木浆纤维素氨基甲酸酯的溶解及溶液流变性能研究

采用热台偏光显微镜及RVDV-Ⅱ+可编程控制式旋转黏度计测定了木浆纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)的溶解及溶液的流变性能,考察了溶液浓度、含氮量对溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明:CC的溶解性能随含氮量的升高而增强,含氮量高的CC溶解最充分,可得到高浓度的CC溶液;随含氮量的升高,CC溶液的非牛顿指数增大,结构黏度指数减小,充分溶解的CC溶液均呈现典型的假塑性非牛顿流体的特征;随着CC溶液浓度的增加,溶液的表观黏度增加,符合Flory方程。     

纤维素氨基甲酸酯溶液的流变性能

研究了纤维素氨基甲酸酯溶液的流变性能,并与粘胶溶液进行了比较。结果表明,纤维素氨基甲酸酯溶液为切力变稀型流体,与粘胶溶液相比,非牛顿指数小,结构粘度指数大,可纺性差;随温度的升高,表观粘度降低．到25℃以后发生凝固,粘度急剧增大;随着纤维素氨基甲酸酯溶液浓度的增加,表观粘度显著上升,曲线呈指数关系,得到了表观粘度与浓度的经验公式。     

聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液的流变性能研究

由均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中共聚合制得聚酰亚胺前驱体——聚酰胺酸的纺丝溶液,采用哈克流变仪研究了溶液的流变性能。结果表明:聚酰胺酸溶液属于切力变稀的非牛顿流体;溶液的表观黏度随溶液温度的升高而降低,随溶液浓度的升高或聚合物特性黏度的增大而增大。溶液温度的升高、浓度的降低或聚合物特性黏度的减小均使得聚酰胺酸溶液呈现切力变稀行为的临界剪切速率变大,使得溶液的非牛顿指数增大,同时使得溶液的结构黏度指数减小。溶液的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增加或随溶液浓度的增高而下降。     

溶解方式对纤维素/离子液体溶液流变性能的影响

采用静置、机械搅拌、捏合3种溶解方式制备了纤维素/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物([BMIM]Cl)溶液,对3种溶液进行了稳态、动态、温度扫描等流变性能测试,研究了溶解方式对纤维素/[BMIM]Cl溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明:静态溶解得到的溶液表观黏度和松弛时间较大,搅拌次之,捏合最小;3种溶液黏弹性的温度依赖关系符合Winter等所提出的凝胶化转变现象,都是物理凝胶;溶解方式对其凝胶化转变温度有一定的影响,静置溶解得到的溶液的凝胶点温度最高,而捏合溶解得到的溶液的凝胶点温度最低,不同溶解方式所形成的溶液的结构化程度有显著差异。     

纤维素溶液在PF／DMSO溶剂体系流变性能的研究

研究了棉浆和木浆溶解于PF／DMSO溶剂体系所得溶液的流变性能,如纤维素含量、温度的改变对非牛顿指数、结构粘度、零切粘度等流变参数的影响。两种溶液的粘流活化能均高于粘胶溶液,棉浆的反应性能优于木浆。     

纤维素LiCl/DMAc溶液流变性能研究

本文研究了9％LICI／DMAC纤维素溶液的流变性能。在该体系中纤维素溶液是非牛顿流体，属于假塑性流体，具有典型的幂律性。通过幂律方程拟合计算，其稠度系数为60～135，流动特性指数为0.62～0．70。随着浓度增大，稠度系数增大和流动特性指数降低；温度的变化对流动特性指数的影响不大，温度升高，流动特性指数略有减小，而稠度系数相对增大。溶液的粘度随着剪切速率的增大，开始时粘度迅速降低，后趋于稳定，这可能与纤维素分子在溶液中的取向有关。在不同剪切速率下，其流动活化能为23～30kJ．     

9：1的纤维素／甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液流变性能的研究

探讨了9：1的纤维素／甲壳素黄原酸酯共混溶液流变性能的影响因素，如溶液浓度和温度对共混溶液非牛顿指数、结构粘度指数、零切粘度等的影响。随着溶液浓度的增加和温度的降低，纤维素／甲壳素黄原酸酯溶液的非牛顿指数随之减小，而结构粘度指数、零切粘度随之增大。溶液的粘流活化能高于传统的粘胶。     

羟丙基纤维素溶液的流变性能

采用ARES-RFS流变仪测定了羟丙基纤维素溶液的流变性能,考察了温度、溶液浓度、醚化剂量对溶液流变行为的影响,并得到了溶液的非牛顿指数、黏流活化能及结构黏度指数。结果表明:羟丙基纤维素溶液属于假塑性流体,随温度升高、浓度降低、醚化剂用量的增加,该溶液的表观黏度降低,非牛顿指数增大。     

棉浆粕在NaOH/硫脲/尿素溶剂体系中的溶解及流变性能

研究了棉浆粕在NaOH/硫脲/尿素溶剂体系中的溶解特性,并对溶解得到的棉浆粕溶液的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明:当溶解温度为-10℃,混合溶剂中NaOH、硫脲、尿素、水的质量比为7∶9∶9∶75,溶解时间为30 min时,棉浆粕的溶解程度较大;该种溶液为假塑性流体,溶液的黏度随剪切速率的增大而降低。     

Rheological properties of high concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose solutions

The study was concerned with measurements of steady‐state parameters, the transient shear stress response, and the yield stress of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions at high concentrations. Tests also included thixotropic and viscoelastic behavior and dynamic responses. The concentrations ranged by weight from 5 to 8% of CMC. The steady‐state shear flow showed that at higher shear rates the viscosities of CMC solutions tend to be less dependent on the concentration. The solutions showed rheopectic behavior for very small shear rates. No yield stress was detected. Measurements recorded the thixotropic behavior. At higher stress values, nonlinear viscoelastic effects were detected. Dynamic viscosities measured in a dynamic test were higher than were the shear viscosities at the same concentrations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1787–1801, 2001     

Temperature and concentration limits of cellulose solubility of cuprammonium complex solution

Conclusions The solubility of cellulose in cuprammonium complex solution has been studied over a wide range in concentration and temperature, and it has been shown that these solutions have a lower critical mixing temperature.Concentration limits of cellulose solubility and swelling have been determined in mixtures of cuprammonium complex with diethylene glycol; these depend to a considerable extent on the Cu/cellulose/NH₃ proportions.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 36–37, September–October, 1989.     

