芦荟汁酸奶的研制

通过单因素和正交试验对芦荟汁酸奶的配方和发酵工艺条件进行优化,并对产品质量作出评价。研究表明,芦荟汁酸奶的最佳配方为：在浓度为12%的脱脂奶粉中,芦荟汁添加量为5％,白砂糖添加量为8％,同时加入1．1％的β-环状糊精,0．2％～0．5％的维生素C;优化的发酵工艺条件为温度42℃,时间5h。在此工艺条件下制备的芦荟酸奶具有感官品质佳、稳定性好和营养丰富等特点。     

银杏酸奶的研制

以银杏果仁和脱脂牛奶为主要原料研制一种复合型发酵酸奶。从产品感官质量和稳定性入手，应用正交试验法，确定了合理的配方和适宜的发酵工艺条件，并对产品质量作了评价。结果表明，银杏酸奶的主要原料的最佳配比为脱脂牛奶：银杏果浆：1：1，同时加入6％的蔗糖和0．2％的复合稳定剂(琼脂：羧甲基纤维素纳=1：1)(均为质量分数)；最佳的发酵工艺条件为接种量6％，发酵温度为41℃，发酵时间为6h，该产品具有感官品质佳、稳定性好和营养丰富等特点。     

无糖保健香椿酸奶的研制

无糖香椿酸奶是以香椿、鲜奶、木糖醇为主要原料制成的营养保健酸奶。本文详细介绍了无糖香椿酸奶的制作工艺，并通过L9(34)正交试验，探讨了香椿汁添加量，稳定剂用量，发酵奶用量及木糖醇添加量对酸奶质量的影响。最终表明：香椿汁添加量为15％，稳定剂用量为2．5％o，发酵奶用量为50％，木糖醇用量为8％时酸奶质量最佳。     

发酵型山药酸奶的生产工艺

以山药和鲜牛奶为原料，成功研制出一种集山药和酸奶的保健功能于一体的新型保健饮料－山药酸奶。首先，研究了山药汁制取工艺，通过添加护色剂，得到色泽洁白，性质稳定的山药汁：然后，通过正交试验，得到山药酸奶的最佳制取工艺。结果表明：山药汁的护色剂以0．05％Vc 0.15?的护色效果最好；山药酸奶制作的最佳工艺条件为：山药汁∶牛奶＝1∶，接种量1％，加糖量10％，发酵时间44h。     

红枣牦牛酸奶的工艺研究

以红枣、牦牛奶为主要原料,应用单因素和正交试验设计,通过乳酸茵发酵,研制出风味独特、酸甜适度的红枣牦牛酸奶。该酸奶最佳配方工艺条件为：红枣汁14％,蔗糖6％,发酵茵种接种量4％,酸奶稳定剂0．55％,（42±1）℃发酵4．5h。     

黑米与黑豆混合发酵酸奶的研究

对黑米、黑豆混合发酵酸奶的工艺条件进行筛选和优化，确定最佳配方为：V保加利亚乳杆菌：V嗜热链球菌=1：1，接种量3％（体积分数），m黑米：m黑豆=2：1，脱脂奶粉的量为7％（质量分数）；确定最优糖化条件：温度为60℃，m黑米：m水=1：4，时间为60min。调整其风味口感，对其发酵过程中酸度、pH值、黏度及稳定剂进行研究。     

刺梨凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺研究

研究了刺梨及蜂蜜制备的凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺,考察刺梨汁添加量、发酵温度、蜂蜜添加量、乳酸菌接种量及发酵时间对刺梨酸奶感官品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用正交试验优化刺梨凝固型酸奶的发酵工艺。结果表明,刺梨凝固型酸奶最佳发酵条件为：刺梨汁添加量30%、蜂蜜添加量10%、乳酸菌接种量0.15%、发酵温度42 ℃和发酵时间9 h。在此条件下,所得刺梨凝固型酸奶感官评分为92.5分,质地均匀、凝结状态良好、口感细腻,且有浓郁的乳香味和刺梨风味。     

搅拌型龙眼酸奶的研制

以龙眼汁和奶粉为主要原料研制一种复合型发酵酸奶。从产品感官质量和稳定性入手,应用正交实验法,确定了合理的配方和适宜的发酵工艺条件。结果表明,龙眼酸奶的主要原料最佳配比为奶粉与水质量之比为1∶8,龙眼汁添加量7.5%,复合稳定剂为淀粉0.10% 果胶0.025% CMC0.05%,最佳的发酵工艺条件为接种量5%,发酵温度为42℃,发酵时间为2.5h,将得到保健功效的搅拌型龙眼酸奶。     

均匀设计法在黄瓜酸奶发酵工艺条件优化中的应用

以黄瓜和奶粉为原料,研究了黄瓜酸奶的发酵工艺条件。通过单因素试验考察了黄瓜浆添加量、蔗糖添加量、奶粉添加量、发酵时间、发酵温度和接种量对黄瓜酸奶的感官评价的影响,选出对黄瓜酸奶感官评价影响较大的因素和水平,进行正交实验,最后获得了黄瓜酸奶发酵的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,黄瓜酸奶发酵的最佳的工艺条件:黄瓜浆添加量9%(体积分数),蔗糖添加量80 g/L(质量浓度),奶粉添加量110 g/L(质量浓度),接种量4%(体积分数),发酵时间4 h。利用本工艺得到了一种具有黄瓜特有清爽口味的黄瓜酸奶。     

桑葚复合酸奶的研制

将桑葚果汁与脱脂牛乳复配,经过酸乳发酵工艺可制备出口感良好、营养丰富并具有多种功能的保健酸奶。经研究,桑葚酸奶的最佳配方为白砂糖添加量4%、桑葚汁含量6%、发酵剂接种量6%、发酵时间6 h。在最佳条件下制得的酸奶感官评分为85.3分,品质、风味、口感俱佳。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the