Al2O3—TiC—Co新型复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为

对于钴包覆陶瓷粉末热压烧结的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ新型复合材料力学性能和断裂行为进行了研究。结果表明，Ｃｏ在基体中以金属相存在，分布于晶界的金属钴的存在能有效地改善Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ材料的力学性能，影响其断裂行为。     

铝基复合材料的制备和组织分析

讨论在制备复合材料过程中颗粒与金属基体之间的润湿性，温度控制以及压力等因素对制备工艺的影响，并结合Al／Si复合材料压力熔渗法制备工艺，通过理论计算与实际实验相结合，确定了合理的制备工艺参数，采用该工艺参数制备的复合材料内部自由孔隙和硅颗粒的分布均匀，基体中的共晶组织可依附在颗粒表面形核生长；同时研究了Al／Si复合材料的特性和断裂行为，通过显微组织分析和断口观察表明，复合材料的断裂行为主要是由于硅颗粒的脆裂性而引起的，并且由此向材料内部延伸最后导致复合材料断裂失效。     

h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料的断裂行为及断裂韧性

以亚微米级α-Si3N4和h-BN粉末为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3为助烧剂,采用热压烧结制备了h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料.研究3h-BN含量对h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料断裂韧性及其断裂行为的影响.结果表明:随着h-BN含量增加,柱状β-Si3N4晶粒的直径和长径比均下降;未加h-BN时,β-Si3N4陶瓷以沿晶断裂为主,添加体积含量为6%和8%的h-BN后,复合材料出现明显的沿晶和穿晶断裂,而添加10%h-BN的陶瓷复合材料则以沿晶断裂为主.随着h-BN含量增加,h-BN/Si3N4陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性下降,但由于h-BN颗粒对裂纹扩展的影响,因而其下降程度不大.     

莫来石基陶瓷中柱状晶粒的断裂分析

本文制得了莫来石／莫来石（柱状）、ZTM／莫来石（柱状）类似于晶须增韧复合陶瓷显微结构的莫来石基陶瓷,并对柱状莫来石的断裂进行了研究和分析．莫来石柱状晶粒具有较高的强度,它的生长发育使材料的断裂由穿晶断裂为主变为穿晶、沿晶的混合型断裂,在断口中可观察到柱状莫来石的拔出现象;ZTM中ZrO₂相交在基体中产生压应力,增加了柱状莫来石和基体的界面结合力;使住状晶粒的界面解高困难,柱状莫来石的拔出效果减少,并且在高m－ZrO₂含量的材料中尤为显著．     

2D-SiC/SiC复合材料拉伸加卸载行为

为了研究国产2D-SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸损伤行为以及低周循环载荷作用下的力学性能,通过试验和建立加卸载细观力学模型,对其拉伸加卸载行为进行了探讨。建立了单向连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料加卸载细观力学模型,得到了初始加载、卸载和重新加载时的应力-应变关系;利用断裂统计方法得到了基体裂纹数随应力变化的关系和复合材料失效判断条件。经过应力转化,将该模型应用于国产二维编织SiC/SiC复合材料。对单向加载试件,采用正交试验方法和最小二乘法得到基体Weibull模量和界面剪切阻力,通过控制材料失效强度与试验结果一致,得到纤维Weibull模量。由上述参数确定的2D-SiC/SiC复合材料拉伸循环加卸载应力-应变曲线与实测曲线吻合很好。通过Matlab编程得到2D-SiC/SiC复合材料单向加载时基体开裂过程图。结果表明,2D-SiC/SiC复合材料失效时,基体裂纹分布相对比较均匀;基体裂纹数随应力单调增加,未出现持平段,表明材料失效时,基体裂纹还没有达到饱和。     

亚微米级Al2O3P/6061Al 复合材料的断裂行为

本文通过对亚微米级Al₂O₃P/6061A l 复合材料的SEM 的动态拉伸观察, 研究了该材料的微观断裂行为及其与宏观力学性能的关系, 定量地描述了亚微米级Al₂O₃P/6061A l 复合材料的断裂过程, 并讨论了该种复合材料的断裂机制。      

