铸型温度对单晶高温合金叶片凝固组织的影响

在高温度梯度真空定向凝固炉中,采用螺旋选晶法通过3种不同铸型温度分别制备了[001]取向的DD6单晶高温合金叶片,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同工艺条件下合金的铸态组织,研究了铸型温度对单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明,随着铸型温度的升高,合金的一次枝晶间距和二次枝晶间距变小,合金元素的偏析程度降低,枝晶干和枝晶间的铸态γ′相尺寸减小,共晶的尺寸和含量稍有减小,显微疏松的尺寸和体积分数稍有减小。     

试样尺寸对一种单晶高温合金组织的影响

 通过制备两种不同尺寸单晶试样的凝固试验,研究了试样尺寸对DD3单晶高温合金组织的影响。结果表明,在相同的凝固工艺条件下,试样尺寸增大,合金的一次枝晶间距和二次枝晶间距变大,合金元素的偏析程度稍有增加,枝晶干和枝晶间的铸态γ′相尺寸稍有增大,显微疏松无明显改变,共晶的尺寸和含量增加;经相同的热处理工艺处理后,试样尺寸增大,合金枝晶干和枝晶间的γ′相尺寸稍有增大。     

氩气雾化高温合金粉末的凝固组织特征

为深入了解高温合金粉末粒度细化对粉末涡轮盘性能的影响,对不同尺寸氩气雾化高温合金粉末的凝固组织特点进行了分析和研究.结果表明:AA粉表面和内部凝固组织主要为树枝晶和胞状晶组织,晶界和枝晶间分布少量富Ti、Nb的MC型碳化物.随着粉末尺寸的减小,冷却速率增大,组织从树枝晶向胞状晶转变,基体γ相晶面间距和点阵常数增加.小尺...     

NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf共晶合金定向凝固组织的特性及力学性能

采用高温度梯度定向凝固装置制备NiAl-Cr(Mo)-Hf共晶合金,系统地研究了凝固速率对合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响.随凝固速率的增大,固液界面依次呈现平、胞、枝的形貌,而且共晶胞的尺寸和层片间距随之减小.同时发现当凝固速率在3.33μm/s到16.7μm/s范围内变化时,合金的力学性能随凝固速率的增大而增大.(Mo)-Hf;定向凝固;显微组织;力学性能     

Co含量对一种新型高温合金铸态及热处理组织的影响

利用高温度梯度真空定向凝固方法,在保持其他元素不变的情况下,制备3种不同Co含量(质量分数,下同)的新型第四代镍基单晶高温合金,研究了Co含量对合金定向铸造凝固过程、热处理过程中偏析行为及显微组织演化的影响规律.研究结果表明：不同Co含量合金的初熔温度变化不大;随着Co含量的增加,合金的固、液相线温度升高,3种铸态合金中,质量分数为9%的Co合金(以下简称9%Co)的一次枝晶干与二次枝晶干间距最小,(γ+γ′)共晶组织含量最多;9%Co合金铸态组织偏析最为明显,Co含量的变化对Re和W等典型负偏析元素的偏析系数影响较大,而对Al和Ta等典型正偏析元素的偏析系数未见明显影响.合金经固溶处理后共晶回溶、枝晶偏析得以消除,二次时效处理后,随着Co含量的增加,γ′相平均尺寸及立方度的变化趋势均为先增大再略微减小.标准热处理后,Co含量对γ′相体积分数未见明显影响,且9%Co合金具有最佳的γ′相平均尺寸和立方度.     

GH3536合金电渣重熔铸锭微观组织演变行为

由于高温合金铸锭由外向内凝固的原因,铸锭不同部位的冷却条件存在差异。当铸锭尺寸增大时,铸锭内部元素偏析情况加剧并产生粗大的析出相。为合理控制GH3536合金电渣重熔(ESR)铸锭内碳化物分布,为铸锭大型化发展提供理论基础,研究了铸锭不同部位元素偏析及碳化物的演变过程。结合实际工业生产情况,在实验室条件下采取定向凝固试验和MeltFlow-ESR有限元数值模拟等方法,研究了冷却速率和碳化物形貌及二次枝晶间距之间的关系。结果表明,凝固过程中Mo、W、Cr元素的偏析是碳化物形成的重要原因;随着冷却速率的提高,二次枝晶间距与碳化物面积分数均降低,较低的冷却速率使枝晶间距增大,易于形成M₆C/M₂₃C₆复合型碳化物;其中一次枝晶间距λ₁与冷却速率R_c呈λ₁=396.78G^-0.5R_c^-0.25的正比例关系(G为凝固界面前沿的温度梯度),二次枝晶间距λ₂与冷却速率呈λ_2<...     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的显微偏析行为

研究了一种新型镍基单晶高温合金DD98铸态组织的显微偏析行为.实验结果表明,当合金以枝晶凝固时,组织中存在显微偏析.其中元素Mo、Cr、Ti、Ta、Al在枝晶间富集,Ti、Mo、Ta、Cr的偏析较为严重,Al的偏析程度相对小一些,Ni、Co、W为枝晶干偏析元素,其中W的偏析最为严重;共晶中富集Al、Ta、Ti、Ni,贫Co、W、Cr、Mo.凝固速率对枝晶偏析有显著的影响.随着抽拉速率的增加,元素Al、Mo、Co、Ti的偏析程度增加,而Ta的偏析程度降低,其它元素的偏析程度变化不大.     

拉晶速率对单晶高温合金高温持久断裂行为的影响

研究了不同拉晶速率下制得的镍基单晶高温合金高温持久变形行为，结果表明，随拉晶速率增加，单晶合金的凝固界面由平面向胞状，枝状转变，持久延伸率减少，持久寿命有增加的趋势；高温持久断裂形式由典型的韧窝断裂转向混合断裂，二次裂纹增多，持久变形时的γ’筏形完善性增加，位错网间距减小。     

Ce对Al-2%Cu合金结晶形貌及一次枝晶间距的影响

采用定向凝固的方法研究了Ce对Al—2%Cu合金结晶形貌及一次枝晶间距的影响,结果表明,Ce增加了合金胞状生长的不稳定性;在Ce含量较小的情况下一次枝晶间距减小,在0.1～0.2%Ce范围内达到最小值,大于此范围时,一次枝晶间距反而增大。作者认为等价浓度C_(m n)是Ce影响界面稳定性及一次枝晶间距的主要因素。     

DSM11合金定向凝固工艺的研究

研究了定向凝固速度对DSM11合金组织结构和性能的影响.结果表明,在获得柱状晶生长的条件下,随凝固速度提高,枝晶间距细化,合金中的γ'相、碳化物和共晶组织细而均匀;当凝固速度为11mm/min时,出现严重的枝晶分叉和不连续现象.凝固速度变化对合金高温持久性能影响显著.凝固速度为7 mm/min时,合金持久性能最高,对应枝晶间距和共晶含量的低谷,伴随着细小枝晶和均匀的显微组织.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.