煅烧温度对V2O5-WO3-TiO2体系SCR脱硝催化剂耐磨损性能影响研究

选用市场上常见的18×18孔蜂窝式SCR脱硝催化剂干燥样品,经过不同温度煅烧后,测试其磨损率。结果表明煅烧温度越高,催化剂耐磨损性能表现越好。同时研究了煅烧温度对催化剂比表面积(BET)的影响,温度过高会导致催化剂烧结,BET下降。煅烧温度在540-650℃范围内,对脱硝催化剂的脱硝效率无明显影响。     

蜂窝式催化剂与平板式催化剂的运行现状分析

本文通过综合对比分析蜂窝式催化剂与平板式催化剂在脱硝中的脱硝效果,包括脱硝效率、氨逃逸、SO_2/SO_3转化率与系统阻力等参数,发现平板式催化剂更适用于燃用高灰分燃煤机组,并且对氨逃逸控制更好。针对燃煤电厂的催化剂选型以及电厂可能存在的催化剂堵塞、流场不均等问题提出了可行性建议。     

水泥窑烟气大孔高强脱硝催化剂的研究及应用

为提高脱硝催化剂在水泥窑高含尘烟气中抗堵塞和抗磨损的能力,设计出大孔高强脱硝催化剂.以钛白粉为载体,黏土和玻璃纤维为增强剂,采用挤出成型法制备了脱硝催化剂,考察了黏土和玻璃纤维的用量、煅烧温度对其机械强度的影响,并评价成品催化剂的脱硝性能.结果表明:黏土用量为钛白粉质量的3％,玻璃纤维用量为钛白粉的7％,煅烧温度580...     

磁性铁基氧化物SCR脱硝催化剂的改性研究

为获得脱硝性能良好的铁基催化剂,采用微波辅助柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法一步制备新型磁性铁基SCR脱硝催化剂,考察铈钨助剂对其SCR脱硝性能的优化,并研究了煅烧温度和柠檬酸添加量对催化剂脱硝性能的影响。结果表明:微波辅助柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法可快速得到新型磁性铁铈钨复合氧化物催化剂;铈掺杂可提高催化剂SCR脱硝性能,当铈掺杂摩尔比由0.05增至0.20,催化剂脱硝效率先增大后减小;钨掺杂也可提高催化剂SCR脱硝性能,随着钨掺杂摩尔比由0.025增至0.10,催化剂脱硝效率先升高后降低;合适的铈、钨掺杂摩尔比为n(Fe)∶n(Ce)∶n(W)=0.85∶0.10∶0.05。当煅烧温度由400℃升至600℃或柠檬酸/金属阳离子摩尔比由0.25增至0.10时,Fe_(0.85)Ce_(0.10)W_(0.05)Oz催化剂脱硝效率均先增大后减小,合适的煅烧温度与柠檬酸/金属阳离子摩尔比分别为500℃和0.50。     

煅烧温度对Mo-Mn/TiO2催化剂脱硝脱汞活性的影响

研究了浸渍法制备Mo-Mn/TiO₂（MMT）催化剂过程中煅烧温度（300℃、450℃、600℃、750℃）对Mo-Mn/TiO₂（MMT）催化剂协同脱硝脱汞活性的影响。结果表明,较低的煅烧温度更有利于MMT催化剂的协同脱硝脱汞性能,同时可有效降低SO₂对催化剂活性的抑制作用,最佳煅烧温度为300℃。利用BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、FTIR和XPS等表征手段对催化剂的理化性质进行了表征,结果表明较低的煅烧温度有利于提高催化剂中活性成分所占的比例,增加金属氧化物在TiO₂载体表面的分散度,提高催化剂的低温还原性能。随着煅烧温度的升高,催化剂的比表面积和孔容均逐渐减小,平均孔径先增大后减小,且在高温下发生烧结;MnO₂逐渐向Mn₂O₃转变,锐钛矿型TiO₂逐渐向金红石型转变,同时MoO₃由非晶态逐渐向晶态的转化,致使催化剂的协同脱硝脱汞活性下降。     