多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能试验

基于水泥基材料多尺度的结构特征及破坏过程,设计了一种由钢纤维、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维以及碳酸钙晶须构成的多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料（MSFRCC）,研究了其抗压强度、抗弯强度、弯曲韧性、多缝开裂形态以及断裂过程等基本力学性能。结果表明：基体材料的强度和韧性均得到了显著提高;MSFRCC在弯曲荷载作用下表现出了硬化行为和多缝开裂模式。扫描电子显微镜和断裂试验结果证实了多尺度纤维在水泥基复合材料破坏过程中发挥了多尺度阻裂作用。研究认为：通过对纤维进行多尺度组合设计,可以显著改善水泥基复合材料的韧性,廉价的碳酸钙晶须可以适量取代钢纤维和PVA纤维。     

高阻尼木质陶瓷/MB15复合材料的制备及性能分析

由于高阻尼材料在防震减噪结构中有广泛的应用,为了获得阻尼性能和力学性能俱佳的材料,以木质陶瓷为浸渍载体用高温浸渍设备制备了木质陶瓷/MB15(以下简写为WCMs/MB15)复合材料,并对其微观结构、力学性能以及阻尼行为进行了研究。结果表明,WCMs/MB15复合材料浸渍效果良好,组织均匀且三维网络互穿结构明显,各项力学性能指标均明显提高。断口分析表明断裂机制为混合断裂。同时,复合材料的阻尼性能在木质陶瓷的基础上进一步改善并且随温度的升高而增加,随频率的增加而降低。组成相的阻尼以及位错阻尼可能是复合材料的室温阻尼机制,而高温阻尼机制以界面阻尼为主。     

原位合成TiB2-TiC陶瓷基复合材料

分析了TiB2-TiC陶瓷基复合材料的原位生成机理,利用普通的热压烧结设备,以TiH2-B4C为原料原位合成了高性能的TiB-TiC陶瓷基复合材料。TEM和X射线衍射的研究结果表明：原位合成的复合材料中的TiB2为长柱状的显微形貌,从而提高了材料的断裂韧性。     

放电等离子快速烧结SiC晶须增强Si3N4BN层状复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）快速烧结了SiC晶须增强的Si3N4/BN层状复合材料。利用SPS技术，在烧结温度为1650℃，保温15min的条件下，材料的密度可达3．18g/cm^3, 抗弯强度高达600MPa，断裂功达到3500J/m^2。研究表明；特殊的层状结构，SiC晶须的拔出与折断是材料断裂功提高的主要原因。X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜研究表明：α-Si3N4已经在短短的烧结过程中全部转变成长柱状的β-Si3N4，并且长柱状的β-Si3N4和SiC晶须具有明显的织构。     

Fracture Behavior of Alumina-based Prismatic Ceramic Composites

The fracture toughness and fracture work of A12O3/SiC prismatic ceramic composites was evaluated in this paper, which showed the fracture energy was improved greatly. Based on the observation for crack propagation and fracture morphology, the fracture behavior of the prismatic composites was analyzed. In the bending test, the composites displayed a non-catastrophic behavior and a graceful failure with reasonable load-carrying capability.     

不同界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂行为研究

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiC/SiC)是极具前景的高温结构材料。通过先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺分别制备了PyC界面和CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料, 对两种SiC/SiC复合材料的整体力学性能以及界面剪切强度等进行了测试表征, 并对材料中裂纹的产生与扩展进行了原位观测。结果表明, 两种界面SiC/SiC复合材料弯曲强度相近, 但PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料的断裂韧性约为CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料的两倍。在PyC界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹沿纤维-基体界面扩展, PyC涂层能够偏转或阻止裂纹, 材料呈现伪塑性断裂特征; 而在CNTs界面SiC/SiC复合材料中, 裂纹在扩展路径上遇到界面并不偏转, 初始裂纹最终发展为主裂纹, 材料呈现脆性断裂模式。     

Fracture behaviour at elevated temperatures of alumina matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers

