Entrepreneurs and technology diffusion: How diffusion research can benefit from a greater understanding of entrepreneurship

This study builds on the work of Schumpeter and others who have recognised the role of entrepreneurs in the formation of entirely new industries around technological innovation. With this in mind, it critically reviews diffusion research, finding this work to be lacking in its treatment of entrepreneurship and its ability to integrate the wide range of factors that affect the diffusion process. In an effort to address these theoretical gaps, this study draws on management literature on the growth of the entrepreneurial firm, which puts entrepreneurs at the centre of analysis, and serves to integrate many of the traditional concerns of diffusion research. The authors hope that the proposed analytical framework will be applied to future case studies of technology diffusion in order that we might continue to better understand and explain the rate of technological advance in society.     

企业流程再造中IT技术作用的案例分析

通过Ａ集团的ＩＴ技术应用的案例,分析了ＩＴ技术在企业流程再造中的作用,对Ａ集团的决策、财务、设计、制造、检测、仓库管理、售后服务、办公自动化等业务流程再造中ＩＴ技术的作用进行了详细的研究。认为ＩＴ技术在流程再造中确实起到了使能器和实现器的作用。     

Engineering education and technology in a fast-developing China

As the world embarks on the 21st century, China—with a population of 1.3 billion—has arrived at a new stage of development: building a prosperous society and speeding up the national drive toward industrialization and modernization. Nearly 30 years after the adoption in 1979 of its reform and opening-up policy, China is experiencing historic leaps from poverty to subsidence, and thence to modest prosperity. The next goal for development is modernization by the middle of this century. This will be accomplished based on the following framework: within the first 20 years, China will build a moderately prosperous society with higher standards featuring a more developed economy, greater democracy, advanced science and education, more social harmony, and a more affluent life for the Chinese people. These major changes in this new stage of China's economic and social development set the stage for this discussion of engineering technology and engineering education in China.     

Science, technology and the economy: An Indian perspective

During the first three decades after 1947, the Indian economy grew only 3% per year but there was vast expansion in the science and technology (S&T) infrastructure. Decades later, especially during the last few years, the economy has grown much faster, but the S&T systems have not experienced the transformation that business and industry have. The net result is that the public sector S&T system is facing a major crisis even as the private sector contributes little to the national R&D effort. Wealth generation in India by private S&T services, especially in information technology, has led to greater prosperity for the educated middle class, but has also led to greater inequalities in income. The national scene is one of generally uneven achievement and extraordinary potential. This paper argues that unless another major shift in S&T policy occurs, there is real danger that India will not move beyond its status as a blue-collar S&T power.     

Information technology in further education

The Government and industry are now recognising the strategic importance of further education for the future well-being of the country. The one area where UK education is ahead of that in Europe is in the use of information technology. Here, the author argues that if further education is to take maximum advantage of corporate status from April 1993, it will be essential to use IT to enhance the learning experience and to provide accurate management information     

The under-representation of women in information technology and computing in the Middle East: A perspective from Jordan

This paper presents the results of a study on the participation of women in computing and information technology (IT) in Jordan. It investigates the percentages of women at all levels of education—from the secondary level through the graduate level—and their participation in the IT workforce. Women in Jordan are still under-represented in the computing and IT fields, and my study explores possible reasons for the under-representation and what can be done to increase women's participation. Despite the fact that the worldwide participation of women in computing has been declining steadily to very low levels, that is not the case in Jordan. This study found that the percentage of Jordanian women in the IT field is rising and far exceeds that of women in the U.S. and Canada. Indeed, increasing women's participation in computing in Jordan is vital to the economy and to the country's sustainable development.     

我国高等学校会计制度的若干问题

针对我国现行高等学校会计制度与当前高等教育事业发展不相适应的现状,通过对中美两国高等 学校会计制度的比较,提出对我国高校会计制度的改进建议:明确会计目标;会计核算采用权责发生制;基本 建设经费和高等教育事业经费分层次统一核算.     

企业过程再造与现代信息技术的关系

现代信息技术的固有品质成为企业过程再造的本质驱动力，也是企业过程再造的有力支持工具。它们相互影响，相互制约。     

What company characteristics are associated with the adoption of social media?

