SBS/MMT共混物改性沥青的稳定性

采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)与光学显微镜(OM)从动态力学性能及相形态变化的角度研究了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物与蒙脱土(SBS/MMT)共混物改性沥青的稳定性,同时通过高温贮存稳定性测试对其稳定性作了进一步分析,并对SBS/MMT共混物改性沥青与SBS单独改性沥青及SBS/MMT直接改性沥青的上述性能分别作了比较分析。结果表明,SBS/MMT共混物改性沥青的稳定性整体上较SBS单独改性沥青及SBS/MMT直接改性沥青均有一定程度的提高。     

SBS/MMT复合改性沥青的动态力学性能

制备了苯乙烯—丁二烯—苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)与蒙脱土(MMT)质量比不同的共混物,并用其对沥青进行了复合改性;同时还制备了相应质量比的SBS/MMT直接复合改性沥青。利用应变控制动态剪切流变仪测试了上述不同改性沥青试样的动态力学性能,结果表明:SBS/MMT共混物复合改性沥青的高温弹性、高温抗车辙变形能力较SBS单独改性沥青与SBS/MMT直接复合改性沥青整体上均有不同程度的提高,温度敏感性有均所下降。     

丁苯弹性体/蒙脱土复合材料改性老化沥青

将粉末丁苯橡胶(PSBR)或苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)与蒙脱土(MMT)制成复合材料,用于改性老化沥青(PSBR质量分数3%,SBS质量分数5%),研究了复合材料及其改性老化沥青的结构,考察了MMT用量对复合材料改性老化沥青物理性能与高温贮存稳定性的影响.结果表明,在PSBR/MMT复合材料中,MMT与PSBR形成了插层结构;在PSBR/MMT和SBS/MMT复合材料改性老化沥青中,复合材料呈球状分布;当MMT用量过大时,部分MMT滞留在聚合物中,出现颗粒MMT;复合材料对老化沥青的物理性能改性优于单独加入MMT;PSBR/MMT复合材料可改善老化沥青的高低温性能;SBS/MMT复合材料可显著改善老化沥青的高温性能;MMT用量不同时,PSBR/MMT复合材料改性老化沥青的贮存稳定性相当;当SBS/MMT(质量比)为5/3时,复合材料改性老化沥青的贮存稳定性较佳.     

聚苯乙烯改性沥青高温性能研究

通过反应共混技术制备了聚苯乙烯（PS）/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（SBS）改性沥青,研究了 PS 用量、反应剂硫磺（sulfur）对沥青高温贮存稳定性、黏度-温度特性和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明:通过反应共混改性所得到的改性沥青在高温贮存时,当 PS/SBS 不大于1/1时贮存样品上下层软化点差值小于2.5℃,贮存稳定性能得到了明显改善。对于沥青/PS/SBS/Sulfur 为100/3/3/0.15的体系,沥青的黏流活化能（Eη）从65kJ/mol 降低到了52.8kJ/mol;同时显著提高了沥青的高温复数模量和弹性,损耗角正切值（tanδ）在30～100℃范围内的变化小于10。     

动态硫化乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物复合改性沥青的性能

用乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)和苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合改性沥青,研究了EVA/SBS复合改性沥青动态硫化前后的软化点、针入度(25 ℃)、延度(5 ℃)及贮存稳定性,并用应变控制流变仪与光学显微镜分析了复合改性沥青的动态力学性能和相态结构.结果表明,动态硫化处理后,EVA/SBS复合改性沥青的延度和针入度下降,而软化点提高;随着硫黄用量的增加,EVA/SBS复合改性沥青的高温贮存稳定性提高,温度敏感性降低;随着EVA用量的增加,EVA/SBS复合改性沥青的高温贮存稳定性先提高后降低;当EVA质量分数为3%、硫黄质量分数为3%时,其对沥青的改性效果最佳;改性剂微粒与沥青的相容性和稳定性明显改善.     

炭黑对聚合物改性沥青贮存稳定性的影响

探讨炭黑添加方式和炭黑用量对聚合物改性沥青贮存稳定性的影响.结果表明,先将炭黑与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物(简称SE)混炼,再用SE/炭黑混炼胶对沥青进行改性,得到的改性沥青贮存稳定性较好;当沥青为100份时,炭黑的适宜用量为2.25份,SE(SBS/LDPE质量比为2/1)的适宜用量为4.5份.     

贮存稳定的SBS/PE共混物改性沥青

研究了用SBS／PE熔融共混物改性的沥青和直接添加SBS及PE所得改性沥青的高温贮存稳定性,结果表明,前者的高温贮存稳定性明显优于后者,可能是由于熔融共混过程中生成了SBS－g-PE,改善了SBS与PE的相容性,从而提高了改性沥青的高温贮存稳定性。     

贮存稳定的LDPE/SBS共混物改性沥青的动态力学性能

利用应变控制流变仪对LDPE／SBS共混物改性沥青的动态力学性能进行了研究，考察了反应剂及其用量，LDPE／SBS共混物用量等对改性沥青高温性能的影响。结果表明，LDPE／SBS共混物的加入提高了原始沥青的高温模量，同时降低了其损耗角正切值，并且随着共混物用量的增加。沥青的高温性能也随之提高，温度敏感性也显著减弱。反应剂的加入使得沥青高温性能得到了更进一步的改善。改善程度随反应剂用量的增加而更加明显。     

动态硫化EVA/SBS复合改性沥青动态力学性能的研究

研究动态硫化乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合改性沥青的动态力学性能,并与基质沥青和SBS改性沥青进行对比.结果表明,与基质沥青和SBS改性沥青相比,EVA/SBS复合改性沥青的复数模量和抗车辙因子明显增大、损耗因子明显减小,说明其高温弹性和高温抗车辙变形能力增强、温敏性显著下降;动态硫化EVA/SBS复合改性沥青的高温弹性、高温抗车辙变形能力和温敏性进一步改善.     

SBR/LDPE复合改性沥青高温性能研究

研究了SBR／LDPE熔融共混物改性沥青的高温贮存稳定性及其粘温特性和动态力学性能，并利用光学显微镜观察了各种改性沥青在高温下随时间的变化。结果表明：采用预先制备的SBR／LDPE共混物所得到的改性沥青能够在高温下稳定贮存。同时，相形态观察也表明。这种共混物改性沥青的高温相形态也不随时间变化。而聚合物的加入在一定程度上降低了沥青的温度敏感性，提高了沥青的高温使用等级。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。