磷渣粉对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响

利用微量热仪、无接触电阻率仪、化学结合水量分析等手段研究了磷渣粉对硅酸盐水泥水化特性的影响.结果表明,磷渣掺量为30%时,由于其存在少量可溶性磷,导致缓凝作用较强,大幅降低了水化开始时的放热速率,推迟诱导期、加速期和减速期的出现,延长了诱导期持续的时间,延迟了第二放热峰的出现,延缓了凝结时间,减少了水化热和化学结合水量.     

水泥粒径分布与水化速度间的关系研究

为了研究水泥颗粒粒径分布与水泥水化速度之间的关系,根据文献提供的水泥粒径分布与水化度的试验数据,拟合建立了连续粒径分布水泥颗粒的水化速度公式。用该公式计算已知不同粒径分布的水泥浆体的水化速度,通过水泥水化过裤中的热重分析,得出不同龄期的水泥石的水化度试验值。结果表明:计算值与试验值对比基本吻合。     

0～20℃硅酸盐水泥的水化性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)及环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)研究0℃、5℃、10℃及20℃时硅酸盐水泥的水化过程,并进行凝结时间及力学强度测试。结果表明,温度越低,硅酸盐水泥的初凝和终凝时间越长,水泥早期的水化程度和力学强度也越低;但水化后期,水泥水化产物C-S-H凝胶明显细长,水化产物间距较小,大孔减少且孔隙分布更均匀,水化程度和后期强度较高。     

粉煤灰水泥混凝土材料水化机理研究

本文从粉煤灰水泥混凝土材料组成成分、水化性能、组成材料间的水化作用等方面进行研究,从而得到粉煤灰水泥混凝土材料水化机理,从而为粉煤灰水泥混凝土在结构工程,尤其在路面工程方面应用,具有现实指导意义。     

低水灰比对硅酸盐水泥水化程度的影响

研究了低水灰比硅酸盐水泥的水化程度，并利用XRD和SEM分析了其水化产物的微观结构。结果表明在低水灰比条件下，水泥的水化程度较低，其硬化水泥浆体中存在较多的未水化水泥；同时由于自身的密实性增强和体系的低孔隙率，使水泥水化产物的结晶、生长情况也受到影响。     

石灰石粉对硅酸盐水泥水化的影响

石灰石粉被广泛应用到水泥混凝土中,其在水泥体系中是否能产生活性效果仍存在争议。本文通过掺入30%石灰石粉与不掺石灰石粉组进行对比试验,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及X射线衍射分析(XRD)进行微观分析,结果表明:石灰石粉能够加速水泥中C3S的水化,以及能够与C3A反应生成水化碳铝酸钙,并且会阻止钙矾石向单硫型水化硫铝酸钙的转变。     

水泥粒径分布对水泥石强度的影响

以水泥石水化物填充度最高为原则,综合考虑水泥水化度、水泥固相体积增量和水泥浆体初始堆积密度两个方面的匹配关系,通过理论推导和试验验证建立了多粒径(连续粒径分布)单组分水泥石强度与水泥粒径分布之间关系的计算方法,在此基础上就水泥粒径分布对水泥石强度的影响进行探讨。结果表明:计算值与试验值比较吻合,用本文中提供的方法可以根据水泥的粒径分布和各水灰比计算其不同龄期的填充度和抗压强度。     

粉煤灰对水泥基材料水化过程电阻率的影响研究

本工作研究了粉煤灰掺量分别为0%、20%、40%时水泥浆体在72 h龄期内的电阻率、孔溶液离子浓度和孔结构的变化规律。结果表明,不同粉煤灰掺量的水泥浆体电阻率变化曲线会发生交叉,在交点之前,水泥浆体的电阻率随着粉煤灰掺量的增大而增大,在交点之后,随着粉煤灰掺量增大,水泥浆体的电阻率减小;掺入粉煤灰使得孔溶液的pH值降低,液相离子浓度减小,浆体总孔隙率增大。随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,水泥浆体的液相离子浓度变小,而孔隙率变大,受这两个因素的双重影响,不同粉煤灰掺量的水泥浆体的电阻率变化曲线产生交叉。     

Jet mill grinding of portland cement,limestone, and fly ash: Impact on particle size,hydration rate,and strength