ABSTRACT

In just one decade, social media have moved from being marginal phenomena to having three billion active monthly users globally in 2017. We use a large representative sample to study which company characteristics are associated with the early adoption of social media. Our findings suggest that digital orientation (outside social media), innovativeness, external collaboration in marketing and sales, and orientation towards consumer markets all increase a company’s probability of adopting social media. In addition, larger and younger companies are more likely to be early movers. Overall, business use of social media has only reached its early maturity; thus, it still has plenty of room to grow.     

Si diffusion in GaAs

Theoretical studies are carried out to ascertain the dominant mechanism of Si diffusion in GaAs. Lattice dynamical model calculations have shown that the most probable diffusion mechanism is through a single vacancy even though several experiments cannot fix the mechanism as substitutional, substitutional-interstitial pair or neutral defect pair.     

What advantages of blockchain affect its adoption in the elderly care industry? A study based on the technology–organisation–environment framework

Blockchain technology is considered a logical solution to the problems of security, privacy and trust in the collection, storage and sharing of data related to the elderly in the elderly care industry (ECI); however, its adoption in the ECI remains in its initial stage. To improve the efficiency of adopting this technology in the ECI and to facilitate decision-making by managers, this study combines the diffusion of innovation theory and the technology–organisation–environment framework models to study the factors affecting blockchain adoption intention in the ECI. In addition, the direct predictors of the relative advantages of blockchain technology in the ECI are explored. Through a questionnaire survey of 124 elderly care institutions in China, we collected 181 valid questionnaires and analysed them using a partial least squares regression structural equation model. The results show that relative advantage, corporate social responsibility, top management support and organisational readiness have a positive effect on blockchain adoption intention in the ECI, while the effects of complexity, government support and competitive pressure are insignificant. However, competitive pressure and government support can indirectly promote blockchain adoption intention by influencing top management support. Furthermore, technology trust and information security positively affect the relative advantages of blockchain technology and indirectly affect blockchain adoption intention, while privacy protection is insignificant.     

包装信息与包装设计

讨论了包装信息涉及的内容及其各种表达方式。包装信息的研究是包装科学研究的一个重要方面，包装信息技术是包装设计中的一项重要技术。整合和强化包装信息方面的教学内容也是当前包装教育中教学改革的一项重要工作。     

重复购买Logit扩散模型应用分析

新产品上市后的销售规律研究对于企业非常重要,如今需要重复购买的非耐用品在市场中占有很大的份额,因此研究新产品重复购买扩散模型对于企业有着重要的现实意义。本文在分析现有重复购买产品技术扩散模型基础上,将Logit模型应用于础明公司产品实例上,给出详细的应用过程,用计量经济学研究方法分析解释所得结果,提出Logit模型的不足和需要改进之处,为公司运用模型进行销量预测提供参考。     

Indian science, technology, and society: The changing landscape

Over the centuries, India's scientific and technological position among developed and developing countries has shifted. Several centuries ago, it was characterized by scientific thought, capabilities, and techniques more advanced than many countries. However, when the scientific and industrial revolutions took place in the West, India was in a stagnant period. This paper looks at knowledge production in different countries vis-à-vis their economic strength, and then positions India within this landscape.Science and technology in India rest on four pillars: (1) techno-nationalism, (2) inclusive growth, (3) techno-globalism, and (4) global leadership. Each of these pillars is discussed in some detail, followed by concluding recommendations for steps India should take if it wishes to assume a leadership role among the world's developed nations.     

Information technology in Chile: How perceptions and use are related to age, gender, and social class

A survey was conducted in two cities in Chile to determine the perceptions and use of information technology (IT) by people of different ages and genders, and from different social classes. The survey results show that the main variable influencing IT use and perception is social class: the higher a user's social class, the more positive their perception of IT and the more frequent their use. In contrast, age is generally inversely correlated to the perception and use of IT. In the case of gender, the data indicates that it has the least importance when explaining differences in use and perception of IT. Finally, the study found a “social halo effect” regarding people's perception of IT usefulness. In general, individuals perceive IT to be more useful for society at large than it is useful for them.