硅钼蓝光度法测定药物中硫普罗宁含量

建立了硅钼蓝光度法测定硫普罗宁的新方法,详细探讨了硅钼蓝光度法测定硫普罗宁的各种影响因素。结果表明,在一定的反应条件下,体系中生成的硅钼黄可被硫普罗宁分子中的巯基(-SH)定量还原为硅钼蓝,通过测定硅钼蓝的吸光度,从而间接测定硫普罗宁的含量。显色体系最大吸收波长为686nm,硫普罗宁质量浓度在8.00~80.0μg/mL范围内与A呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=-0.0163+0.0104ρ(μg/mL),线性相关系数r=0.9995。方法用于测定硫普罗宁药片中硫普罗宁的含量,结果与标准方法相符。     

磷钼杂多酸光度法测定药物中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

在H_2SO_4介质中,Mo_7O_(24)~(6-)可以与H_2PO_4~-反应,生成磷钼杂多酸,它能够被对乙酰氨基酚还原成有最大吸收波长(717nm)的磷钼蓝,根据得到磷钼蓝的吸光度,可以间接得到药物中对乙酰氨基酚的含量,因此得到了磷钼杂多酸光度法测定药物中对乙酰氨基酚含量的过程。     

磷钼杂多酸光度法测定沙田柚中维生素C

基于维生素C定量地与磷钼杂多酸反应生成磷钼蓝,通过测定磷钼蓝的吸光度,从而间接地测定维生素C的含量。显色体系最大吸收波长为826.2 nm,维生素C在0.0000~0.01200 mg/m L浓度范围内与A呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=-0.0067+30.536ρ(mg/m L),相关系数r=0.9991。方法用于沙田柚中维生素C的含量测定,结果与药典法相符。     

硅钼蓝分光光度法测定水中硫

在酸性介质中,硫离子可以定量地将硅钼黄还原为硅钼蓝,通过测定硅钼蓝的吸光度,可间接测定硫离子的含量,从而建立了硅钼蓝分光光度法测定水中硫的新方法。论文详细探讨了硅钼蓝分光光度法测定硫离子的各种影响因素。结果表明,显色体系的最大吸收波长为730nm,硫离子质量浓度在0.4000~8.000μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律,线性相关系数γ=0.9996。方法用于测定河水、山泉水、井水、温泉水中硫离子的含量,标准加入回收率分别为97.5%~105.0%、97.1%~101.0%、95.8%~96.7%、101.4%~102.1%。     

铁(Ⅲ)-硫氰酸钾体系褪色光度法测定硫普罗宁含量

酸性介质中,铁(Ⅲ)与硫氰酸钾生成最大吸收波长为445nm的血红色配合物,加入的硫普罗宁将溶液中的Fe(Ⅲ)还原为Fe(Ⅱ),导致溶液吸光度减小。测定配合物溶液与硫普罗宁反应前后的吸光度记为A0、A,吸光度变化值ΔA=A0-A。结果表明,加入的硫普罗宁浓度c(x/mg·m L~(-1))在0~0.14 mg·m L~(-1)范围内,与ΔA(y)有良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为y=0.8149x+0.0006,线性相关系数r=0.9997。方法用于硫普罗宁肠溶片中硫普罗宁含量的测定,结果与国家药品标准测定结果相近,有一定的应用价值。     

磷钼杂多酸光度法测定药物中对乙酰氨基酚含量

在H2SO4介质中,由H2PO-4与Mo7O6-24反应生成的磷钼杂多酸可以被对乙酰氨基酚定量地还原为最大吸收波长717nm的磷钼蓝,通过测定磷钼蓝的吸光度可间接测定对乙酰氨基酚的含量,据此建立了磷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定对乙酰氨基酚的方法。对乙酰氨基酚在0.004 000～0.040 00mg/mL范围内与A呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为A=0.044 9+24.689c (mg/mL),线性相关系数r=0.999 7。方法用于药物中对乙酰氨基酚的含量测定,结果与药典法一致。     

一种简便廉价的谷胱甘肽测定法

报道了一种快速、简便和廉价的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量测定的新方法。利用GSH的还原性将磷钼杂多酸还原成磷钼杂多蓝,在710 nm最大吸收波长处测其吸光度,吸光度与GSH的浓度在3.3×10-7-1.3×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.9982,方法检测限为1.6×10-7mol·L-1,相对标准偏差RSD=1.1％(n=6),回收率为97.1％～103.5％。该法应用于药品中GSH含量的直接测定,结果满意。     

磷钼黄分光光度法测定过氧化氢中磷含量

研究采用磷钼黄分光光度法测定过氧化氢中磷含量。在硝酸介质中,磷酸根离子可以和钒酸根离子以及钼酸根离子作用生成可溶性的黄色配合物（P2O5·V2O5·22MoO3·nH2O）,在460nm波长处测量吸光度,结果表明磷含量在0．50～30μg／mL范围内时,磷含量与吸光度呈线性关系,线性回归方程是y=44．037x-0．0084,相关系数为0．9999,检出限为0．50μg／mL。     

分光光度法测定工厂废酸液中的磷含量

研究了钒钼黄比色法测定工厂废酸液中的磷含量。用钒钼酸铵作显色剂,在波长400 nm处测得磷标准系列溶液的吸光度,吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.999 9。该方法应用于实际样品的测定,相对标准偏差RSD<0.5%,结果令人满意。     

复合肥中氮、磷含量的快速测定

由于分析滞后,使硫基复合肥产品质量无法保证。采用分光光度计用比色法在30min内即可分析出N、P2O5含量,氮利用碘化汞和碘化钾的碱性溶液与铵态氮反应生成淡红棕色胶态化合物,在420nm波长处测定吸光度;P2O5利用磷与钼酸盐及偏钒酸盐形成稳定的黄色络合物在400nm波长处,测定吸光度,本文详细介绍了方法原理与实验步骤。此法只适用于中控分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。