto activated carbon: isotherms and breakthrough curves

The adsorption isotherm of p-nitrophenol onto granular activated carbon in 25 degrees C aqueous solution was experimentally determined by batch tests. Both the Freundlich and the Redlich-Peterson models were found to fit the adsorption isotherm data well. A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough curves with varying bed depths (3-6 cm) and water flow rates (21.6-86.4 cm3/h). Explicit equations for the breakthrough curves of the fixed-bed adsorption processes with the Langmuir and the Freundlich adsorption isotherms were developed by the constant-pattern wave approach using a constant driving force model in the liquid phase. The results show that the half breakthrough time increases proportionally with increasing bed depth but decreases inverse proportionally with increasing water flow rate. The constant-pattern wave approach using the Freundlich isotherm model fits the experimental breakthrough curves quite satisfactorily. A correlation was proposed to predict the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient in the liquid phase successfully. The effects of solution temperature and pH on the adsorption isotherm were also studied and the Tóth model was found to fit the isotherm data well at varying solution temperatures and pHs.     

Magnetic binary oxide particles (MBOP): a promising adsorbent for removal of As (III) in water

Magnetic binary oxide particles (MBOP) synthesized using chitosan template has been investigated for uptake capacity of arsenic (III). Batch experiments were performed to determine the rate of adsorption and equilibrium isotherm and also effect of various rate limiting factors including adsorbent dose, pH, optimum contact time, initial adsorbate concentration and influence of presence cations and anions. It was observed that uptake of arsenic (III) was independent of pH of the solution. Maximum adsorption of arsenic (III) was ∼99% at pH 7.0 with dose of adsorbent 1 g/L and initial As (III) concentration of 1.0 mg/L at optimal contact time of 14 h. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent was 16.94 mg/g. With increase in concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ from 50 mg/L to 600 mg/L, adsorption of As (III) was significantly reduced while for Fe³⁺ the adsorption of arsenic (III) was increased with increase in concentration. Temperature study was carried out at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K reveals that the adsorption process is exothermic nature. A distinct advantage of this adsorbent is that adsorbent can readily be isolated from sample solutions by application of an external magnetic field. Saturation magnetization is a key factor for successful magnetic separation was observed to be 18.78 emu/g which is sufficient for separation by conventional magnate.     

改性炭对磺胺甲噁唑的吸附及解吸特性

采用商品活性炭和金属氧化物改性炭作为吸附剂,研究了几种活性炭对磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)的吸附及解吸特性。结果表明:SMZ在几种活性炭上的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程;SMZ的吸附均可采用Freundlich、Langmuir和Langmuir-Freundlich模型进行拟合,Langmuir-Freundlich吸附模型能更好地描述活性炭和改性炭对SMZ的吸附行为;铁、锰氧化物的存在对活性炭的比表面或者孔结构影响不大,并且其对活性炭吸附水中SMZ的性能影响甚微;与AC-Fe和AC-Mn相比,AC-0上吸附的SMZ更易解吸,改性炭负载的金属氧化物与SMZ的表面络合作用增强了AC-Fe和AC-Mn对SMZ的化学吸附,并且改性炭的MnOx和FeOx能氧化降解部分SMZ。