Creep tests were performed on alumina matrix composites containing 9.3,18 and 30 vol % of SiC whiskers. Careful examination after failure showed that the fracture characteristics were dependent upon the microstructure of the material. Whisker pullouts were visible at the fracture surfaces of the composites with 30 and 18 vol % of SiC whiskers due to preferential debonding at the whisker-matrix interfaces, and these composites also developed crack networks due to the propagation of cracks along whisker-free channels between whisker agglomerates. No whisker pullouts or crack networks were visible in the composite with 9.3 vol % of SiC whiskers where the whisker distribution was reasonably uniform.     

由聚碳硅烷生成纳米SiC颗粒增强B4C基复相陶瓷的结构与性能

制备了由聚碳硅烷（PCS）为先驱体裂解形成的纳米SiC增强的B4C基复合材料，并与直接球磨混合法制备的纳米SiC增强的B4C基复合材料进行了对比研究。实验结果表明，先驱体法制备的复合材料形成一种复杂的晶内/晶间结构；B4C内部的纳米SiC和Al2O3内部的少量纳米SiC、晶界处的层片状SiC、B4C晶粒内部的SiC亚晶界结构。材料的断裂方式以穿晶断裂为主，形成晶内裂纹扩展路径，增强了材料的韧性，采用PCS为先驱体工艺制备高性能的纳米复相陶瓷，其组织均匀性、致密度和力学性能均优于直接机械混合制备的纳米复合材料。     

Perovskite-type BaTiO3 ceramics containing particulate SiC: Part II Microstructure and mechanical properties

Microstructure and mechanical properties of BaTiO3 and BaTiO3-based composites containing nanosized SiC particulates were investigated. Fracture behaviour and fractography were also discussed from the fracture surface observation by scanning electron microscopy and by the controlled surface flaw method. The added SiC particulates were uniformly distributed within the matrix BaTiO3 grains, with some larger particulates located at the BaTiO3 grain boundaries. The microstructure of BaTiO3 was modified by incorporation of the SiC particulate. Mechanical properties, particularly the fracture strength, were remarkably improved by adding the SiC particulate, owing to grain-size reduction and/or crystal structure change by incorporating the SiC. From the fracture surface observations, it was confirmed that the subcritical crack growth phenomenon of BaTiO3 was also improved by the nanosized SiC dispersions.     

由聚碳硅烷生成纳米SiC颗粒增强B4C基复相陶瓷的结构与性能

制备了由聚碳硅烷（PCS）为先驱体裂解形成的纳米SiC增强的B₄C基复合材料,并与直接球磨混合法制备的纳米SiC增强的B₄C基复合材料进行了对比研究.实验结果表明,先驱体法制备的复合材料形成一种复杂的晶内/晶间结构;B₄C内部的纳米SiC和Al₂O₃内部的少量纳米SiC、晶界处的层片状SiC、B₄C晶粒内部的SiC亚晶界结构.材料的断裂方式以穿晶断裂为主,形成晶内裂纹扩展路径,增强了材料的韧性.采用PCS为先驱体工艺制备高性能的纳米复相陶瓷,其组织均匀性、致密度和力学性能均优于直接机械混合制备的纳米复合材料.     

Experimental evidence of crack tip shielding mechanisms in quasi-brittle materials

To gain insight into the shielding processes in quasi-brittle materials, in situ crack propagation and crack profile measurements were performed inside the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Crack tip shielding phenomena were studied in monolithic alumina and in SiC fibre-reinforced alumina matrix composites as a function of fibre coatings. The crack in the fibre-reinforced composite samples is bridged by a row of fibres which contains a fibre area fraction of 10%. The applied stress intensity factor necessary to extend the crack in the composite materials increased 25% for the gold coated fibre-reinforced alumina matrix composites and 13% for the polymer-coated fibre-reinforced composites, compared to the monolithic samples. Crack extension in the monolithic samples and in the fibre-reinforced composites occurred after the crack opening displacements close to the crack tip approached the critical crack tip profile corresponding to the intrinsic toughness of alumina. A hypothesis on the effect of closure stresses on crack profile shape and net toughness has been developed. Furthermore, crack profiles revealed that grain bridging in the vicinity of the fibres was operative in the fibre-reinforced composites at stress intensity factors far exceeding the critical stress intensity factor of the monolithic matrix material. The additional grain bridging in the vicinity of the fibres has never been reported and can only be revealed through crack profile measurements. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Instrumented and Vickers Indentation for the Characterization of Stiffness,Hardness and Toughness of Zirconia Toughened Al_2O_3 and SiC Armor

