钴掺杂对氧化物燃料电池电解质Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(1.9)性能的影响(英文)

采用共沉淀法制备了细的Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9(YDC)粉末,并将其应用于钴掺杂的YDC电解质材料。研究了钴元素对材料烧结性能和电性能的影响。结果表明,钴元素显著增加了材料的密度(烧结温度在1000℃时,其密度超过理论密度的98%)和电导率(750℃时0.99S/m),同时还发现小于1μm尺寸的晶粒具有高的电导率。     

尿素低温燃烧法合成Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质粉末及烧结性能

采用以尿素为燃料的低温燃烧法一步合成了电解质粉末Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(GDC),通过XRD、TGDSC、BET、FESEM等手段对合成粉体进行了物相测定、热分析、比表面积测定和形貌观察,并考察了粉体的烧结性能。结果表明,尿素-硝酸盐干凝胶自蔓延燃烧点火温度约为279.0℃。通过工艺参数的有效设计,经过低温燃烧过程即可直接得到立方萤石结构的纯相GDC粉体,该粉体为粒径在20~60nm的类球形颗粒,粒子间虽有微弱的软团聚,却具有较高的烧结活性,在1 300℃仅需烧结2h即可达到95.2%的相对密度。该温度比固相法制备该粉体的烧结温度至少降低300℃。     

低温燃烧合成制备Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9电解质

以柠檬酸为还原剂,以硝酸盐为氧化剂,使用溶胶-凝胶低温燃烧工艺制备Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9纳米粉体,研究了溶液的凝胶化和硝酸盐与柠檬酸的摩尔比对粉体的微观结构及烧结性能的影响.结果表明:柠檬酸(CA)与金属离子(Mn )的摩尔比(nCA/nn M)和溶液的pH值决定了金属离子的络合,柠檬酸与金属离子的络合物通过氢键凝胶化.当燃烧反应中硝酸盐与柠檬酸的比值为1.5时,粉体具有很好的成型和烧结性能.将素坯在1350 ℃保温4 h,得到的烧结体晶粒尺寸为0.46 μm,相对密度95%以上,700 ℃时的离子电导率为0.034 S·cm-1.     

共沉淀法合成La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ)及其性质的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的中温固体电解质La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(LSGM),并用DTA-TGA和X射线衍射仪分析了LSGM材料中钙钛矿相的形成过程,采用SEM、交流阻抗谱等检测技术对LSGM电解质的结构及性能进行了表征.XRD分析结果表明,1200℃烧结后,粉体开始形成钙钛矿结构,随温度的升高粉体中杂相含量越来越少,于1450℃时形成了单一的钙钛矿相结构.     

固体氧化物燃料电池Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_2电解质与Mn_(1.5)Co_(1.5)O_4的稳定性

本文面向管状固体氧化物燃料单电池串联中连接极与电解质界面稳定性展开研究,以氧化钐掺杂氧化铈(Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_2,SDC)和Mn_(1.5)Co_(1.5)O_4(MCO)为原料,采用XRD、SEM和EDS来表征、探讨了SDC和MCO两种材料在不同运行和制备温度下的化学稳定性和结构稳定性。研究结果表明,SDC和MCO两种材料具有良好的化学相容性。当烧结温度低于1000℃时,难以获得致密的复合材料,而当处理温度为1400℃时,由于热力学温度过高,将导致颗粒迅速长大。     

P(MMA-AN)的合成及其凝胶电解质的制备与性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯腈(AN)为单体,自由基引发聚合合成了聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈)[P(MMA-AN)]无规共聚物。采用红外光谱分析及元素分析法对共聚物的结构进行了表征。然后以此P(MMA-AN)无规共聚物为基体制备共聚物含量分别为30%、40%、50%(质量分数)的凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE)。采用交流阻抗法对其电性能进行表征。结果发现当MMA与AN投料比为1:3且共聚物在凝胶聚合物电解质中质量分数为30%时,GPE体系电导率达到最大值。     

纳米二氧化铈的低温水热一步法合成

在低温水热条件下,通过一步法合成了尺寸可控的二氧化铈纳米粒子.采用XRD和SEM对合成的样品进行表征.XRD结果表明,在三乙烯四胺(C6H18 N4)存在的条件下,通过水热法在80℃加热48h即可直接合成出二氧化铈纳米粒子,而无需将产物在高温下处理.SEM图显示,在80℃反应48h得到的二氧化铈为球形纳米颗粒,其平均粒径约为13nm.实验发现通过改变反应温度可以很容易地控制二氧化铈纳米粒子的粒径,其随着反应温度的升高而增大.由于整个反应过程可以在低温下完成,因而此合成方法具备实现工业化生产的潜力.     

