Evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents the evaluation of saturation and cross-magnetization effects in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) over the entire range of direct- and quadrature-axis excitations. The conventional two-axis machine model is modified in order to include the influence of saturation and cross-coupling effects on the variation of self- and cross-coupling inductances in the direct and the quadrature axis. The two-axis machine model parameters are evaluated by experiments performed on an IPMSM using a controlled voltage-source inverter and are compared with parameter values evaluated by the finite-element method. The evaluation of two-axis machine model parameters reveals significant saturation and cross-magnetization effects in both axes, especially in the flux-weakening regime.     

High-efficiency line-start interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors

This paper presents a successful design of a high-efficiency small but novel interior permanent-magnet motor using NdBFe magnets. It is designed to operate both at line and variable frequencies. Line start with high inertia load was a special consideration. Time-stepping finite-element analysis has been used to successfully predict the dynamic and transient performances of the prototype motors. It has been found that the proposed design has yielded successful simulation and experimental results. The maximum load inertia corresponding to the rotor-bar depth has been determined from the simulation results.     

无速度传感器的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制

针对电机驱动系统安装传感器带来的成本高、可靠性低、维护困难等问题,在叙述永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制原理的基础上,采用基于转子磁链位置的方法采估算电机转速,并在MATLAB SIMULINK下建立系统的仿真模型.仿真结果验证了该无速度传感器估算方案在电机全速范围内都能较好地估计电机真实转速,并且具有良好的动静态性能.     

Development and implementation of a hybrid intelligent controller for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives

A hybrid neuro-fuzzy scheme for online tuning of a genetic-based proportional-integral (PI) controller for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive is presented in this paper. The proposed controller is developed for accurate speed control of the IPMSM drive under various system disturbances. In this work, initially different operating conditions are obtained based on motor dynamics incorporating uncertainties. At each operating condition a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the PI controller parameters in a closed-loop vector control scheme. In the optimization procedure a performance index is developed to reflect the minimum speed deviation, minimum settling time and zero steady-state error. A fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) is utilized for online tuning of the PI controller parameters to ensure optimum drive performance under different disturbances. The proposed FBFN-based PI controller provides a natural framework for combining numerical and linguistic information in a uniform fashion. The proposed controller is successfully implemented in real time using a digital signal processor board DS 1102 for a laboratory 1-hp IPMSM. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulation as well as experimental results at different dynamic operating conditions. The proposed controller is found to be robust for applications in an IPMSM drive.     

粘着控制中的交流永磁同步电机调速控制研究

交流永磁同步电机的模型参数辨识精度是影响电机矢量控制方法性能的关键.基于此,在交流永磁同步电机同步旋转坐标系的数学模型下,提出了一种交流永磁同步电机模型参数的辨识方法,采用直轴电流阶跃响应实验同时辨识定子电阻和直轴电感,脉冲电压实验检测交轴电感,速度驱动实验检测转子磁通.在电机模型参数辨识结果的基础上,讨论了基于矢量控制的交流永磁同步电机调速控制系统电流环和速度环的设计方法.在基于TMS320F2812 DSP的电力机车粘着控制实验平台上进行了实验研究.实验结果表明电机模型参数辨识方法的有效性,调速系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能.     

An efficiency-optimizing permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive

A permanent magnet synchronous-motor drive that uses and adaptive control to find the maximum-efficiency operating point at any speed and load is demonstrated. Active damping is provided by modulating the inverter frequency in proportion to the perturbations in the average inverter DC link current. All principal control functions, including efficiency optimization and frequency modulation, are performed by a real-time digital control algorithm, using only the filtered inverter DC link current as a feedback signal from the inverter. Laboratory tests and computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the efficiency-optimizing control and the frequency-modulation feedback loop     

内置式永磁同步电机牵引系统宽调速非线性控制器

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)牵引系统机械参数时变、恒转矩区需高转矩输出、恒功率区需宽调速问题,运用非线性自适应控制理论,设计了一种电流滞环控制非线性自适应反步控制器。该非线性控制器在恒转矩区采用最大转矩比电流控制,提高转矩输出能力;在恒功率区采用弱磁控制策略,扩大调速范围;同时对电机参数摄动有较强的抑制能力,表现出较好的鲁棒性。仿真结果证明了IPMSM牵引系统非线性控制器的正确性和有效性。     