While the majority of commercial ordinary portland cement (OPC) is ground using a ball mill or a vertical roller mill, other industries have shown that jet mill grinding can be an alternative approach for grinding materials. This paper investigates the potential application of jet mill grinding for two systems. The first system is a blend of OPC and 15% limestone, and the second system is a blend of OPC and 40% fly ash. It was observed that when jet mill grinding is used, the average particle size of the powders is decreased to approximately 4 μm or less with a narrower particle size distribution than that achieved using ball milling. In addition to evaluating the size and shape of the particles obtained from the jet mill grinding process, this paper focuses on evaluating, using isothermal calorimetry, the effect these changes in particle size and distribution have on the extent and rate of hydration as well as their effect on the compressive strength of cement pastes or mortars.This study also investigated differences between inter-grinding and blending separately ground materials to form an OPC/limestone mixture. Both inter-ground and separately ground OPC/limestone mortars demonstrated an accelerated hydration at early ages accompanied by an increase in early age strength. This appears to be primarily due to the increased surface area of the finer particles that provides more available surface for the hydration reaction. The inter-grinding appeared to be more effective than grinding the materials separately because an improved graded particle size distribution was obtained. The inter-ground OPC/limestone mixture shows accelerated initial hydration at water to powder ratios (w/p, where powder = cement + limestone) of 0.50 and 0.35 when compared with the samples before grinding. At the lower w/p of 0.35, the OPC/limestone mixture appears much more efficient. In the OPC/fly ash mixture, jet mill grinding also accelerates the rate of hydration and strength development.     

Study on hydration of Portland cement with fly ash using electrical measurement

The electrical resistivity method was used for measuring the electrical resistivity of cement paste incorporating with fly ash. The study found that the bulk electrical resistivity ρ(t) was a function of the solution electrical resistivity ρ0(t) and porosity Φ. A two-component model was proposed, in which ρ(t) was dominated by ρ0(t) at the early period of hydration and dominated by Φ at a later period. The porosity formation curve was derived from the 2-point method. A logarithmic equation ρ(t)=K^*In(t/t₀) was proposed to express the electrical resistivity development with time after hardening, where K represents the rate of hydration, and the pastes with fly ash had a lower K. The setting times and compressive strengths were tested and the results were compared with the electrical properties.     

高铁粉煤灰对水泥基材料吸波特性的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析粉煤灰中铁组分矿物组成和分布形态,对高铁粉煤灰颗粒电磁参数及复合高铁粉煤灰水泥浆体的吸波性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,粉煤灰中富集在球形颗粒表面的各种微细氧化铁晶体,是高铁粉煤灰产生电磁损耗的物质基础;高铁粉煤灰颗粒具有较高的介电常数和一定的磁导率,是以介电损耗型为主的电磁波有效损耗介质;高铁粉煤灰水泥基复合材料在2～8GHz波段范围内具有吸波性能,其最小反射率为-13.01dB,同时吸波能力可能与材料电导率有关.     

Effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength, porosity, and pore size distribution of hardened cement pastes. Class F fly ash with two fineness, an original fly ash and a classified fly ash, with median particle size of 19.1 and 6.4 μm respectively were used to partially replace portland cement at 0%, 20%, and 40% by weight. The water to binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 was used for all the blended cement paste mixes.Test results indicated that the blended cement paste with classified fly ash produced paste with higher compressive strength than that with original fly ash. The porosity and pore size of blended cement paste was significantly affected by the replacement of fly ash and its fineness. The replacement of portland cement by original fly ash increased the porosity but decreased the average pore size of the paste. The measured gel porosity (5.7–10 nm) increased with an increase in the fly ash content. The incorporation of classified fly ash decreased the porosity and average pore size of the paste as compared to that with ordinary fly ash. The total porosity and capillary pores decreased while the gel pore increased as a result of the addition of finer fly ash at all replacement levels.     

粉煤灰漂珠粒径对粉煤灰漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料阻尼性能的影响

通过搅拌铸造法向半固态AZ91D镁合金中添加粉煤灰漂珠（FAC）制备了FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料,研究了FAC粒径对该复合材料阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能明显优于基体材料,在FAC含量相同时,FAC的粒径越大,其阻尼性能越好。室温下FAC对提高FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能起重要作用,FAC附近的基体产生了高密度的位错,形成了塑性区。室温下FAC粒径越大,在其附近产生的塑性区越大,阻尼性能越好。随温度的升高,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能迅速提高。位错、晶界以及FAC和基体之间的界面运动是提高阻尼性能的关键。      