Instrumented and Vickers indentation testing and microstructure analysis were used to investigate zirconia toughened alumina(ZTA) and silicon carbide(SiC).Several equations were studied to relate the Vickers indentation hardness,Young's modulus and crack behavior to the fracture toughness.The fracture in SiC is unstable and occurs primarily by cleavage leading to a relatively low toughness of 3 MPa m~(1/2),which may be inappropriate for multi-hit capability.ZTA absorbs energy by plastic deformation,pore collapse,crack deviation and crack bridging and exhibits time dependent creep.With a relatively high toughness around 6.6 MPa m~(1/2),ZTA is promising for multi-hit capability.The higher accuracy of mediar equations in calculating the indentation fracture toughness and the relatively high c/a ratios above 2.5suggest median type cracking for both SiC and ZTA.The Young's modulus of both ceramics was most accurately measured at lower indentation loads of about 0.5 kgf,while more accurate hardness and fracture toughness values were obtained at intermediate and at higher indentation loads beyond 5 kgf respectively.A strong indentation size effect(ISE) was observed in both materials.The load independent hardness of SiC is 2563 HV,putting it far above the standard armor hardness requirement of 1500 HV that is barely met by ZTA.     

rGO/SiC复合材料的制备与性能研究

碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷具有优异的力学性能, 但是其断裂韧性相对较低。石墨烯的引入有望解决碳化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性较低的问题。本研究采用热压烧结工艺, 制备了具有不同还原-氧化石墨烯(rGO)掺入量的SiC复合材料。经过2050℃保温、40 MPa保压1 h后, 所制备的复合材料均烧结致密。对复合材料中rGO的掺入量、微观结构和力学性能的相互关系进行分析和讨论。加入4wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到564 MPa, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了6%; 断裂韧性达到4.02 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了54%。加入6wt%的rGO后, 复合材料的三点抗弯强度达到420 MPa, 略低于热压SiC陶瓷, 但其断裂韧性达到4.56 MPa•m^1/2, 比热压SiC陶瓷提高了75%。裂纹扩展微观结果显示, 主要增韧机理有裂纹偏转、裂纹桥连和rGO片的拔出。     

Thermal shock behavior of nano-sized SiC particulate reinforced AlON composites

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been considered as a potential ceramic material for high-performance structural and advanced refractory applications. Thermal shock resistance is a major concern and an important performance index of high-temperature ceramics. While silicon carbide (SiC) particles have been proven to improve mechanical properties of AlON ceramic, the high-temperature thermal shock behavior was unknown. The aim of this investigation was to identify the thermal shock resistance and underlying mechanisms of AlON ceramic and 8 wt% SiC–AlON composites over a temperature range between 175 °C and 275 °C. The residual strength and Young's modulus after thermal shock decreased with increasing quenching temperature and thermal shock times due to large temperature gradients and thermal stresses caused by abrupt water-quenching. A linear relationship between the residual strength and thermal shock times was observed in both pure AlON and SiC–AlON composites. The addition of nano-sized SiC particles increased both residual strength and critical temperature from 200 °C in the monolithic AlON to 225 °C in the SiC–AlON composites due to the toughening effect, the lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity of SiC. The enhancement of the thermal shock resistance in the SiC–AlON composites was directly related to the change of fracture mode from intergranular cracking along with cleavage-type fracture in the AlON to a rougher fracture surface with ridge-like characteristics, crack deflection, and crack branching in the SiC–AlON composites.