粉煤灰-凹凸棒石为载体锰基催化剂低温脱硝性能研究

介绍以粉煤灰-凹凸棒石为复合载体、载入过渡金属Mn为活性成分制得MnxOy/FA-PG催化剂的过程。考察制备方法、前驱体、煅烧温度、负载量及粒径大小等因素对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,并通过BET、XRD和SEM等对催化剂进行表征试验。结果表明：以沉淀法与等体积浸渍法制备的Mn（x）/FA-PG催化剂在低温下的活性相差不大;以Mn（NO3）2为前驱体通过浸渍法制得的MnxOy/FA-PG催化剂在低温条件下活性明显优于Mn（CH3COO）2;煅烧温度对催化剂活性影响很大,当煅烧温度在400℃,煅烧时间3 h时,在100℃脱硝率即可达到90%以上;当粒径为0.38～0.83 mm时,催化剂的活性最佳。     

V/CGS低温NH_3-SCR催化剂的制备及性能研究

以煤气化渣(CGS)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法负载1%的钒制备V/CGS催化剂。考察了煅烧温度、预氧化温度对催化剂脱硝活性的影响。经活性评价发现,500℃煅烧、250℃预氧化后的催化剂低温脱硝活性最佳。此外,还考察了空速、SO2体积分数对V/CGS催化剂脱硝活性的影响。通过XRD、XPS、H2-TPR以及物理吸附等方法对催化剂结构进行表征。结果表明,V/CGS催化剂中钒主要以V5+状态存在,经预氧化后V5+含量相对增加8%,促进了催化剂的脱硝活性。另外,在SCR反应过程中,低浓度SO2对V/CGS催化剂脱硝具有促进作用。     

矿物材料的添加对V-Mo/Ti平板式脱硝催化剂性能的影响

为增强V-Mo/Ti平板式脱硝催化剂的耐磨强度,在催化剂制备过程中添加矿物材料作为粘结剂。采用XRD、N_2-吸附脱附、SEM、H_2-TPR、拉曼光谱、XPS、NH_3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,3种矿物材料的添加均能有效提升催化剂的耐磨强度。凹凸棒土和硅藻土可以增加催化剂的比表面积,提升催化剂的还原性能,海泡石则与之相反。此外,添加矿物材料后,催化剂的酸性有不同程度的降低。3种矿物材料中,凹凸棒土对催化剂机械性能、脱硝性能均有提升作用,是合适的工业平板式脱硝催化剂粘结剂。     

Mn/ZIF-67复合催化剂低温协同催化还原NOx的研究

考察了溶剂热、浸渍-溶剂热法合成ZIF-67和Mn/ZIF-67催化剂的NH₃-SCR脱硝性能,结果发现,Mn和ZIF-67的相互作用不仅拓宽了Mn/ZIF-67催化剂的低温窗口,而且提高了其低温催化活性,该催化剂在100～200℃的脱硝效率大于98%。同时考察了煅烧时间和煅烧温度对Mn/ZIF-67催化剂脱硝活性的影响,得到最佳煅烧时间为3 h、煅烧温度为350℃。XRD、SEM、BET、NO_x-TPD、XPS、NH₃-TPD等表征结果表明,Mn/ZIF-67催化剂形成的CoMn₂O_4.5增大了催化剂的比表面积,产生的双金属协同效应增加了表面氧物种和活性酸位点,加速了NH₃、NO、NO₂反应气体的吸附,进而提高了催化剂的低温脱硝活性。     

矿物材料的添加对V-Mo/Ti平板式脱硝催化剂性能的影响

为增强V-Mo/Ti平板式脱硝催化剂的耐磨强度,在催化剂制备过程中添加矿物材料作为粘结剂。采用XRD、N_2-吸附脱附、SEM、H_2-TPR、拉曼光谱、XPS、NH_3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,3种矿物材料的添加均能有效提升催化剂的耐磨强度。凹凸棒土和硅藻土可以增加催化剂的比表面积,提升催化剂的还原性能,海泡石则与之相反。此外,添加矿物材料后,催化剂的酸性有不同程度的降低。3种矿物材料中,凹凸棒土对催化剂机械性能、脱硝性能均有提升作用,是合适的工业平板式脱硝催化剂粘结剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.