Effect of size of fly ash particle on enhancement of mullite content and glass formation

Quartz is widely replaced by fly ash in traditional porcelain composite. Increased strength and stability of the fly ash-mixed composite depends on the quantity and crystallinity of the mullite phase in the fly ash. Our aim in this investigation is to increase the formation of mullite in nanocrystalline form and study the effect of temperature. Quantitative estimation of mullite and residual quartz content were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nanostructure and crystallization were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), XRD and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that fly ash sieved through 250 holes/cm² mesh contain more mullite initially and growth of mullite as well as glass formation was faster in this sample compared to coarse fly ash. The maximum mullite in these samples was formed at 1600°C. Transformation of quartz and cristobalite phases into glassy phase was also faster for smaller particle sizes of fly ash.     

Effect of water curing conditions on the hydration degree and compressive strengths of fly ash–cement paste

This paper explains the effect of water curing condition on compressive strengths of fly ash–cement paste by quantitative data of hydration degree. Hydration of fly ash–cement paste was estimated by Rietveld analysis and selective dissolution. The result shows that the hydration degree of belite is affected by water curing conditions, more so than that of fly ash and alite. Fly ash still continues to hydrate even without an extra, external supply of water. The strong dependence of fly ash–cement concrete on curing conditions does not come from the hydration degree of fly ash, but rather comes from the hydration degree of cement, especially belite. When the water to binder ratio is low enough, the hydration of cement plus small hydration of fly ash are considered to be enough for adequate compressive strength at the beginning. Then, compressive strength of fly ash–cement paste becomes less sensitive to the water curing period.     

Experimental investigation and modeling of hydration and performance evolution of fly ash cement

A systematic study on several mix designs has been carried out to correlate the microstructural properties, i.e. degree of hydration, C–S–H composition, capillary porosity to the mechanical properties, such as compressive strength and elastic modulus. For this purpose, thermodynamic modeling was used to calculate the type and amount of hydrates formed during ongoing hydration of ordinary Portland and blended fly ash cements. Obtained results of the phase development over the hydration time agree well with the measured amount of the phases. Additionally, by plotting the measured compressive strength versus the modeled porosity, a quasi-unique relationship for both, OPC and OPC blended systems, is obtained. This new finding gives further insights allowing us to develop a micromechanical model linking the mineralogical composition of anhydrous systems to corresponding mechanical properties. On the other hand, it provides a possibility to improve the composition of cementitious systems to improve their properties and performance.     

Effect of fly ash on the microstructure of cement mortar

A microstructural study of mortars prepared with a low-alkali, low-C₃A cement and a Class F fly ash, both of Swedish origin, was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray analytical technique. Supplementary phase analyses were made by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. Normally, CH crystals in the transition zone grow with their c axis parallel (or the (0 0 1) cleavage plane perpendicular) to the aggregate surface. The encapsulation of the fly ash particles by the growing CH reduces the amount of orientated CH at the aggregate-paste interface. The growth mechanism of these crystals is discussed. The reduction of CH, most significant after 28 days of hydration, is mainly due to the reaction of CH with the fly ash glass phase. Initially, the replacement of cement by fly ash weakens the paste-aggregate interfacial zone due to reduction of contact points, and increases the local water-to-cement ratio. This, however, improves significantly when the fly ash has reacted. In order to enhance the reaction of fly ash, extra gypsum was added. The results show that gypsum can accelerate the fly ash reaction, but the products formed, and the beneficial effects of gypsum, are mainly determined by the total amount of gypsum in the paste.     

Laboratory compaction of fly ash and fly ash with cement additions

The use of power-industry wastes as a material for earthen structures depends on its compactibility. It has been confirmed that a fly ash/bottom ash mix compacted several times in Proctor's moulds are not representative. The relationship between dry density of solid particles and water content for re-used waste samples was determined. The re-compaction effect on grain-size distribution, density of solid particles, specific surface and sand equivalent of wastes was investigated. Tests were conducted on fly ash samples compacted by the Standard and Modified Proctor methods. Another aim of the paper was to investigate the influence of cement additions on the compactibility of a fly ash/bottom ash mix. Waste samples in the natural state and with different percentages of cement additions (2, 5 and 10%) were compacted by both impact compaction methods to obtain compactibility curves rhod(w). It was found that cement addition resulted in an increased rhod max value, while wopt decreased. Linear regression relationships for changes in compaction parameters after cement stabilisation are also given.