溶胶-燃烧法制备Ce0.8 Gd0.2 O1.9及其性能

采用溶胶-燃烧法合成了Gd掺杂CeO2的Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(GDC)电解质粉末.研究了热处理温度对其相组成、颗粒大小、晶胞参数的影响.并对GDC烧结体的性能进行了研究.结果表明,溶胶一燃烧法可以成功制备出具有良好的烧结性的GDC电解质粉末,1500℃下得到的GDC烧结体的相对密度可以达到95%.电性能测试表明烧结体在中温范围内具有较高的氧离子电导率.     

MnOOH纳米棒的低温水热合成

以KMnO₄ 和N₄ (CH₂)₆为主要原料, 在130℃反应16h, 水热法制备了MnOOH纳米棒, 并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对产物进行了表征. 探索了KMnO₄ 和N₄ (CH₂)₆间的摩尔比以及反应温度对合成产物的影响. 实验结果表明:产物为具有单斜结构的MnOOH纯相, 形貌为棒状, 呈现单晶特性.     

Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)复合阴极的制备及其电化学性能

采用固相反应法合成中温固体氧化物燃料电池的Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)阴极粉末,经机械混合法制备出Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)复合阴极粉末。研究了不同煅烧温度得到粉末的晶体结构,判断得出Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)阴极粉末的最佳煅烧温度,表征了Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)和Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)之间的化学相容性。通过电化学工作站对Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)和Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)的电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明:Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)的最佳煅烧温度大约是1400℃,Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)阴极和Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质二者之间呈现出良好的化学相容性。Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)粉末的中位径(D_(50))约是8.034μm。Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质粉末的添加有效地降低了Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)的极化电阻。与Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)相比,Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)-Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)复合阴极的单电池在700℃时具有更高的功率密度。     

The Preparation and Sintering Behavior of Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2-d) Electrolyte and(NiO-CuO)/Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2-d) Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

正The co-pressing and co-firing processes are often used to prepare the anode-electrolyte half cells for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).To get a half cell without cracks,the sintering behavior of electrolyte and anode layers must be controlled carefully.In this work,the sintering behavior of     

(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2Zr_2O_7:A novel high-entropy ceramic with low thermal conductivity and sluggish grain growth rate

Fine grains and slow grain growth rate are beneficial to preventing the thermal stress-induced cracking and thermal conductivity increase of thermal barrier coatings.Inspired by the sluggish diffusion effect of high-entropy materials,a novel high-entropy(HE) rare-earth zirconate solid solution(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))2 Zr_2 O_7 was designed and successfully synthesized in this work.The as-synthesized(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2 Zr_2 O_7 is phase-pure with homogeneous rare-earth element distribution.The thermal conductivity of as-synthesized(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2 Zr_2 O_7 at room temperature is as low as 0.76 W m-1 K-1.Moreover,after being heated at 1500 ℃ for 1-18 h,the average grain size of(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2 Zr_2 O_7 only increases from 1.69 μm to 3.92 μm,while the average grain size of La_2Zr_2O_7 increases from 1.96 μm to 8.89 μm.Low thermal conductivity and sluggish grain growth rate indicate that high-entropy(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))_2Zr_2O_7 is suitable for application as a thermal barrier coating material and it may possess good thermal stress-induced cracking resistance.     

Sintering temperature, microstructure and resistivity of polycrystalline Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 as SOFC's electrolyte

In this work, near-completely soft-agglomerated Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 powders have been prepared. The pellets were formed and sintered at various sintering conditions of temperature and time. It was found that the sintering conditions have significant effects on the pellet resistivity. By the measurements with the DC four-probe method, it was found that the overall resistivity of the polycrystalline Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 material sintered at 1500°C increases linearly with the reciprocal of the average grain size. The AC impedance spectroscopy has been used to distinguish the grain resistivity and the apparent grain boundary resistivity. The brick layer microstructural model has been used to provide an estimate of the apparent grain boundary resistivity and to relate the electrical properties to the microstructural parameters. By lowering the sintering temperature to 1100–1200°C, the true grain boundary resistivity was nearly two orders lower than that sintered at 1500°C, and thus the overall resistivity decreases to about 31 ohm-cm at 700°C measurement. This makes the Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9 material capable of working as SOFC's electrolyte at temperatures lower than 700°C.     

