铁改性Cu/Zn/MgO催化剂对合成气制低碳醇的影响

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了Fe改性的Cu/Zn/Mg O催化剂,研究了其CO加氢制低碳醇的催化性能。采用低温氮气吸附-脱附、XRD、H2-TPR和CO-TPD表征了Fe的添加对催化剂的影响。结果表明,Fe的加入形成了Mg Fe2O4相,有助于Fe、Mg物种的分散。适量Fe增强了催化剂表面对CO吸附强度,有利于C2+醇的合成。当Fe加入量n(Fe)/n(Cu)=0.15时,总醇中C2+醇质量分数w(C2+醇)由未加Fe时的19.6%增加到59.7%,C2+醇时空收率由23.3 g/(kgcat·h)增加到45.3 g/(kgcat·h)。     

Ni改性Cu-Fe基催化剂的制备及其在CO加氢制低碳醇中的性能研究

采用分步沉淀法制备了不同Cu/Ni摩尔比的Cu Fe Ni/Zn O催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附等手段对催化剂的结构进行表征。考察了其催化CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的反应性能,同时探究了反应温度及反应压力对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,少量Ni助剂的加入可以增加催化剂比表面积,提高Cu O的分散度,促进碳链增长,提高液相产物中C+2醇的选择性。当Cu/Ni摩尔比为7∶1时,催化剂的比表面积达到最大(85.09 m2/g),醇的选择性较高,C+2醇与甲醇的质量比最大为0.67,C+2醇在液相产物中的质量分数最高。在空速为5 000 h-1、V(H2)/V(CO)=2时以Cu7Fe Ni1.0/Zn O催化剂合成低碳醇中,当反应温度为340℃、反应压力为6 MPa时,更有利于C+2醇生成,尤其是异丙醇的选择性较高。     

干燥温度对FeAl基催化剂结构与性能的影响

对共沉淀法制备的Fe Al基沉淀分别在不同温度下进行干燥,各样品经500℃焙烧后,再浸渍Zn、K和Cu助剂制备成催化剂,研究干燥温度对催化剂结构和性质的影响,并与催化剂的CO2加氢反应性能相关联,进行催化剂表征。XRD分析表明,干燥沉淀中的Fe存在状态依赖于干燥温度,80℃干燥样品中的Fe以无定形存在,140℃处理后的α-Fe OOH衍射峰最强,160℃时,α-Fe OOH开始脱水转化,180℃干燥产生α-Fe2O3晶体。α-Fe OOH在焙烧过程中转变成α-Fe2O3,但晶粒大小和助剂的分散度表现出对干燥温度的依赖。随着干燥温度的升高,相应催化剂的CO2加氢反应活性先增加再降低,140℃干燥的催化剂具有最高的反应活性。     

活性金属负载量及配比对CuFe双金属催化剂催化合成混合醇的影响

采用液相还原法制备了CuFe双金属催化剂，考察了活性金属负载量及Cu、Fe摩尔比对催化剂反应活性和C₂₊混合醇选择性的影响，分析了活性金属负载量、Cu/Fe摩尔比、催化剂结构及反应性能间的构-效关系，优化了催化剂的制备配方。结果表明，活性组分负载量的增大有助于提高催化剂的反应活性，但过量的金属负载量会导致活性组分发生团聚，影响总醇及C₂₊混合醇的选择性；Cu/Fe摩尔比的增大抑制了催化剂的反应活性，但有助于增强CO吸附能力及Cu、Fe间的协同效应，提高产物中醇类及C₂₊醇的选择性。综合考虑CO转化率、总醇及C₂₊醇选择性，液相还原法制备CuFe双金属催化剂较适宜的活性组分总负载量为30%、铜铁摩尔比为3.0。     

