硫酸钙晶须的表面改性研究现状

论述了偶联剂、表面活性剂和复合改性剂对硫酸钙晶须表面改性方法及改性机理的研究现状。硫酸钙晶须改性主要是利用改性剂与晶须表面存在的羟基、硫酸钙等发生反应,改变晶须在基体中的分散性、相容性和粘合强度等,从而使晶须达到较好的改性和应用效果。     

硫酸钙晶须制备过程中的表面改性研究

为了获得疏水性好的高品质硫酸钙晶须,以硬脂酸钠为表面改性剂对硫酸钙晶须在制备过程中的表面改性进行研究,考察硬脂酸钠的加入方式对硫酸钙晶须晶体生长及表面改性效果的影响。结果表明:在晶须生长之前,如果硬脂酸钠的质量分数大于0.02%,将导致硫酸钙晶体呈块状,长径比较小;晶须生长之后加入硬脂酸钠,能得到长径比较大的硫酸钙晶须产品;随着硬脂酸钠用量的增大,硫酸钙晶须的活化指数增大,改性效果更好;水热合成反应前、后加入改性剂硬脂酸钠对硫酸钙晶须产品的改性效果影响不大。     

复合改性剂对硫酸钙晶须的表面改性及溶解抑制研究

设计了一种LZ复合表面改性剂,旨在抑制硫酸钙晶须的溶解,提高其留着率。考察了不同因素对硫酸钙晶须留着率的影响,得出了最佳改性条件,使晶须留着率由60.50%提高为93.67%。对改性前后硫酸钙晶须的表面性质进行IR表征及SEM观察,结果表明晶须表面发生了多层包覆与吸附,在此基础上建立了改性模型。     

硫酸钙晶须改性聚氨酯环氧树脂的粘接性能

使用硫酸钙晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂进行改性,研究改性前后、改性条件、晶须长度及晶须加入量对聚氨酯环氧树脂粘接性能的影响,并分析了晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂的改性机制。实验结果表明,晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂的改性机制为裂纹在晶须/基体界面处发生偏转,从而阻碍了裂纹的扩展。当使用长度较短、经有机化处理后的晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂进行改性时,可使改性后的聚氨酯环氧树脂对LY12铝合金的粘结强度得到较大提高,其室温剥离强度提高27%,100℃及-70℃剪切强度分别提高了39%和10%,晶须对聚氨酯环氧树脂高温性能的改善尤为明显。      

硫酸钙晶须改性氟橡胶复合材料的热稳定性

采用热分析技术研究了在氮气气氛中硫酸钙晶须(CSW)/氟橡胶(FPM)复合材料的非等温热分解行为及其动力学, 并与无水硫酸钙(ACS)/氟橡胶(FPM)复合材料进行了对比。通过Kissinger法和Ozawa法分别计算出其热分解活化能, 且结果相近。结果表明: Kissinger法计算的CSW/FPM复合材料的热分解活化能为203.33 kJ·mol-1, 高于ACS/FPM复合材料的热分解活化能(174.74 kJ·mol-1), 具有较高的热稳定性; 热分解反应级数约为1级。随着失重率的增大, 热分解活化能增大。      

硫酸钙晶须的研究现状及进展

根据制备原料的不同,对目前硫酸钙晶须的制备方法进行阐述,并介绍了硫酸钙晶须在复合材料、水处理等领域的应用,从而提出了硫酸钙晶须在制备、应用等方面的未来发展方向。     

双马来酰亚胺树脂及硫酸钙晶须改性复合材料的摩擦学性能

对双马来酰亚胺树脂及硫酸钙晶须改性体系的摩擦学性能进行了表征,应用硅烷对硫酸钙晶须进行表面改性,考察了不同偶联剂及不同的晶须添加量对硫酸钙晶须改性双马来酰亚胺树脂的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用SEM对材料的磨损机理进行了分析.研究发现,硅烷KH-550对硫酸钙晶须的表面处理效果良好,应用KH-550处理的硫酸钙晶须对双马来酰亚胺树脂的耐磨性能具有明显的改善作用.     

硫酸钙晶须制备机理及技术研究进展

硫酸钙晶须作为一种新型无机材料在建材、医药、塑料、橡胶等行业都具有广阔的应用前景。结合本课题组在硫酸钙晶须材料研究领域的工作,总结了近年来硫酸钙晶须材料的研究进展,主要介绍了硫酸钙晶体的几种形态以及水分子在硫酸钙晶体中的存在形态;探讨了硫酸钙晶须的制备机理;分析了硫酸钙晶须的制备技术及其结晶过程中的各种影响因素,最后总结分析了该领域的发展趋势和急需解决的问题。     

丙烯酸改性氢氧化镁晶须的制备及研究

以MgCl2·6H2O为原料,氨水和氢氧化钠为混合沉淀剂,丙烯酸为表面改性剂,制备了高纯度的纤维状纳米氢氧化镁晶须.研究了丙烯酸的加入量,反应温度及氢氧化钠溶液的浓度对产物分散性、结晶及产率的影响,同时对产物进行SEM,TEM以及XRD分析.结果表明:控制氯化镁浓度为2mol/L,氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为2.2mol/L,丙烯酸的添加量为3%(质量分数),反应温度为10℃,在此条件下,制备出了长度在50～150nm,直径在8～15nm的高纯纳米氢氧化镁晶须.     