Morphological and structural formation of the regenerated cellulose membranes recovered from its cuprammonium solution using aqueous sulfuric acid

Morphological and structural formation of the regenerated cellulose membranes from its cuprammonium hydroxide solution by acid coagulation was investigated. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed that the morphology of the membranes changed drastically as functions of both the cellulose concentration in the original cellulose solution C_Cell and the concentration of sulfuric acid as a coagulant C_H2SO4. It was found that at a constant polymer concentration (8 wt %) the membrane prepared by using 5 wt % aqueous sulfuric acid exhibits higher water flux, far smaller swelling anisotropy parameter L_t, and larger porosity P_r with a thinner skin structure, and these parameters were proven to be associated with lower (11 0) crystal plane orientation coefficient f_{∥(11 0)} compared with those for the membranes obtained by aqueous sulfuric acid with more than 10 wt %. On the other hand, at constant coagulant concentration (10 wt %) the membrane prepared by using the polymer solution with 5 wt % shows far greater P_r with practically no distinct skin structure; hence, a higher flux. The drastic changes in the morphology and structural parameters as functions of C_Cell and C_H2SO4 were found to be well correlated with abrupt changes in material transportation (copper ion, ammonium ion, and water) from the polymer solution to aqueous coagulants as a function of C_Cell and C_H2SO4. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1669–1678, 1999     

基于离子液体的聚丙烯腈/纤维素溶液的动态流变性能研究

采用旋转流变仪分别对以离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[AMIM]Cl,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[BMIM]Cl,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐[EMIM]Ac为溶剂的聚丙烯腈/纤维素共混溶液(分别标记为溶液A,B,E)的动态流变性能进行了研究,讨论了溶液的储能模量(G′)、损耗因子(tanδ)及角频率(ω)之间的关系。结果表明:A、B溶液lgG′-lgω曲线分别在70,90℃开始呈现"第二平台",且随温度升高,平台宽度变大;A,B溶液时温叠加主曲线分别在70,100℃下的低频区域发生偏离,表明时温等效原理在低频下对于G′失效,E溶液不符合时温等效原理;A,B溶液tanδ随ω增大而降低,E溶液则升高;A,B溶液lgG′～lgG″曲线分别在80,110℃时发生偏离,在测试温度范围内对温度具有依赖性,E溶液lgG′-lgG″呈非线性关系;A,B溶液的Cole-Cole曲线出现拖尾现象。     

反应性微凝胶分散液的流变性能

为了在实际应用中更好地利用反应性微凝胶分散液的流变特性,采用自稳定分散聚合的方法合成了带有环氧基或羧基的反应性微凝胶,并研究了其在不同溶剂中的流变性能。结果表明,与相应的线形聚合物相比,当相对分子质量一定时,反应性微凝胶分散液的特性黏度较低,对聚合物相对分子质量依赖性较小;随着反应性微凝胶交联度的增加,特性黏度变小。在二甲苯中,随着反应性微凝胶质量分数的增加,分散液逐渐由牛顿流体转变为非牛顿流体,且随着反应性微凝胶质量分数的增加,假塑性增加。在甲苯、苯乙烯(St)或甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯(IBOMA)稀溶液中,反应性微凝胶的官能团种类对特性黏度的影响较弱,官能团种类对高浓度溶液的流变性能有较大的影响。     

Rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose

This work is a complete and comprehensive study of the rheological properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions. The study was carried out using the computer controlled RheoStress RS100 system of Haake. CMC concentration in the test solutions ranged by weight from 1 to 5%. This range was sufficiently wide to reveal the nearly Newtonian behavior at the lower end of concentrations, and the definitely pseudoplastic, thixotropic, and viscoelastic behaviors of CMC solutions at the higher end of concentrations. The scope of the study included measurements of steady-state parameters, transient shear stress response, and yield stress. In addition, the thixotropic, creep recovery, and dynamic responses of solutions with high concentrations were measured. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 289–301, 1997     

聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的流变特性

通过测定聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水溶液不同状态下的表观黏度,研究了质量浓度、剪切速率和温度对PAM溶液流变特性的影响。结果表明,在浓度范围1.0～4.0 g/L时,PAM溶液表观黏度随浓度的增加呈线性递增。在浓度范围2.0～4.0 g/L时,PAM溶液表现为假塑性流体特性,其表观黏度随剪切速率的升高而降低,且两者的对数值呈线性关系,非牛顿指数n随稠度系数K的增加而降低;溶液表观黏度随温度的升高而降低,其黏流活化能约为10 kJ/mol。PAM溶液表现为明显的正触变性。     

Rheological aspects of fiber spinning from cellulose solutions in N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide

Based on rheological experiments with a cellulose solution in N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO), it was found that the shearing stress generated in the flowing viscoelastic fluid decreases with an l/d ratio in a rheometer capillary. This reduces the elastic response and the outflow of the fluid becomes more uniform. At constant temperature, the elongational viscosity of the solidified stream of the cellulose solution in NMMO is reduced with increase of the deformation rate, which makes it possible to increase the fiber‐formation velocity within the air zone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1860–1868, 2001