K改性对Cu-Co低碳醇催化剂性能的影响

通过浸渍法制备不同K2CO3含量的K-CuCoAl催化剂,考察K含量对催化剂织构及低碳醇合成性能的影响。结果表明,K加入能中和催化剂表面的酸性;同时使催化剂对CO的线式吸附能力呈先升后降的趋势,相对应的产物中醇选择性也呈先升后降的趋势;K的负载会降低催化剂对CO的加氢反应活性。K含量对总醇收率影响呈火山型变化规律,最佳负载质量分数为0.9%。     

CO偶联合成草酸二甲酯催化剂研究

采用浸渍法制备CO偶联制备草酸二甲酯用负载型Pd催化剂,考察载体、浸渍方法、Pd含量、助剂对Pd催化剂性能的影响。根据傅里叶变换红外光谱研究Pd/α-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂上CO偶联制草酸二甲酯的反应机理。结果表明,采用α-Al_2O_3载体,Pd质量分数4‰,掺杂助剂Cu的蛋壳型的Pd/α-Al_2O_3催化剂上,草酸二甲酯时空收率达到735.7 g·(L·h)~(-1)。     

碱金属对CO加氢制备低碳醇Cu-Fe-Co基催化剂的影响

考察了碱金属(Li、Na、K、Cs)对CO加氢制备低碳醇Cu-Fe-Co基催化剂反应性能的影响.研究发现:碱金属的添加能明显降低甲烷化反应,提高催化剂活性,使醇分布向碳链增长方向转移;碱金属Na的添加对催化剂活性的提高影响最大,与未添加碱金属的催化剂相比,液体产物中总醇质量分数提高45.98%,其中C2+醇和C5+醇在总醇中的摩尔分数分别提高了21.88%和22.89%,尾气中CH4摩尔分数下降42.83%.XRD结果表明,碱金属的加入使Cu、Fe、Co三种组分在载体上分散性加强,增加了CO与活性组分的接触位点从而使碳链增长;FE-SEM结果表明,碱金属Na的添加提高了催化剂孔隙结构和活性组分的均匀性和稳定性,同时减轻了催化剂积炭现象,提高了醇收率.     

Mn-Cu-Ce-Fe/REY系列催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO性能

采用正交实验设计和浸渍法制备Mn-Cu-Fe-Ce/REY催化剂。采用固定床微型反应器评价SO₂存在下催化剂在NH₃选择性催化还原NO反应中的活性,考察Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性的影响,并采用XRD、H₂-TPR和SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性影响顺序为：Cu＞Fe＞Ce＞Mn,催化剂的氧化还原性能影响催化剂活性。     

Au/Fe2O3催化剂上CO选择氧化反应性能的研究

采用共沉淀法、沉积-沉淀法和浸渍法制备了1.5%Au/Fe2O3催化剂,考察了不同方法制备的Au/Fe2O3催化剂对富氢气体中CO选择氧化反应性能的影响。结果表明,浸渍法制得的催化剂在40℃~60℃时CO的转化率为100%;共沉淀法与沉积-沉淀法制得的催化剂在80℃以下CO的转化率均为100%;沉积-沉淀法制得的催化剂在100℃时CO的转化率依然高于95%。上述三种催化剂CO氧化反应的选择性均高于40%,且在CO完全转化时选择性在50%以上。     

M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr)介孔分子筛的制备、表征及其催化NO+CO反应研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法制备M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr) 介孔分子筛催化剂。采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、H₂-TPR和XPS等对样品进行分析表征,在固定床微型反应器中评价M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr)分子筛催化剂催化NO+CO的反应性能。结果表明,负载金属的SBA-15分子筛仍保持高度有序的二维六方介孔结构,比表面积和孔径略有减少,负载的活性金属组分在SBA-15分子筛表面具有较高的分散度。Cu/SBA-15、Cr/SBA-15和Fe/SBA-15催化剂对NO+CO反应体系均有一定活性,但由于活性金属自身的特性及其在载体表面负载量的差异,3种催化剂上呈现的NO还原活性不同,顺序为：Cr/SBA-15＞Cu/SBA-15＞Fe/SBA-15。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。