(La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))PO_4: A high-entropy rare-earth phosphate monazite ceramic with low thermal conductivity and good compatibility with Al_2O_3

Low thermal conductivity, matched thermal expansion coefficient and good compatibility are general requirements for the environmental/thermal barrier coatings(EBCs/TBCs) and interphases for Al_2O_3 f/Al_2O_3 composites. In this work, a novel high-entropy(HE) rare-earth phosphate monazite ceramic (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))PO_4 is designed and successfully synthesized. This new type of HE rare-earth phosphate monazite exhibits good chemical compatibility with Al_2O_3, without reaction with Al_2O_3 as high as 1600?C in air. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC) of HE (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))PO_4(8.9 × 10-6/?C at 300–1000?C) is close to that of Al_2O_3. The thermal conductivity of HE (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))PO_4 at room temperature is as low as 2.08 W·m-1·K-1, which is about 42% lower than that of La PO4. Good chemical compatibility, close TEC to that of Al_2O_3, and low thermal conductivity indicate that HE (La_(0.2)Ce_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2))PO_4 is suitable as a candidate EBC/TBC material and an interphase for Al_2O_3 f/Al_2O_3 composites.     

Co-precipitation synthesis and characterization of NiO-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 nanocomposite powders: effect of precipitation agents

NiO-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (NiO-SDC) nanocomposite powders applied as promising anode material for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were synthesized by hydroxide co-precipitation method using NH3 x H2O, NaOH and NH3 x H2O + NaOH as precipitation agents. The crystal phases, morphologies and sintering behavior of the synthesized NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and sintering experiments. The effect of precipitation agents on the synthesis of the NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders was discussed. Results show that different precipitation agents influence greatly the synthesis and characteristics of the NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders. The NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders synthesized with NH3 x H2O deviate from the original composition due to the loss of Ni. The loss of Ni is avoided and nano-sized NiO-SDC composite powders are synthesized, when NaOH and NH3 x H2O + NaOH are used as precipitation agents. The NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders can be synthesized at relatively low temperature using NH3 x H2O + NaOH as precipitation agent, and the synthesized NiO-SDC nanocomposite powders show good sintering characteristics.     

Novel wet-chemical synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline CeO2 and Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 as solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications

Novel wet-chemical methods of synthesis have been adopted to synthesize nano-crystalline CeO₂ and Gd-substituted compositions aiming to explore an efficient oxide ion conducting solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications. Nano-crystalline CeO₂ powders were synthesized by combustion method using redox mixture of cerric ammonium nitrate or cerium nitrate and maleic acid or 1,3-dimethylurea and compared with high surface area CeO₂ powders prepared by hydrothermal technique with microwave precipitated precursor from aqueous solutions of (NH₄)₂Ce(NO₃)₆ and urea. The grain size achieved by the hydrothermal technique is ∼7 nm which is smaller than that of commercial nano CeO₂ powders. Conventional or microwave sintering was used to prepare dense Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 pellets from the ceria powders made of redox mixture of cerium nitrate, 1,3-dimethylurea (DMU) and Gd₂O₃ as the starting ingredients. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ac impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity measured for the pellet sintered at 1400 °C is 1 × 10⁻² and 2.4 × 10⁻² S/cm at 700 °C and 800 °C respectively.     

湿法合成LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2及其性能表征

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2是极为看好的下一代锂离子电池正极材料,以湿法合成可得到成分均匀、颗粒尺寸一致的材料,有效提高电池性能,所以采用共沉法与微粒溶胶凝胶法(PSG)合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2。共沉法先形成-β(Ni,Co)(OH2),然后与计量比的锂混匀,煅烧获得材料。PSG法在制得凝胶的同时发生酯化反应,将当中的镍与钴还原为金属,锂则以碳酸锂形态存在;随后煅烧得到LiNi0.8Co0.2O2。两种方法所得材料进行红外光谱、X射线衍射及XRD精修结构分析、电化学阻抗谱、循环性能等检测。其中X射线衍射鉴定出这两种方法合成物相结晶都良好,XRD精修结构分析、电化学阻抗谱、循环性能测试都表明PSG结构比较优良。     

La0.3Sr0.2Mn0.1Zn0.4 oxide-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LSMZ-SDC) nanocomposite cathode for low temperature SOFCs

Nanocomposite based cathode materials compatible for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFCs) are being developed. In pursuit of compatible cathode, this research aims to synthesis and investigation nanocomposite La0.3Sr0.2Mn0.1Zn0.4 oxide-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LSMZ-SDC) based system. The material was synthesized through wet chemical method and investigated for oxide-ceria composite based electrolyte LTSOFCs. Electrical property was studied by AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructure, thermal properties, and elemental analysis of the samples were characterized by TGA/DSC, XRD, SEM, respectively. The AC conductivity of cathode was obtained for 2.4 Scm(-1) at 550 degrees C in air. This cathode is compatible with ceria-based composite electrolytes and has improved the stability of the material in SOFC cathode environment.