Vector control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

Schemes and algorithms are considered for vector control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor by adjusting the stator-field vector magnitude and its angular misalignment relative to the rotor-field vector. The proposed algorithms provide a very varied view of motor mechanical characteristics, demonstrate low sensitivity to the dispersion of engine parameters, use a relatively small amount of computational procedures, and make it possible to implement quite easily a variety of static and dynamic drive operating regimes, including the modes of direct-current control, start, reverse, and others. Simulation results of the drive operation in static and dynamic regimes are given.     

多相永磁同步电机模糊神经网络控制调速系统

针对多相永磁同步电机具有非线性、强耦合等特点,传统的PID控制和模糊控制均不能达到很好的控制效果问题,依据空间矢量解耦的理论,建立了多相永磁同步电机的数学模型,给出了基于模糊高斯基函数神经网络的多相永磁同步电机调速系统控制方法,并在六相永磁同步电机上做了仿真分析研究.结果表明,该控制方法反应速度较快,无超调,在突加负载后速度也能够很好跟踪给定速度.响应过程中电磁力矩及定子电流基本上无振荡现象,稳态时电磁力矩恒定,对应的六相定子电流为规整正弦波.动静态性能均优于传统的PID控制和模糊控制.     

Transient performance analysis for permanent-magnet hysteresis synchronous motor

The combination of hysteresis and permanent-magnet materials in the rotor of a self-starting synchronous motor makes the motor analysis very difficult due to its inherent nonlinearity. This paper presents the simulation results of the transient performance of permanent magnet hysteresis synchronous (PMHS) motors. The major feature in this study is to combine the time-stepping finite-element technique with the model for B-H hysteresis loop in order to take the nonlinear magnetic hysteresis into account. The good agreement between computed and measured performance in a laboratory PMHS motor validates the proposed analysis.     

Fault detection and fault-tolerant control of interior permanent-magnet motor drive system for electric vehicle

This work presents a control strategy that provides fault tolerance to the major sensor faults which may occur in an interior-permanent-magnet-motor (IPMM)-based electric vehicle propulsion drive system. Failures of a position sensor, a dc-link voltage sensor, and current sensors are all included in the study assuming no multiple faults. For each possible sensor fault, a corresponding method of detection or diagnosis is provided. Additionally, once the fault is detected, the control scheme is automatically reconfigured to provide post-fault operational capability. A state observer is used to provide missing current information in the case of current sensor faults. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of both the fault detection algorithm and the reconfigurable control scheme. The resulting IPMM drive system proves to be resilient to sensor failures while providing smooth transition to the post-fault operational mode.     

Investigation of inverterless control of interior permanent-magnet alternators

This paper investigates the performance and control of a low-cost 6-kW concept demonstrator of an "inverterless" automotive alternator. This is based on a switched-mode rectifier (SMR) combined with a high-flux interior permanent-magnet (PM) machine. Duty cycle control of the SMR is described and the theoretical predictions are compared with open-loop experimental results. The efficiency of the concept demonstrator is examined as a function of speed and load. Control issues regarding automotive operation are discussed.     

永磁同步电动机的有限时间跟踪控制

针对永磁同步电动机绕组相电流和转速强耦合特性,基于永磁同步电动机精确的数学模型,依据中继切换控制机制和有限时间收敛的终端滑动模态控制机制,研究了永磁同步电动机的有限时间跟踪问题,给出了其终端滑模控制器的设计方案。在所设计的控制作用下,闭环系统将在有限时间内达到平衡状态,保证了闭环系统所有信号的有界性和平衡点的全局稳定性,系统在有限时间内精确地跟踪给定的参考信号。对永磁同步电动机模型进行了数值仿真,结果表明,在所设计的终端滑模控制器作用下,系统的跟踪误差在有限时间内达到零,验证了所提算法的正确和有效性。     