硫酸钙晶须催化合成一缩二乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯*

以一缩二乙二醇和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为主要原料,酯交换合成一缩二乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯.硫酸钙晶须对合成一缩二乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯具有高效催化作用,而半水和无水硫酸钙均没有催化活性.考察了甲基丙烯酸甲酯与一缩二乙二醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量等因素对收率的影响,得出了最佳反应条件:n(甲基丙烯酸甲酯);n(一缩二乙二醇)=3.5:1,反应温度为回流温度,催化剂硫酸钙晶须、阻聚剂氮氧自由基加入量分别为一缩二乙二醇质量的3%、0.1%.在此条件下合成的一缩二乙二醇双甲基丙烯酸酯的收率大于96.3%,纯度达97%.     

Surface modification of calcium metaphosphate fibers

-calcium metaphosphate fibers having high aspect ratios of 10–120 with diameters of 2–10 m show high strength and good biocompatibility. When the fibers are soaked in simulated body fluid at 37 °C, however, no calcium phosphate phase is newly formed on the fibers. In the present work, by treating the fibers at 70 °C with dilute NaOH aqueous solution, the surface phase was converted successfully into the orthophosphate phase that was in fine sizes and was adhered. After soaking the treated fibers in simulated body fluid at 37 °C for 30 days, a new calcium phosphate phase was precipitated. This was attributed to the surface phase modified using dilute NaOH. The treated fibers are expected to show bone-bonding ability, i.e. bioactivity. ©2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Surface modification of basic copper carbonate by mechanochemical processing with sulfur and ammonium sulfate

Mechanochemical phenomena including mechanical activation and direct reaction have been widely observed particularly from dry grinding operation and various applications of the phenomena have been reported in many fields of chemistry. A new approach was introduced here to trigger partial reaction by co-grinding samples with small addition of water/liquid to achieve the purpose of surface modification with new phase formed. As one example, basic copper carbonate was wet ground with elemental sulfur and appropriate additives such as ammonium sulfate to transform the surface chemical composition from oxide to sulfide. Physicochemical characterizations of the prepared samples were conducted by a set of analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopic analysis, SEM morphology analysis, Zeta potential and the dissolved copper concentration measurement. The beneficiation efficiency of the modified copper carbonate by a conventional froth flotation used usually for sulfide minerals was examined as a quantitative evaluation to optimize the experimental conditions for the modification operation. A metal yield over 80% was obtained easily after one step concentrating of the flotation operation, indicating that mechanochemically surface controlling concept may serve as a novel pathway to enrich and recycle carbonate-style nonferrous resources by applying the traditional mineral processing technology on the modified samples.     

Microstructure of nickel whiskers produced by the gas deposition method

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Surface modification by electron beams

An areal heat source can be generated by the line-shaped, high frequency scanning of an electron probe. Its use for tasks in the thermal modification of surfaces allows for an advantageous separation of the heating and cooling fronts. Moreover, the use of an elliptic distortion of the focal spot results in an enhanced throughput for penetration depths that greatly exceed the electron range. The application of this technique is explained by way of examples taken from the fields of microelectronics and the metalworking industries. Various aspects concerning the use of laser beams and electron beams for thermal surface modification are discussed.     

A modification of tape casting for aligning the whiskers

Tape casting was modified in order to align the silicon nitride whiskers in the silicon nitride slurry. Based on a simplified fluid dynamics model, it was understood that torque for aligning the whisker was increased by n² times by dividing the flow into n narrow ones. Samples with 3 wt % silicon nitride whiskers of a hexagonal crystal structure were prepared by using three different tape casting methods; conventional tape casting, tape casting modified by using an array of razor blades, and tape casting modified by using an array of sharpened pins. The razor blades of 13 mm in length were 5 mm apart from each other in the array, and the sharpened pins of 0.08 mm in diameter 0.7 mm apart from each other in the array. Samples were fully densified by gas pressure sintering. Both the sintering shrinkage anisotropy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the sample prepared by employing the pins had the best whisker alignment among the three samples.     

一种无机包覆钛酸钾晶须的新方法

利用乙酸乙酯作为均匀沉淀剂在钛酸钾晶须表面成功包覆了SiO2 无机层。利用SEM、FTIR、XRD、EDX等手段对钛酸钾晶须表面包覆层进行了表征和定量分析,并利用Zeta电位仪测试了包覆前后钛酸钾晶须的表面电荷情况。结果表明钛酸钾晶须表面形成了无机SiO2 层,并与晶须表面有一定的相互作用;包覆后晶须表面性质接近于SiO2,有助于钛酸钾晶须进一步表面偶联处理。     

Surface modification by electron beam glazing

Experiments were conducted with three common steels, namely AISI 1045, AISI 4150 and AISI 1090, using an electron beam as an energy source to provide rapid superficial surface fusion. Beam scanning velocities of 75–2592 cm s^-1 were used. Increasing the beam scan rate resulted in an increased hardness for scan rates of up to 1300 cm s^-1. This scan rate gives a calculated cooling rate in excess of 10⁷ °Cs^-1.Microhardness was used as a measure of the performance resulting from the rapid solidification rates obtained. The measured Vickers hardness was converted to and reported as the Rockwell C scale hardness.The fused layer appears as a metastable solid solution with a fine precipitate associated with the overlap of fused paths. The Vickers hardness was found to be significantly harder (1100 HV compared with 700 HV) than that of the same materials treated by a conventional quench. The treated layer also appears to have good fracture toughness in that adjacent and superimposed hardness indentations and those near an edge did not induce cracking.Post-fusion thermal treatments at 200 and 590 °C and a complete quench and temper all resulted in a lower measured hardness.