Adaptive and robust speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives

This paper presents a robust speed controller for field oriented controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives. The proposed controller is designed using integral variable structure control (IVSC) combined with linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The LQR scheme is used to decide the optimal feedback gain to shape the system dynamics by tuning the IVSC switching plane to guarantee the robustness of the control algorithm. The complete drive is implemented in real-time using digital signal processor (DSP) control board DS1102. The tracking properties and robustness of the proposed scheme are examined through both simulations and experimental work. It guarantees accurate control performance in the presence of parameter variations, step speed change and load disturbances. The performance of IPMSM drive system with a conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller is presented in comparison with the proposed controller. The results show a significant improvement in both the transient and steady state responses over the conventional PI controller.     

Sensorless initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a method of estimating the initial rotor position of a surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor without a position sensor. The estimation is performed by using the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. This method is based on the principle that the d-axis current value for the voltage vector applied to the motor under some conditions increases as the voltage vector generated from the inverter approaches the N pole of the rotor. During the estimation process, the rotor is practically at standstill. The experimental results show that the average of the estimation error is /spl plusmn/3.8 electrical degrees.     

永磁同步电机非线性黄金分割自适应转速控制

针对永磁同步电机系统复杂设计高精确度的控制器比较困难的问题,采用id=0的矢量控制策略,基于永磁同步电机的特征模型,设计一个以非线性黄金分割自适应控制为主的控制方案。通过安排过渡过程和特征模型参数的在线辨识实现了该控制方案下控制器参数的在线自适应调节。实验结果表明该控制方案不仅能够实现永磁同步电机较高精确度的转速控制,与一阶自抗扰控制、增广状态反馈控制和传统的PI控制相比,具有更加优越的暂态和稳态性能。     

Speed control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drivefor the flux weakening operation

A novel flux-weakening scheme for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is proposed. This is implemented based on the output of the synchronous PI current regulator-reference voltage to the PWM inverter. The onset of flux weakening and the flux level are adjusted inherently by the outer voltage regulation loop to prevent saturation of the current regulator. Attractive features of this flux weakening scheme include no dependency on the machine parameters. The guarantee of current regulation at any operating condition, and smooth and fast transition into and out of the flux weakening mode. Experimental results at various operating conditions including the case of detuned parameters are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme     

Position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using extended electromotive force

Driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires the rotor position information to control the motor torque, and this is generally detected by mechanical position sensors such as an encoder or a resolver. However, these sensors increase the machine size and the cost of the drive, and reduce reliability of the system. Therefore, many papers about position sensorless drive method of PMSM have been published. This paper presents a position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A mathematical model of IPMSM using the extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized to estimate the rotor speed and position. This model has a simple structure integrating position information into the extended EMF term. Therefore, the sensorless control based on the mathematical motor model can be implemented simply. The estimation method proposed is based on the principle that the error of the current is proportional to that of extended EMF. This method was carried out using a 6‐pole, 400‐W, 1750 r/min test motor system. It was found that sensorless speed control was achieved from 80 r/min to 1800 r/min under 0 to 100%loads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 41–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20406     

单相永磁同步电动机脉振转矩的分析和计算

利用F－B－O坐标系统下单相永磁同步电动机异步稳态运行的数学模型，推导出任何转差率下的电磁转矩表达式。结合状态空间数学模型，对起动过程中的脉振转矩进行了分析和计算。     

New "mirror-phase vector control" for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motor with pole saliency

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM). The proposed method is directly based on a new principle called "mirror-phase characteristics" and has the following high-performance and attractive features: 1) it can allow 250% rated torque at standstill, under which strong flux saturation usually occurs; 2) it can allow ultralow-speed control (the observed minimum speed ratio to the rated speed under the rated motoring or regenerating load is 1/1800); 3) in spite of the ultralow-speed performance, it can operate up to the rated speed; 4) it accepts instant injection of the rated load even for zero-speed control; 5) it accommodates a load with huge moment of inertia.; 6) it is insensitive to all motor parameters; 7) it is also insensitive to saturation phenomena of stator flux; and 8) it is so simple that it can be implemented with no additional hardware. The high performance and usefulness of the new "mirror-phase vector control" method are verified through experiments.